See also: Peter Pan syndrome and Eternal Child. Latin: Puer aeternus (Latin for 'eternal boy'; female: Latin: puella aeterna; sometimes shortened to Latin: puer and Latin: puella) in mythology is a child-god who is eternally young. In the analytical psychology of Carl Jung, the term is used to describe an older person whose emotional life has remained at an adolescent level, which is also known as "Peter Pan syndrome", a more recent pop-psychology label. In Jung's conception, the Latin: puer typically leads a "provisional life" due to the fear of being caught in a situation from which it might not be possible to escape. The Latin: puer covets independence and freedom, opposes boundaries and limits and tends to find any restriction intolerable.[1]
The phrase Latin: puer aeternus comes from Latin: [[Metamorphoses]], an epic work by the Roman poet Ovid (43 BC –) dealing with Greek and Roman myths. In the poem, Ovid addresses the child-god Iacchus as "Latin: puer aeternus" and praises him for his role in the Eleusinian mysteries. Iacchus is later identified with the gods Dionysus and Eros. The Latin: puer is a god of vegetation and resurrection; the god of divine youth, such as Tammuz, Attis, and Adonis.[2]
Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung developed a school of thought called analytical psychology, distinguishing it from the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). In analytical psychology (or "Jungian psychology"), the Latin: puer aeternus is an example of what Jung considered an archetype, one of the "primordial, structural elements of the human psyche."[3]
The shadow of the Latin: puer is the Latin: [[senex]] (Latin for 'old man'), associated with the god Cronus—disciplined, controlled, responsible, rational, ordered. Conversely, the shadow of the Latin: senex is the Latin: puer, related to Hermes or Dionysus—unbounded instinct, disorder, intoxication, whimsy.[4]
Like all archetypes, the Latin: puer is bipolar, exhibiting both a "positive" and a "negative" aspect. The "positive" side of the Latin: puer appears as the Divine Child who symbolizes newness, potential for growth, hope for the future. He also foreshadows the hero that he sometimes becomes (e.g. Heracles). The "negative" side is the child-man who refuses to grow up and meet the challenges of life head-on, waiting instead for his ship to come in and solve all his problems.
"For the time being one is doing this or that... it is not yet what is really wanted, and there is always the fantasy that sometime in the future the real thing will come about.... The one thing dreaded throughout by such a type of man is to be bound to anything whatever."[5]
"Common symptoms of Latin: puer psychology are dreams of an imprisonment and similar imagery: chains, bars, cages, entrapment, bondage. Life itself...is experienced as a prison."[4]
When the subject is a female, the Latin term is Latin: puella aeterna, imaged in mythology as the Kore (Greek for 'maiden').[6] One might also speak of a Latin: puer [[anima and animus|animus]] when describing the masculine side of the female psyche, or a Latin: puella [[anima and animus|anima]] when speaking of a man's inner feminine component.
Carl Jung wrote a paper on the Latin: puer aeternus, titled "The Psychology of the Child Archetype", contained in Part IV of The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious (Collected Works, Vol. 9i). The hero-child aspect and his relationship to the Great Mother is dealt with in chapters 4 and 5 of Part Two of Symbols of Transformation (CW, vol. 5).[7]
In his essay "Answer to Job" (also included in Psychology and Religion: West and East) Jung refers to the Latin: puer aeternus as a figure representing the future psychological development of human beings.
The Problem of the Puer Aeternus is a book based on a series of lectures that Jungian analyst Marie-Louise von Franz gave at the C.G. Jung Institute, Zurich, during the Winter Semester, 1959–1960. In the first eight of twelve lectures, von Franz illustrates the theme of the puer aeternus by examining the story of The Little Prince from the book of the same name by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. The remaining four lectures are devoted to a study of a German novel by Bruno Goetz, Das Reich ohne Raum ('The Kingdom Without Space'), first published in 1919. Of this novel von Franz says:
Now or Neverland is a 1998 book written by Jungian analyst Ann Yeoman dealing with the Latin: puer aeternus in the form of Peter Pan, one of the most well-known examples of the concept in the modern era. The book is a psychological overview of the eternal boy archetype, from its ancient roots to contemporary experience, including a detailed interpretation of J. M. Barrie's popular 1904 play and 1911 novel.
See main article: Peter Pan syndrome.
See also: Boomerang Generation. Peter Pan syndrome is the popular psychology concept of an adult who is socially immature. The category is an informal one invoked by laypeople and some psychology professionals in popular psychology. It is not listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and is not recognized by the American Psychiatric Association as a specific mental disorder.