Lun Bawang language explained
Lun Bawang or is the language spoken by the Lun Bawangs. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian family.
is an alternate name in East Kalimantan.[1]
History
Lun Bawang is mainly an oral language. There is very little printed written material in this language that was not written by missionaries or linguists. The first published material written fully in Lun Bawang is a translation of the Bible from 1982, which is called Bala Luk Do.[2] A Lun Bawang–English dictionary was constructed in 1969 by the University of Washington.[3] A dialect of the Lun Bawang language, Kemaloh Lundayeh, was compiled in 2006 into a bilingual dictionary of Lundayeh and English.
Phonology
There are 6 vowels, 19 consonants and 5 diphthongs in the Lun Bawang language.[4]
Lun Bawang consonant phonemes | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-
Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|
| Nasal | m pronounced as //m// | | n pronounced as //n// | | | ng pronounced as //ŋ// | |
|---|
| Plosive | p pronounced as //p// | b pronounced as //b// | bp pronounced as //b͡p// | t pronounced as //t̪// | d pronounced as //d// | | | k pronounced as //k// | g pronounced as //ɡ// | gk pronounced as //ɡ͡k// | pronounced as //ʔ// |
|---|
| Affricate | | | | c pronounced as //d͡tʃ//[5] | | | |
|---|
| Fricative | | | s pronounced as //s// | | | | h pronounced as //h// |
|---|
| Approximant | | | l pronounced as //l// | r pronounced as //r// | y pronounced as //j// | w pronounced as //w// | | |
|---|
According to Blust (2006), Lun Dayeh has a series of
mixed-voiced stops, pronounced as /[b͡p, d͡tʃ, ɡ͡k]/, similar to those of
Kelabit, but does not have a simple pronounced as /[tʃ]/.
Lun Bawang vowel phonemes| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|
| Close | i pronounced as //i// | | u pronounced as //u// |
|---|
| Mid | e pronounced as //e/, pronounced as /ɛ// | e pronounced as //ə// | o pronounced as //o/, pronounced as /ɔ// |
|---|
| Open | | a pronounced as //a// | | |
|---|
Lun Bawang diphthongs! Orthography! IPA| ai | pronounced as //ai̯// |
| au | pronounced as //au̯// |
| ia | pronounced as //i̯a// |
| ou | pronounced as //ou̯// |
| ui, oi | pronounced as //ɔʏ̯// | |
Example
Lord's Prayer (Our Father)
[6]
Translation:Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us. Do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen. For the kingdom, the power, and the glory, are Yours now and forever. Amen. (Matthew 6:9–13)
References
- Lobel . Jason William . 2013 . Southwest Sabah Revisited . Oceanic Linguistics . 52 . 1 . 36–68 . 10.1353/ol.2013.0013 . 43286760 . 142990330 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150226063415/http://jasonlobel.com/52-1-Lobel-SouthwestSabahRevisited-OLJune2013-36to68.pdf . 2015-02-26.
- Martin . Peter . Educational Discourses and Literacy in Brunei Darussalam . 11 . 2. 2010-09-25 . 2008 . The International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism . . 10.2167/beb494.0 . 207 . 144405091 .
- Deegan . James L. . 1971 . Report on Anthropological Field Work Among the Lun Bawang (Murut) People of Sarawak . Borneo Research Bulletin . en . 3 . 1 . 14 . 2010-09-25.
- Web site: Distribusi Fonem Bahasa Lun Bawang: Satu Kajian Preliminari . dead . https://archive.today/20070627153124/http://www.brunet.bn/news/pelita/15nov/sasbuday.htm . 2007-06-27 . brunet.bn . ms.
- Blust . Robert . 2006 . The Origin of the Kelabit Voiced Aspirates: A Historical Hypothesis Revisited . Oceanic Linguistics . 45 . 2 . 311–338 . 10.1353/ol.2007.0001 . 4499967. 145261116 .
- Web site: 2018 . The Bible Society of Malaysia . BSM Lun Bawang – Lun Dayah . The Bible Society of Malaysia . 2018-02-22 . 2018-06-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180614094328/http://listen.bible.is/LNDBSM/Matt/6#9 . dead .
Bibliography
- Blust . Robert . 2016 . Kelabit-Lun Dayeh Phonology, with Special Reference to the Voiced Aspirates . Oceanic Linguistics . en . 55 . 1 . 246–277 . 10.1353/ol.2016.0010. 148388653 .
- Clayre, Beatrice (1972). "A preliminary comparative study of the Lun Bawang (Murut) and Sa’ban languages of Sarawak". Sarawak Museum Journal 20: 40-41, 45-47.
- Clayre, Beatrice (2014). "A preliminary typology of the languages of Middle Borneo." In Advances in research on cultural and linguistic practices in Borneo, edited by Peter Sercombe, Michael Boutin and Adrian Clynes, 123–151. Phillips, Maine USA: Borneo Research Council.
- Coluzzi . Paolo . 2010 . Endangered Languages in Borneo: A Survey Among the Iban and Murut (lun Bawang) in Temburong, Brunei . Oceanic Linguistics . en . 49 . 1 . 119–143 . 10.1353/ol.0.0063. 144349072 .
- Crain, JB (1982). "A Lun Dayeh Engagement Negotiation in Studies of Ethnic Minority Peoples." Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography Singapour (1):142-178.
- Deegan, James (1970). "Some Lun Bawang Spirit Chants." The Sarawak Museum Journal 18 (36–37):264–280.
- Deegan, James, and Robin Usad (1972). "Upai Kasan: A Lun Bawang Folktale". Sarawak Museum Journal 20:107–144.
- Ganang, Ricky, Jay Bouton Crain, and Vicki Pearson-Rounds (2008). Kemaloh Lundayeh-English Dictionary: And, Bibliographic List of Materials Relating to the Lundayeh-Lun Bawang-Kelabit and Related Groups of Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei and East Kalimantan. Vol. 1: Borneo Research Council.
- Garman, M. A., Griffiths, P. D., & Wales, R. J. (1970). Murut (Lun Buwang) prepositions and noun particles in children's speech. Sarawak Museum Journal, 18, 353–376.
- Lees, Shirley. 1959. "Lun Daye Phonemics". Sarawak Museum Journal 9/13-14: 56–62
- Martin . Peter W. . 1995 . Whiter the Indigenous Languages of Brunei Darussalam? . Oceanic Linguistics . en . 34 . 1 . 27–43 . 10.2307/3623110 . 3623110.
- Omar, A. H. (1983). The Malay peoples of Malaysia and their languages. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.
- Southwell, C. Hudson (1949). ‘The Structure of the Murut Language’. Sarawak Museum Journal 5: 104–115.
