Punctum (gastropod) explained

Punctum is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Punctinae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.^[1]

Distribution

This genus is found throughout the Holarctic ecozone, and also in South Africa and Mexico.^[2]

Species

The genus Punctum includes the following species:

The type species is Helix minutissima Lea, 1841

• Punctum abbadianum (Bourguignat, 1883)
• Punctum adami Bruggen & Goethem, 2001
• † Punctum alveus Pierce, 1992
• Punctum amblygonum (Reinhardt, 1877)
• Punctum apertum Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
• Punctum atomus Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
• Punctum azoricum De Winter, 1988^[3]
• Punctum blandianum Pilsbry, 1900
• Punctum boreale Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905
• Punctum bristoli (Gulick,1904)
• Punctum brucei (Jickeli, 1874)
• Punctum californicum Pilsbry, 1898
• Punctum camerunense de Winter, 2017
• Punctum depressum Odhner, 1922
• Punctum elachistum Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
• Punctum hainanensis (Möllendorff, 1887)
• Punctum hannai B. Roth, 1985
• Punctum horneri Ancey, 1904
• Punctum infans Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904
• Punctum japonicum Pilsbry, 1900
• Punctum kilimanjaricum Verdcourt, 1978
• Punctum lepta (Westerlund, 1883)
• Punctum lozeki Horsák & Meng, 2018
• Punctum micropleuros (Paget, 1854)
• Punctum minutissimum I. Lea, 1841 – but Helix minutissima may be considered as a synonym of Punctum pygmaeum^[4]
• Punctum mokotoense Abdou & Bouchet, 2000
• Punctum morseanum Pilsbry, 1902
• Punctum nimbaense de Winter, 2017
• † Punctum oligocaenicum Zinndorf, 1901
• Punctum orphana (Heude, 1882)
• Punctum pallidum Connolly, 1922^[5]
• † Punctum parvulum Gottschick, 1920
• † Punctum parvulum A. B. Leonard, 1972 (unreplaced junior homonym; junior homonym of † Punctum parvulum Gottschick, 1920; no replacement name is available))
• † Punctum patagonicum Miquel & P. E. Rodriguez, 2016
• Punctum petiti Fischer-Piette & Vukadinovic, 1971
• Punctum polynesicum Solem, 1983
• † Punctum propygmaeum Andreae, 1904
• † Punctum pumilio Jooss, 1918
• Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801)^{[6] [3]} – type species
• Punctum randolphi Dall, 1895
• Punctum rota Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904
• Punctum seychellarum Gerlach, 1998
• Punctum smithi Morrison, 1935
• Punctum taiwanicum Pilsbry & Hirase, 1905
• Punctum ugandanum (E. A. Smith, 1903)^[5]
• Punctum ussuriense Likharev & Rammelmeyer, 1952
• Punctum vitreum H. B. Baker, 1930

Synonyms:

• Punctum (Toltecia) Pilsbry, 1926: synonym of Paralaoma Iredale, 1913
• Punctum abyssinicum (Jickeli, 1874): synonym of Trachycystis abyssinica (Jickeli, 1874)
• Punctum clappi Pilsbry, 1898: synonym of Planogyra clappi (Pilsbry, 1898) (original combination)
• Punctum conicum Odhner, 1922: synonym of Sinployea conica (Odhner, 1922) (original combination)
• Punctum conspectum (Bland, 1865): synonym of Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
• Punctum cryophilum (E. von Martens, 1865): synonym of Toltecia pusilla (Lowe, 1831): synonym of Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852)
• Punctum homalospira (Morelet, 1883): synonym of Psichion homalospira (Morelet, 1883) (superseded combination)
• Punctum hottentotum (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891): synonym of Paralaoma hottentota (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891) (superseded combination)
• Punctum lederi (O. Boettger, 1880): synonym of Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) (invalid combination)
• † Punctum victoris (Michaud, 1862): synonym of † Lucilla victoris (Michaud, 1862)

References

• Fujie, A. (2000). Holocene Fossil Assemblages of Minute Land Molluscs from Sand Dunes on Kikaijima lsland in the Amami Archipelago, Japan. Venus (Journal of the Malacological Society of Japan). 59 (4): 317–324

External links

• AnimalBase info
• Morse, E. S. (1864). Observations on the terrestrial Pulmonifera of Maine, including a catalogue of all the species of terrestrial and fluviatile Mollusca known to inhabit the state. Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History. 1(1): 1–63, pls 1–10
• Pfeiffer, L. (1878–1881). Nomenclator heliceorum viventium. [Posthumous work edited by S. Clessin]. Fischer: Cassel. 617 pp. See Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 for section dates. pp. 1–64, 1878; 65–192, 1879; 193–400, 1879–80; 401–546, 1881; 547–617, 1881

Notes and References

1. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Punctum Morse, 1864. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=866756 on 3 March 2022
2. Pilsbry H.A. 1948. Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monographs, 3, vol. 2 part 2: 521–1113.
3. http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/list/species?taxongenus=317 "Species in genus Punctum"
4. http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/list/speciessynonyms?taxon_id=13906 "Synonyms of Helix pygmaea
5. Wronski T. & Hausdorf B. (2010). "Diversity and body-size patterns of land snails in rain forests in Uganda". Journal of Molluscan Studies 76(1): 87–100. .
6. Draparnaud J. P. R. 1801. Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. pp. [1–2], 1–116. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson).