2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election explained
| Election Name: | 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election |
| Country: | India |
| Type: | Legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election |
| Previous Year: | 2017 |
| Election Date: | 20 February 2022 |
| Seats For Election: | All 117 seats in the Punjab Legislative Assembly |
| Majority Seats: | 59 |
| Opinion Polls: | - Opinion polls
|
| Turnout: | 72.15% (5.05%)[1] |
| Party1: | Aam Aadmi Party |
| Image1: | Bhagwant Mann.png |
| Leader1: | Bhagwant Mann |
| Leader Since1: | 2019[2] |
| Alliance1: | - |
| Leaders Seat1: | Dhuri |
| Last Election1: | 23.72%, 20 seats |
| Seats1: | 92 |
| Seat Change1: | 72 |
| Popular Vote1: | 6,538,783 |
| Percentage1: | 42.01% |
| Swing1: | 18.29% |
| Party2: | Indian National Congress |
| Leader2: | Charanjit Singh Channi |
| Alliance2: | United Progressive Alliance |
| Leader Since2: | 2021 |
| Leaders Seat2: | Chamkaur Sahib,
Bhadaur
(both lost) |
| Last Election2: | 38.50%, 77 seats |
| Seats2: | 18 |
| Seat Change2: | 59 |
| Popular Vote2: | 3,576,684 |
| Percentage2: | 22.98% |
| Swing2: | 15.52% |
| Party3: | Shiromani Akali Dal |
| Leader3: | Sukhbir Singh Badal |
| Alliance3: | SAD+ |
| Leader Since3: | 2019 |
| Leaders Seat3: | Jalalabad
(lost) |
| Last Election3: | 25.24%, 15 seats |
| Seats3: | 3 |
| Seat Change3: | 12 |
| Popular Vote3: | 2,861,286 |
| Percentage3: | 18.38% |
| Swing3: | 6.86% |
| Map Size: | 350px |
| Chief Minister |
| Before Election: | Charanjit Singh Channi |
| Before Party: | Indian National Congress |
| After Election: | Bhagwant Mann |
| After Party: | Aam Aadmi Party |
| Next Election: | Next Punjab Legislative Assembly election |
| Next Year: | 2027 |
| Outgoing Members: | 15th Punjab Assembly |
| Elected Members: | 16th Punjab Assembly |
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Punjab on 20 February 2022 to elect the 117 members of the 16th Assembly of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 10 March 2022.
The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly by winning 92 out of 117 seats. AAP Punjab convener and MP Bhagwant Mann was sworn in as Chief Minister on 16 March 2022.[3] Mann ministry was formed with 10 cabinet ministers on 19 March 2022.[4]
Background and overview
The tenure of the Punjab Legislative Assembly was scheduled to end on 23 March 2022.[5] The previous assembly elections were held in February 2017. After the election, Indian National Congress formed the state government, with Amarinder Singh becoming Chief Minister.[6]
Political developments
See also: 2021 Indian Punjab political crisis. On 18 September 2021, Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh resigned over differences with other members of Congress and was succeeded by Charanjit Singh Channi.[7] [8] On 27 October 2021, Singh announced he would be forming a new party to contest the election.[9] He officially resigned from Indian National Congress on 2 November 2021, and founded a new political party, Punjab Lok Congress.[10]
Between June and November 2021, five AAP MLAs joined Congress.[11] [12]
In the 2021 Chandigarh Municipal Corporation election that occurred in December 2021, the Aam Aadmi Party won 14 seats and became the single largest party in the council of total 35 seats.[13]
As of January 2022, four Congress MLAs joined BJP, one of which returned.[14] [15]
On 18 January 2022, AAP declared Bhagwant Mann as their Chief Ministerial candidate for the assembly election.[16]
On 6 February, Congress leader Rahul Gandhi announced incumbent Chief Minister Charanjit Singh Channi as their Chief Ministerial candidate.
Farmers' protests
See main article: 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest. The Parliament of India passed 3 agricultural farm laws in Lok Sabha on 17 September 2020 and in the Rajya Sabha on 20 September 2020.[17] The President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, gave his assent on 27 September 2020.[18] Farmers and farmers unions held massive protests over a period of more than a year mainly in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. On 19 November 2021, the union government decided to repeal the bills.[19]
Election schedule
The election schedule was announced by the Election Commission of India on 8 January 2022.[20] However, the election date was postponed from 14 February 2022 to 20 February 2022 on account of Guru Ravidass Jayanti.[21]
| S.No. | Event | Date | Day |
|---|
| 1. | Date for nominations | 25 January 2022 | Tuesday |
|---|
| 2. | Last date for filing nominations | 1 February 2022 | Tuesday |
|---|
| 3. | Date for scrutiny of nominations | 2 February 2022 | Wednesday |
|---|
| 4. | Last date for withdrawal of candidatures | 4 February 2022 | Friday |
|---|
| 5. | Date of poll | 20 February 2022 | Sunday |
|---|
| 6. | Date of counting | 10 March 2022 | Thursday |
|---|
| 7. | Date before which election shall be completed | 12 March 2022 | Saturday | |
|---|
Voter statistics
According to Punjab Election Commission, 1,304 candidates contested the election and there were 21,499,804 registered voters in the state.[22]
| S.No. | Types | Voters |
|---|
| 1 | General voters | 20,721,026 |
|---|
| 2 | People with disabilities | 158,341 |
|---|
| 3 | Service voters | 109,624 |
|---|
| 4 | Non resident Indian voters | 1,608 |
|---|
| 5 | Voters above the age of 80 | 509,205 |
|---|
| 6 | Total | 21,499,804 | |
|---|
Parties and alliances
SAD dissolved its alliance with the BJP, which had lasted over two decades, over the controversial Farm Bills passed by the Indian Parliament in 2020.[23] On 13 June 2021, SAD and BSP announced an alliance for the assembly election with 97-20 seat sharing. On 28 December 2021, BJP, PLC and SAD(S) announced an alliance for the assembly elections.[24]
AAP contested on all the seats without any alliance.[25]
Chief Ministerial candidate was Charanjit Singh Channi.[26]
Chief Ministerial candidate was Bhagwant Mann.
Chief Ministerial candidate was Sukhbir Singh Badal.[28]
NDA contested the election without a Chief Ministerial face.[30]
PLC was allotted 37 seats, but only contested in 34 seats after it could not find candidates to run in 3 seats. The three seats were returned to BJP.[31] 4 Candidates of PLC contested on BJP symbol.[32]
Chief Ministerial candidate was Balbir Singh Rajewal.[34]
Others
Candidates
AAP CM candidate Bhagwant Mann contested from Dhuri.
Congress leader and CM Charanjit Singh Channi contested from Chamkaur Sahib and Bhadaur, and former CM Rajinder Kaur Bhattal contested from Lehragaga from INC.[38]
Former CM, Prakash Singh Badal, member of Shiromani Akali Dal, contested from Lambi. While SAD-BSP alliance’s CM candidate Sukhbir Singh Badal contested from Jalalabad. Former CM, Amarinder Singh, member of Punjab Lok Congress (PLC) contested from Patiala Urban.[39]
There were total 1304 candidates in fray. 2266 candidates filed their nominations and out of these, 1645 found valid. 341 withdrew their candidature.[40]
- (Names of the winning candidates are in bold text)
Campaigns
Samyukt Kisan Morcha (SKM), the umbrella body of farmers, campaigned against the ruling BJP by organising public meetings and rallies asking farmers to not vote for BJP.[44] SKM had organised the 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest against the controversial three farm acts which were passed by the BJP-led Union Government in the BJP controlled Parliament of India in September 2020. These laws were eventually withdrawn by the Union government.
On 31 January 2022, the farmer leaders observed "Vishwasghat Diwas" (treachery day) across India after the Union government failed to fulfill promises that were made to the farmers during the withdrawal of agitation against three farm laws. SKM leaders have warned that the farm laws may be re-introduced if BJP wins the elections.[45]
Policy positions
Farm Laws
BJP's Union Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar in December 2021, had said that BJP brought the 3 agriculture amendment laws (repealed in 2021). "But the government is not disappointed. We moved a step back and we will move forward again because farmers are India’s backbone."[46]
The AAP is against the farm laws and had supported the farmers' unions during their year-long protest against the farm laws.[47]
Campaigning
Indian National Congress
Congress party started their campaign from Atamnagar, Ludhiana with CM Charanjit Singh Channi and Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee president Navjot Singh Sidhu.[48]
Shiromani Akali Dal
In March 2021, Shiromani Akali Dal began holding rallies and protests under slogan "Punjab Mangda Jawaab" led by party president Sukhbir Singh Badal that criticised Amarinder Singh over issues including a power tariff hike, the value-added tax (VAT) on fuel and his loan waiver promise.[49] [50] [51]
Aam Aadmi Party
In March 2021, Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal held a Kisaan Mahapanchayat at Bagha Purana in Moga district and began campaigning for elections.[52] On 28 June 2021, Kejriwal announced in a speech in Chandigarh that 300 units of free electricity would be provided to all Punjabis if the party wins the election.[53] On 30 September 2021, Kejriwal also announced that if AAP wins the election, his government would build Mohalla Clinics in Punjab that would provide free healthcare facilities.[54] On 22 November 2021, Arvind Kejriwal announced that if AAP wins Punjab then 1,000 rupees will be given to every women above 18 years of age.[55]
On 9 February, Aam Aadmi Party’s chief ministerial candidate and MP, Bhagwant Mann raised issues about farmers in the Lok Sabha. The payment to sugarcane farmers for the year 2020-21 and 2021-22 had been pending. He appealed for clearing the due early along with interest. He asked for compensation for the losses in cotton farmers due to the pest attack. he asked that the Union government should recognise the farmers who died during the 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest.[56]
Anmol Gagan Maan sang the campaign song for AAP, "Bhagat Singh, Kartar Sarabha saare hi ban challe, bhai hun jaago aaiyaan, sarkaar badlan challey, bhai hun jaago aaiyaan". Indian Express called the song a "huge hit during campaigning".[57]
Bahujan Samaj Party
On 31 December 2020, Bahujan Samaj Party cadres, led by state president Jasbir Singh Garhi, first gathered at Shambhu border and then left in a cavalcade of 100 cars to join the protest and show solidarity to the farmers. They also waved banners in support of farmers and on unity of farmers and labourers, as most number of labourers come from the Scheduled Castes. It was the first time that a political party was part of the farmers protest in such large numbers.[58]
Garhi has also criticised what he argues are lies and corruption of the incumbent government on the subject of the implementation of Post Metric Scholarship Scheme, calling it the "Scholarship Scheme Scam".[59]
Bharatiya Janata Party
After two years, In election year Modi came to Punjab for a public rally after repealing controversial Farm Laws for NDA.[60] However, rally was cancelled due to farmers protest at Ferozpur–Moga road.[61]
Campaign controversies
Election Commission of India
On 8 January 2022, Election Commission of India announced ban on physical rallies until 15 January, due to high positivity rate of COVID-19.[62] ECI further extended the ban until 22 January.[63] The ban was further extended to 31 January 2022.[64]
INC
Manish Tewari, the only MP from Congress in Punjab was not included in the list of start campaigners. Senior leader Ghulam Nabi Azad was also left out. The two leaders had written to Congress president asking for reforms in Congress party.[65] Sunil Jakhar claimed he wasn't made Chief Minister despite having the support of the most 42 MLAs, and quit from active politics few days later.[66]
Campaign finance
ECI increased the expenditure limit to ₹40 lakh.[67]
Dynasty politics
See main article: Political families of Punjab, India.
Shiromani Akali Dal
- Former Deputy CM Sukhbir Singh Badal, Son of Former CM Parkash Singh Badal is contesting from Jalalabad.[68]
- Former Punjab Minister Tota Singh is contesting from Dharamkot and his son Barjinder Singh Makhan Brar is contesting from Moga.[69]
- Former Anandpur Sahib Lok Sabha MP Prem Singh Chandumajra is contesting from Ghanaur and his son Harinderpal Singh Chandumajra (incumbent MLA) is contesting from Sanour.[70]
Indian National Congress
Congress has decided to follow 'one family, one ticket' norm while selecting party candidates for the upcoming assembly elections in Punjab.[71]
- Manish Bansal, son of Pawan Kumar Bansal, former Minister of Railways is contesting from Barnala.[72]
- Smit Singh, nephew of Navjot Singh Sidhu is contesting from Amargarh.[73]
- Vikram Bajwa, son-in-law of Rajinder Kaur Bhattal is contesting from Sahnewal.[74]
Poll predictions
Opinion polls
Polling aggregates| Active Parties |
| Indian National Congress |
| Aam Aadmi Party |
| Shiromani Akali Dal+ |
| Others< | -- | - | EventsCOVID-19 pandemic
emergency declared|-| style="padding: 0 5px;" | Debates-->|}| Date published | Polling agency | | | | | | Lead | Remarks |
|---|
| UPA | AAP | SAD+ | NDA | Others |
|---|
| ABP News - C-Voter[84] | 24-30 | 55-63 | 20-26 | 3-11 | 0-2 | 25-39 | Hung | | Polstrat-NewsX | 42-45 | 52-55 | 17-20 | 0-2 | 0-1 | 7-13 | Hung | | ABP News - C-Voter | 37-43 | 52-58 | 17-23 | 1-3 | 0-1 | 9-21 | Hung | | Polstrat-NewsX | 40-45 | 47-52 | 22-26 | 1-2 | 0-1 | 2-12 | Hung | | ABP News - C-Voter | 39-45 | 50-56 | 17-23 | 0-3 | 0-1 | 5-16 | Hung | | ABP News - C-Voter | 42-50 | 47-53 | 16-24 | 0-1 | 0-1 | 0-11 | Hung | | ABP News - C-Voter | 39-47 | 49-55 | 17-25 | 0-1 | 0-1 | 2-16 | Hung | | ABP News - C-Voter | 38-46 | 51-57 | 16-24 | 0-1 | 0-1 | 5-19 | Hung | | ABP News - C-Voter | 43-49 | 51-57 | 12-18 | 0-3 | 0-5 | 2-14 | Hung | |
Exit polls
The Election Commission banned the media from publishing exit polls between 7 AM on 10 February 2022 and 6:30 PM on 7 March 2022. Violation of the directive would be punishable with two years of imprisonment.[85] Accordingly the exit polls below were published in the evening of 7 March.
Incidents
Voting Machine malfunction
Electronic Voter Machine (EVM) malfunction was reported at several places.[96] AAP reported these incidents to the Election Commission.[97]
Voter turnout
Source:[98]
Results
Results by alliance and party
| Alliance | Party | Popular vote | Seats |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Contested | Won [99] | Change |
|---|
| None | | | 6,538,783 | 42.01% | 18.31 | 117 | 92 | 72 |
|---|
| UPA | | Indian National Congress | 3,576,684 | 22.98% | 15.52 | 117 | 18 | 59 |
|---|
| SAD+ | | Shiromani Akali Dal | 2,861,286 | 18.38% | 6.82 | 97 | 3 | 12 |
|---|
| Bahujan Samaj Party | 275,232 | 1.77% | 0.27 | 20 | 1 | 1 | | Total | 3,136,518 | 20.15% | | 117 | 4 | 11 | | NDA | | | 1,027,143 | 6.6% | 1.2 | 73 | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| Punjab Lok Congress | 84,697 | 0.54% | 0.54 | 28 | 0 | New | | Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt) | 91,995 | 0.59% | | 15 | 0 | New | | Total | 1,203,835 | 7.73% | | 116 | 2 | 1 | | None | | Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) | 386,176 | 2.48% | 2.18 | 0 | | |
|---|
| Lok Insaaf Party | 43,229 | 0.28% | 0.92 | | | | | Independents | 457,410 | 2.94% | | 0 | 1 | 1 | | Others | | 0.72% | | | 0 | 2 | | NOTA | 110,308 | 0.71% | | |
|---|
| Total | | | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Valid votes | | | |
|---|
| Invalid votes | | | | Votes cast/ turnout | | | | Abstentions | | | | Registered voters | | | |
Results by region
bgcolor="" | AAP | UPA | SAD+ | NDA | Others | | Malwa | 69 | 66 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| Majha | 25 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
|---|
| Doaba | 23 | 10 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
|---|
| Total | 117 | 92 | 18 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |
|---|
Results by division
bgcolor="" | AAP | UPA | SAD+ | NDA | Others | | Jalandhar | 45 | 25 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
|---|
| Patiala | 35 | 34 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| Firozpur | 16 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| Faridkot | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| Rupnagar | 9 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| Total | 117 | 92 | 18 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |
|---|
Results by district
Results by constituency
Government formation
See also
References
|
|---|
Notes and References
- Web site: 22 February 2022. Poll panel revises Punjab voter turnout to 71.95%. 22 February 2022. The Indian Express. en.
- News: A year after exit Bhagwant Mann reappointed Punjab Aam Aadmi Party Chief. Mohammad Ghazali. NDTV. 31 January 2019. 16 March 2022.
- News: 16 March 2022 . AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister . en-IN . The Hindu . 22 March 2022 . 0971-751X.
- Web site: 20 March 2022 . AAP govt in Punjab: 10 cabinet ministers take oath as Team Mann takes guard . 22 March 2022 . Hindustan Times . en.
- Web site: Terms of the Houses . https://web.archive.org/web/20211117044324/https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/ . 17 November 2021 . 4 October 2021 . Election Commission of India . en-IN.
- News: 16 March 2017. Amarinder Singh sworn in as Punjab CM. en-IN. The Hindu. 8 January 2022. 0971-751X.
- Web site: 19 September 2021. Who is Charanjit Singh Channi, the new Punjab chief minister. The Times of India. 20 September 2021.
- Web site: 18 September 2021. Amarinder Singh resigns as Punjab chief minister, says 'I felt humiliated'. 21 January 2022. Hindustan Times. en.
- News: Yes, I will be forming a new party, says Amarinder Singh; will soon share name and symbol . The Free Press Journal. 27 October 2021 . 27 October 2021.
- News: 2 November 2021. Amarinder Singh resigns from Congress; announces new party Punjab Lok Congress. en-IN. The Hindu. 5 November 2021. 0971-751X.
- Web site: Sukhpal Khaira among 3 rebel AAP MLAs join Congress, Capt presides over event before leaving for Delhi. live. 15 November 2021. Tribuneindia News Service. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20210603065810/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sukhpal-khaira-among-3-rebel-aap-mlas-join-congress-capt-presides-over-event-before-leaving-for-delhi-262807 . 3 June 2021 .
- Web site: Punjab: One more AAP MLA Joins Congress Ahead Of 2022 Assembly Polls. 31 January 2022. Outlook India.
- News: Chandigarh Municipal Corporation Election Results Updates: AAP wins 14 seats, emerges as single largest party . 27 December 2021 . India Today . 27 December 2021 . en.
- Web site: Punjab Congress MLA Dropped For Sonu Sood's Sister Joins BJP. 1 February 2022. NDTV.com.
- Web site: 2 Punjab Congress MLAs Join BJP In Big Jolt Ahead Of Polls. 1 February 2022. NDTV.com.
- Web site: 18 January 2022. Punjab election: AAP announces Bhagwant Mann as its chief ministerial candidate. 18 January 2022. Hindustan Times. en.
- Web site: Parliament passes The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020 and The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement and Farm Services Bill, 2020. 21 December 2020. pib.gov.in.
- Web site: 27 September 2020. President Kovind gives his assent for 3 farm bills passed by Parliament. 6 October 2020. mint. en.
- Web site: 19 November 2021. Bowing to protests, India's Modi agrees to repeal farm laws. 21 January 2022. AP NEWS. en.
- Web site: 8 January 2022. Assembly elections 2022: Check complete schedule for Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Goa, Manipur & Punjab. 8 January 2022. Hindustan Times. en.
- Web site: 17 January 2022. EC Defers Punjab Polls to Feb 20 After Parties Seek Fresh Date Due to Guru Ravidas Jayanti. 17 January 2022. News18. en.
- Web site: 11 February 2022. Punjab polls: 2 Transgenders, 93 Women among 1304 candidates in fray. 13 February 2022. The Statesman. en-US.
- News: 27 September 2020. After quitting govt, BJP's 'oldest ally' Akali Dal walks out of NDA. en. The Times of India. 14 April 2021.
- Web site: 28 December 2021. 2022 polls: BJP, Punjab Lok Congress, SAD (Sanyukt) announce alliance. 8 January 2022. Hindustan Times. en.
- Web site: 16 March 2018. LIP breaks alliance with AAP over Kejriwal apology. 15 November 2021. Hindustan Times. en.
- Web site: 6 February 2022. Charanjit Singh Channi to be Congress CM face in Punjab, announces Rahul Gandhi. 6 February 2022. Hindustan Times. en.
- Web site: Party Wise Candidate Details. ceopunjab.gov.in.
- News: Sandhu. Kamaljit Kaur. 2 February 2021. Punjab polls: Sukhbir Badal CM face of Shiromani Akali Dal, no question of alliance with BJP, says Parkash Singh. 6 February 2022. India Today. en.
- Web site: 13 June 2021. Punjab: SAD, BSP announce tie-up, 97-20 seat-sharing pact. live. 1 November 2021. The Times of India. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20210613050651/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/punjab-sad-bsp-announce-tie-up-97-20-seat-sharing-pact/articleshow/83475422.cms . 13 June 2021 .
- Web site: 1 February 2022. Punjab assembly elections: BJP to contest without CM face, says Union minister Meenakshi Lekhi. 6 February 2022. Hindustan Times. en.
- News: Punjab: Not able to find candidates, PLC returns 3 seats . 5 February 2022 . The Indian Express . 1 February 2022 . en.
- Web site: Punjab Polls: 37 seats proving hard task for Amarinder Singh, struggles to find names. 4 February 2022.
- Web site: 28 December 2021. 2022 polls: BJP, Punjab Lok Congress, SAD (Sanyukt) announce alliance. 29 December 2021. Hindustan Times. en.
- Web site: 26 December 2021. किसान आंदोलन का चेहरा रहे, पंजाब चुनाव में बने CM फेस, जानिए कौन हैं बलवीर सिंह राजेवाल. 6 February 2022. News18 हिंदी. hi.
- Web site: 17 January 2022. Sanyukt Samaj Morcha declares tie-up with Chaduni faction for Punjab Assembly polls. 20 January 2022. ThePrint. en-US.
- News: 20 January 2022. Sanyukt Samaj Morcha allies with SSP; Chaduni faction to contest 10 seats. Business Standard India. 24 January 2022.
- News: SSM: SSM Candidates Will Fight As Independents. 3 February 2022. The Times of India. 3 February 2022. en.
- Web site: Punjab polls: Cong fields CM Channi from two seats, replaces three MLAs. 31 January 2022. www.telegraphindia.com. en.
- Web site: Punjab Election 2022: Full list of BJP-Punjab Lok Congress candidates and their constituencies. 22 January 2022. The Financial Express. en.
- News: 1304 candidates in fray for February 20 Punjab Election. Business Standard. 6 February 2022.
- Web site: Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress candidates. 22 January 2022. The Financial Express. en.
- Web site: Punjab Election 2022: Complete List of AAP Candidates, Check Names HERE. live. 22 January 2022. www.india.com. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20220122030948/https://www.india.com/news/india/punjab-election-2022-complete-list-of-aap-candidates-check-names-announced-5198549/ . 22 January 2022 .
- News: Ludhiana: SAD-BSP candidate Pritpal Singh Palli booked for making 'casteist' remarks . 9 February 2022 . Tribuneindia News Service . en.
- News: यूपी चुनाव में योगी आदित्यनाथ और अमित शाह की नई टेंशन क्या है? . 8 February 2022 . BBC News हिंदी . 4 February 2022 . hi.
- News: Anti-farmer laws may be back if BJP returns to power: SKM . 9 February 2022 . Hindustan Times . 9 February 2022 . en.
- News: Centre will bring back farm laws after Assembly polls, says Congress . 9 February 2022 . The Hindu . 25 December 2021 . en-IN.
- News: Farm laws like death warrants that must be taken back, says AAP's Sanjay Singh . 9 February 2022 . Hindustan Times . 31 January 2021 . en.
- Web site: 23 November 2021. Channi, Sidhu blow poll bugle in Ludhiana: 'will together create sunehra Punjab'. 21 January 2022. The Indian Express. en.
- Web site: 9 March 2021. Disclose one landmark achievement of your 4-yr term: Sukhbir to CM. 9 March 2021. The Times of India. en.
- Web site: 9 March 2021. 'Punjab Mangda Hisab': Sukhbir targets Capt govt over power tariff hike. 9 March 2021. The Indian Express. en.
- Web site: Sukhbir Badal attacks Amarinder Singh on power tariff, VAT on fuel, loan waiver promise. 9 March 2021. in.news.yahoo.com. en-IN.
- Web site: Sethi. Chitleen K.. 29 March 2021. AAP sounds poll bugle in Punjab, but dissent, leadership crisis cloud 2022 hopes. 30 March 2021. ThePrint. en-US.
- Web site: 28 June 2021. Ashutosh. Mishra. Arvind Kejriwal says free electricity for all in Punjab if AAP wins 2022 assembly election. 30 June 2021. India Today. en.
- Web site: 1 October 2021. Free treatment, medicines at govt hospitals if AAP voted to power in Punjab: Arvind Kejriwal . live. 2 October 2021. The Times of India. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20211001050125/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/free-treatment-medicines-at-govt-hospitals-if-aap-voted-to-power-in-punjab-arvind-kejriwal/articleshow/86670509.cms . 1 October 2021 .
- Web site: 23 November 2021. Punjab polls: Kejriwal promises Rs 1,000 per month to every woman. 21 January 2022. The Indian Express. en.
- News: Bhagwant Mann attends Lok Sabha session, raises farmers' issues . 9 February 2022 . 10 February 2022 . Tribune . en.
- News: Goyal . Divya . The Chosen 13: 'Padwoman', Moga's doctor among Punjab's women MLAs . 20 March 2022 . The Indian Express . 12 March 2022 . en.
- Web site: 1 January 2021. IP. Singh. BSP joins farmers protest at Singhu border on New Year eve. 25 April 2021. The Times of India. en.
- Web site: Massive protest by BSP against farm bills, announces support to Punjab bandh on 25 September. 25 April 2021. www.babushahi.com.
- Web site: 1 January 2022. 'Punjab will give rousing welcome to PM Modi on Jan 5'. 21 January 2022. Hindustan Times. en.
- Web site: PM Modi cancels Ferozepur visit after farmers block roads. live. 21 January 2022. Tribuneindia News Service. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20220105045241/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/pm-modi-to-visit-punjab-after-2-years-today-will-inaugurate-projects-worth-over-rs-42-750-crore-358355 . 5 January 2022 .
- News: 8 January 2022. Punjab polls on Feb 14; virtual rallies till Jan 15. en. The Tribune. 9 January 2022.
- Web site: EC extends ban on physical rallies in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Manipur, Goa till Jan 22. 16 January 2022. India Today. en.
- Web site: 22 January 2022. Breaking: EC extends ban on public rallies, roadshows till January 31. 24 January 2022. mint. en.
- News: Manish Tewari's Swipe At Congress Over Punjab Campaign List: "No Secret" . 5 February 2022 . NDTV.com . 5 February 2022.
- Web site: "Out Of Active Politics": Punjab Congressman Days After "42 MLAs" Claim. 10 February 2022. NDTV.com.
- Web site: Election Commission announces 7-phase elections from February 10; Punjab votes on February 14. 9 January 2022. Tribuneindia News Service. en. 9 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220109144301/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/election-commission-announces-7-phase-elections-from-february-10-punjab-votes-on-february-14-359368. dead.
- Web site: 15 March 2021. Sukhbir Badal: Will contest from Jalalabad in 2022 Punjab polls. 21 January 2022. The Indian Express. en.
- Web site: 6 December 2016. Father, son get SAD tickets from Moga, partymen doubt their winnability. 21 January 2022. The Indian Express. en.
- Web site: 12 November 2021. Ticket to Chandumajra- resentment in SAD leaders over ticket allocation. 21 January 2022. Royal Patiala. en-US.
- Web site: 11 January 2022. Congress to follow 'one family, one ticket' rule for Punjab Assembly election. live. 21 January 2022. India Today. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20220111180826/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/punjab-assembly-polls-2022/story/congress-one-family-one-ticket-rule-punjab-assembly-election-1898879-2022-01-11 . 11 January 2022 .
- Web site: Congress fields CM Channi from a second seat, Pawan Bansal's son in Barnala, ex-mayor against Capt Amarinder. 5 February 2022. Tribuneindia News Service. en.
- Web site: 2 February 2022. Bharat. Khanna. smit: Sidhu Seeks Votes For Nephew Smit. 5 February 2022. The Times of India. en.
- Web site: Punjab Assembly poll: Ex-CMs Harcharan Brar, Rajinder Kaur Bhattal's kin on Congress' 2nd list. 5 February 2022. Tribuneindia News Service. en.
- Web site: CVoter Survey: AAP Nears Majority Mark In Punjab, Projected Much Ahead Of Congress. 8 February 2022. ABP Live. 7 February 2022. en.
- Web site: 23 January 2022. Polstrat-NewsX Pre-Poll Survey 2: Who's winning Punjab?. 26 January 2022. NewsX. en.
- Web site: Punjab ABP News-CVoter Opinion Poll: AAP Favourite, CM Channi-Led Congress Gets Stronger. live. 10 January 2022. ABP Live. 10 January 2022. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20220110120522/https://news.abplive.com/elections/abp-news-cvoter-survey-january-punjab-election-2022-opinion-polls-vote-share-seat-sharing-kbm-sad-aap-bjp-congress-1505478 . 10 January 2022 .
- News: Polstrat-NewsX Pre-Poll Survey Results: Who's winning Punjab? . 24 December 2021 . NewsX . "The Aam Aadmi Party, seeking to solidify its position in Punjab, is predicted to defeat Congress with a small margin by winning 47-52 seats with a 38.83% vote share." . 22 December 2021 . en.
- Web site: 11 December 2021. ABP News-CVoter Survey: AAP Most Favourite In Punjab, BJP Could Retain Uttarakhand. 11 December 2021. news.abplive.com. en.
- Web site: 12 November 2021. ABP-CVoter Survey: AAP To Emerge As Single Largest Party In Punjab, BJP To Bag 0-1 Seat. live. 14 November 2021. news.abplive.com. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20211112121712/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-c-voter-survey-november-opinion-polls-punjab-election-2022-vote-share-seat-sharing-kbm-bjp-congress-sad-aap-1492996 . 12 November 2021 .
- Web site: 8 October 2021. ABP-CVoter Survey: Will Punjab Congress Crisis Benefit AAP, SAD-BSP Alliance In Election?. live. 9 October 2021. news.abplive.com. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20211008120211/https://news.abplive.com/news/india/abp-news-cvoter-survey-snap-poll-punjab-election-2022-kaun-banerga-mukhyamantri-final-vote-share-seat-share-1486671 . 8 October 2021 .
- Web site: Menon. Aditya. 4 September 2021. ABP-CVoter Survey's Biggest Takeaway: AAP Is Harming Congress in 3 States. 4 September 2021. TheQuint. en.
- Web site: ABP News Bureau. 19 March 2021. ABP-CVoter Survey, Punjab Predictions: In Battle Between Congress & AAP, Where Does SAD, BJP Stand?. 11 July 2021. news.abplive.com. en.
- Web site: ABP News-CVoter Survey: AAP Nears Majority Mark In Punjab, Projected Much Ahead Of Congress. 8 February 2022. ABP Live. 7 February 2022. en.
- News: EC bans exit polls in five election-bound states between February 10 and March 7 . 8 February 2022 . Scroll.in.
- Web site: 7 March 2022 . ABP News-CVoter Punjab Exit Poll 2022: AAP Way Ahead But Will It Form Govt? . 9 March 2022 . news.abplive.com . en.
- News: पंजाब में भास्कर एग्जिट पोल:AAP सबसे बड़ी पार्टी मगर डेरा फैक्टर से अकालियों ने बिगाड़ा खेल, 53 साल बाद पहली बार त्रिशंकु विधानसभा के आसार . 10 March 2022 . 7 March 2022.
- Web site: 7 March 2022 . TV9-Polstrat, most exit polls give UP, Manipur to BJP; Punjab to AAP; Uttarakhand, Goa hung . 9 March 2022 . NEWS9LIVE . en.
- Web site: 7 March 2022. Axis My India Exit Poll: AAP likely to sweep Punjab with 76-90 seats . 7 March 2022 . India Today . en.
- Web site: Dash . Nivedita . 7 March 2022 . Exit Polls 2022: AAP or Congress in Punjab? Here's what CNX, Ground Zero Research show . 7 March 2022 . www.indiatvnews.com . en . 7 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220307160006/https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/exit-polls-2022-aap-set-to-win-punjab-shows-ground-zero-research-cnx-research-congress-2022-03-07-763149 . dead .
- Web site: 7 March 2022 . Assembly elections 2022 exit polls live: News24-Today's Chanakya projects BJP win in UP, U'khand; AAP in Punjab . 7 March 2022 . Hindustan Times . en.
- Web site: 7 March 2022 . Republic-P-MAQRQ exit poll: AAP set for big win in Punjab . 9 March 2022 . www.oneindia.com . en.
- Web site: 7 March 2022 . Times Now-Veto Exit Poll 2022: Here's how UP, Punjab, Goa, Uttarakhand and Manipur fare; check details . 7 March 2022 . TimesNow . en.
- Web site: 7 March 2022 . Punjab Election Exit Poll Results 2022: पंजाबमध्ये आपच्या हाती सत्ता, काँग्रेस दुसऱ्या नंबरला तर भाजप?; वाचा एक्झिट पोल काय सांगतो? . 7 March 2022 . TV9 Marathi . mr.
- Web site: 7 March 2022 . Zee Exit poll 2022: BJP set to win UP, Manipur; AAP to sweep Punjab, Congress may form govt in Uttarakhand and Goa . 7 March 2022 . Zee News . en.
- News: पंजाब में कई मतदान केंद्रों पर EVM हुई खराब, कोई पोलिंग बूथ पर लगी लंबी लाइनें . 24 February 2022 . PTC News . 20 February 2022 . en.
- News: Punjab Elections 2022: AAP flags EVM glitch, voting delayed in several places . 24 February 2022 . PTC News . 20 February 2022 . en.
- Web site: Constituency-wise voter turnout . www.ceopunjab.gov.in .
- Web site: Punjab Results Live . results.eci.gov.in . Election Commission of India . 10 March 2022.
- News: All Winners List of Punjab Assembly Election 2022 Punjab Vidhan Sabha Elections . 10 March 2022 . News18 . en.
