| Ras Mkumbuu Ruins | |
| Map Type: | Tanzania |
| Relief: | yes |
| Location: | Chake Chake District, Pemba South Region, |
| Type: | Settlement |
| Material: | Coral rag |
| Built: | 9th century CE |
| Abandoned: | 16th century CE |
| Cultures: | Swahili |
| Architectural Styles: | Swahili & Islamic |
| Condition: | Endangered |
| Ownership: | Tanzanian Government |
| Management: | Antiquities Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism [1] |
| Designation1: | NHST |
| Designation1 Offname: | Ras Mkumbuu Ruins Historic Site |
| Designation1 Type: | Cultural |
Ras Mkumbuu Ruins (Magofu ya mji wa kale wa Ras Mkumbuu in Swahili) are located in Chake Chake district of South Pemba Region. They lie close to the village of Ndagoni at the end of a long narrow peninsula known as Ras Mkumbuu, which lies to the northwest of the town of Chake-Chake.[2] [3] The ruins mainly date from the 9th century CE and were abandoned in the 16th century, though there are indications that they were built over older foundations. Notable among these ruins are those of a large mosque which was for some time the largest structure of its type in sub-Saharan Africa.James Kirkman, the first archeologist to excavate here in the 1950s, proposed to connect his findings with the "Qanbalu" mentioned by the Arab explorer Al-Masudi around 900 but could not identify remnants earlier than the 13th century.[4] A possible identification of Pemba Island as a whole and especially Ras Mkumbuu with Qanbalu is still discussed.[5]