Pumayyaton and Pnytarion's inscriptions explained

Pumayyaton and Pnytarion's inscriptions are two separated inscriptions, Phoenician and Greek, engraved on the same marble base which was found in Gdhi[1] or Gai[2] locality near Dromolaxia.[3] [4] About 3 hundred years after the first inscription, the Phoenician, was engraved, the base was turned upside down and the second inscription, in Greek, was engraved;[5] [6] the inscriptions have no connection and are not a bilingual inscription.[7] Eventually, it was used as a press.[8] It is now exhibited in Larnaca District Archaeological Museum.[9] [10]

Pumayyaton inscription

The inscription mentioning Pumayyaton, king of Kition and Idalion, dedicates a statue in the 34th year of the king's reign:[11] [12] [13]

[In day X] of the month P'LT in the 34th year of King Pumayyaton, king of Kition and Ida[lion]

[son of kin]g Milkyaton, king of Kition and Idalion, this image which gave and erected[...]

The 34th year of Pumayyaton's reign, based on evidence concerning his rule over Tamassos, is c. 328 BC.[14] [15] [16] [17]

In the classical period, Phoenician dedications of statues were engraved on marble bases, but the statues themselves are now lost; only traces on the upper part of the bases can indicate weather the statue was made of marble or of bronze.[18] The statue dedicated in this Phoenician inscription was a bronze statue, fixed to the base with three deep mortises.[19]

Pnytarion inscrition

After the base was turned upside down, a Greek inscription was engraved on it, from the end of the first century BC:[20] [21] [22] [23] [24]

The city and the people (consacrated) Pnytarion, daghter of Hipparch[os]
wife of Asclepidoros, son of
Asclepidoros, himself son of Sillis, who
fullfilled the functions of gymnasiarch and agoranom[os]
the second founder of the sanctuary
[a]nd the high-priest of Asklepius and Hygieia.
The dedication is made for a woman of an "old Cypriot family" allied to Hellenized Semites. Names formed with the component (from "advised") are common in Cyprus, both in syllabic and alphabetical inscriptions, but very rare outside Cyprus. The name of the grandfather, Sillis, is Semitic, and his son and grandson's name, Asclepiodoros, is Greek and correspond with their function as priests of Asclepius, translated to Semitic as Eshmun. The members of the family who held religious power also functioned as held the function of a, linked to military power, and an agoranomos, attested twice in Kition and well-known from Salamis, which perhaps took over the Phoenician function of (chief of commercial agents) known from KAI 34 (one of the Kition necropolis inscriptions).[25]

Sanctuaries for Eshmun and Asclepius?

The Greek inscription might indicate a preceding Phoenician temple to Eshmun in the provenance of the marble base. It can be seggested that the Phoenician inscription dedicated a statue to Eshmun in his temple in the Larnaca salt lake area (where stne veses mentioning Eshmun and dating to 4th century BC were found); although there is no evidence for identification between Eshmun and Asclepius in the classical period, it is likely that the same area served twice as the sanctuary for a medicine god. The Greek inscription affirms that the sanctuary of Asclepius (and Hygieia) was founded by Pnytarion's husband, so it is reasonable to assume that a Phoenician sanctuary for Eshmun was destroyed or fell into disuse, and refounded as a sanctuary dedicated to Asclepius and Hygieia.[26]

Notes and References

  1. Megaw . A. H. S. . 1954 . Archaeology in Cyprus, 1954 . Archaeological Reports . 1 . 31 . 10.2307/581167 . 581167 . 0570-6084.
  2. Mitford . T. B. . 1961 . Further Contributions to the Epigraphy of Cyprus . American Journal of Archaeology . 65 . 2 . 113–114 . 10.2307/502666 . 502666 . 0002-9114.
  3. Mitford . T. B. . 1961 . Further Contributions to the Epigraphy of Cyprus . American Journal of Archaeology . 65 . 2 . 113–114 . 10.2307/502666 . 502666 . 0002-9114.
  4. Web site: Archaeological Museum of Larnaca District . Larnaca Virtual Museums.
  5. Megaw . A. H. S. . 1954 . Archaeology in Cyprus, 1954 . Archaeological Reports . 1 . 31 . 10.2307/581167 . 581167 . 0570-6084.
  6. Web site: Archaeological Museum of Larnaca District . Larnaca Virtual Museums.
  7. Book: Yon, Marguerite . Kition dans les textes . Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations . 2004 . Kition-Bamboula V . 177.
  8. Book: Yon, Marguerite . Kition dans les textes . Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations . 2004 . Kition-Bamboula V . 164.
  9. Web site: Archaeological Museum of Larnaca District . Larnaca Virtual Museums.
  10. Honeyman . A. M. . 1960 . Inscriptions from Cyprus . Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland . 3/4 . 111–112 . 25202364 . 0035-869X.
  11. Book: Yon, Marguerite . Kition dans les textes . Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations . 2004 . Kition-Bamboula V . 177.
  12. Honeyman . A. M. . 1960 . Inscriptions from Cyprus . Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland . 3/4 . 111–112 . 25202364 . 0035-869X.
  13. Naveh . Joseph . 1966 . כתובות פניקיות ופוניות (1964–1960) . לשוננו (Lĕšonénu) . he . 30 . 3 . 233 . 24365333 . 0334-3626.
  14. Book: Yon, Marguerite . Kition dans les textes . Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations . 2004 . Kition-Bamboula V . 177.
  15. Honeyman . A. M. . 1960 . Inscriptions from Cyprus . Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland . 3/4 . 111–112 . 25202364 . 0035-869X.
  16. Book: Hill, George Francis . Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Cyprus . 1964 . xxxiii–xxxiv . George Francis Hill.
  17. Book: Slouschz, Nahoum . Thesaurus of Phoenician Inscriptions . Dvir . 1942 . 70 . Hebrew . Nahum Slouschz.
  18. Book: Yon, Marguerite . Kition dans les textes . Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations . 2004 . Kition-Bamboula V . 164.
  19. Book: Yon, Marguerite . Kition dans les textes . Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations . 2004 . Kition-Bamboula V . 164.
  20. Book: Yon, Marguerite . Kition dans les textes . Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations . 2004 . Kition-Bamboula V . 256–257.
  21. Mitford . T. B. . 1961 . Further Contributions to the Epigraphy of Cyprus . American Journal of Archaeology . 65 . 2 . 113–114 . 10.2307/502666 . 502666 . 0002-9114.
  22. Megaw . A. H. S. . 1954 . Archaeology in Cyprus, 1954 . Archaeological Reports . 1 . 31 . 10.2307/581167 . 581167 . 0570-6084.
  23. Web site: Archaeological Museum of Larnaca District . Larnaca Virtual Museums.
  24. Robert . Jeanne . Jeanne Robert (historian) . Robert . Louis . 1956 . Bulletin Épigraphique . Revue des Études Grecques . 69 . 324/325 . 185 . 10.3406/reg.1956.3429 . 44274296 . 0035-2039.
  25. Book: Yon, Marguerite . Kition dans les textes . Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations . 2004 . Kition-Bamboula V . 257.
  26. Book: Yon, Marguerite . Kition dans les textes . Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations . 2004 . Kition-Bamboula V . 257.

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