Pycnoporus sanguineus explained

Pycnoporus sanguineus is a white rot saprobic fungus. It was discovered on Guana Island (part of the Virgin Islands) but occurs throughout the tropics and subtropics, usually growing on dead hardwoods. It grows in the form of a thin dry conk with a lateral attachment to its substrate, or sometimes a very short stipe. The cap is orange-red to orange, lightening to salmon/buff in age. It has concentric zonation, and is finely tomentose to nearly glabrous. The pores on the underside are round, measuring 5-6 per mm with tubes up to 2mm deep. It is inedible due to its tough texture.^[1]

It is also a tree pathogen infecting species of Platanus and Mangifera.

Description

Pycnoporus sanguineus is used for both industrial and medicinal purposes throughout the world. A pigment extracted from the caps called cinnabarin is used in textile industries for the partial and complete de-colorization of certain dyes.^[2] Other industrial uses of this species include testing methods for wood treatment products and enzymes used in bio-remediation for the breakdown of crude oils. Traditional medicinal uses were first utilized by natives in surrounding areas of this species. Medicinal uses of P. sanguineus help relieve symptoms of the following diseases: arthritis, gout, styptic, sore throats, ulcers, tooth aches, fevers, and hemorrhages. P. sanguineus also displays numerous anti-bacterial properties against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and S. aureus by inhibiting specific metabolic pathways.^[3] Currently, P. sanguineus is being used in medicine for the absorption of certain heavy metals contained within the blood stream.^[4]

Further reading

• M. D. Mashitah, Z. Zulfadhfy, S. Bhatla. Ability of Pycnoporus sanguineus to Remove Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution. Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Biotechnology, Jan 1999, Vol. 27, No. 5-6, Pages 429–433.
• M. D. Mashitah, Z. Zulfadhly, S. Bhatta. Binding Mechanism of Heavy Metals Biosorption by Pycnoporus sanguineus. Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Biotechnology, Jan 1999, Vol. 27, No. 5-6, Pages 441–445.
• Blanchette, R.A. 1988. Resistance of hardwood vessels to degradation by white rot Basidiomycetes. Can. J. Bot. 66: 1841–1847. Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Notes and References

1. Book: Heyne, K. . De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-Indië, tevens synthetische catalogus der verzamelingen van het Museum voor Technische- en Handelsbotanie te Buitenzorg. Batavia, Ruygrok. Museum voor Economische Botanie (Bogor, Indonesia). 1913. 7. al 8 Agustus 2023
2. Smânia . A. . Marques . C. J. S. . Smânia . E. F. A. . Zanetti . C. R. . Carobrez . S. G. . Tramonte . R. . Loguercio-Leite . C. . 27 October 2003 . Toxicity and antiviral activity of cinnabarin obtained from Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr: TOXICITY AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF CINNABARIN . Phytotherapy Research . en . 17 . 9 . 1069–1072 . 10.1002/ptr.1304. 14595589 . 31803533 .
3. Smânia . A. . Monache . F. Delle . Smânia . E. F. A. . Gil . M. L. . Benchetrit . L. C. . Cruz . F. S. . 1995-03-01 . Antibacterial activity of a substance produced by the fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus (Fr.) Murr. . Journal of Ethnopharmacology . en . 45 . 3 . 177–181 . 10.1016/0378-8741(94)01212-I . 7623481 . 0378-8741.
4. Zulfadhly . Z. . Mashitah . M. D. . Bhatia . S. . 2001-05-01 . Heavy metals removal in fixed-bed column by the macro fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus . Environmental Pollution . en . 112 . 3 . 463–470 . 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00136-6 . 11291452 . 0269-7491.