| Pumpokolic | |
| Region: | Yenisey, possibly also northeast China |
| Familycolor: | dene-yeniseian |
| Ethnicity: | Pumpokol, Jie? |
| Fam2: | Yeniseian |
| Child2: | Jie? |
| Child3: | Arin (obsolete as a member of Pumpokolic) |
| Also Known As: | Arin-Pumpokol (obsolete classification) |
| Map: | Pumpokol language.png |
| Mapcaption: | Pre-contact distribution of Pumpokol. |
| Map2: | Sixteen Kingdoms 338 AD (2).jpg |
| Mapcaption2: | Map of Sixteen Kingdoms in year 338, showing the Later Zhao, a state ruled by the Jie. |
| Glotto: | arin1242 |
| Glottoname: | Arin-Pumpokol (obsolete) |
The Pumpokolic languages (also known as the Arin-Pumpokol,[1] depending on classification or Pumpolic languages) form one of the principal subgroups of the Yeniseian languages. All constituent languages are now extinct.
The classification of this group is debated. Most classify Arin and Pumpokol (and eventually Jie) in a Southern Yeniseian subgroup,[2] but more recently linguists have placed Arin in its separate Arinic branch (sometimes placed as a subgroup of Southern Yeniseian), and classify Pumpokol(ic) as a separate branch of Yeniseian.
Yeniseian
This model is used in Vajda 2024.Yeniseian
This model was introduced in Georg 2007[3] and used in Hölzl 2018.Yeniseian
According to the Southern Yeniseian theory, Pumpokolic may have split from Yeniseian around the 9th century BCE, and would have extended southward to China in the 4th century (Melas (2022).[4] Arin and Pumpokol are then posited to have separated in the 6th century. Arin is believed to have gone extinct in the 1730s and Pumpokol around the early 18th century.