Pudong Explained

Pudong
Official Name:Pudong New Area
Settlement Type:District & State-level new area
Image Map1:Pudong in Shanghai.svg
Mapsize1:180px
Map Caption1:Location within Shanghai
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:People's Republic of China
Subdivision Type1:Municipality
Subdivision Name1:Shanghai
Established Title:District Gov't Established
Established Date:1993
Leader Title:CPC Pudong District Secretary
Leader Name:Zhu Zhisong
Leader Title1:District Governor
Leader Name1:Hang Yingwei (Chinese: 杭迎偉)
Area Total Km2:1210.4
Population Total:5,681,512
Population As Of:2020
Population Density Km2:auto
Website:Pudong.gov.cn
Demographics Type2:GDP [1]
Demographics2 Title1:Total
Demographics2 Info1:CN¥ 1.6 trillion
US$ 237.78 billion (2022)
Demographics2 Title2:Per capita
Demographics2 Info2:CN¥ 281,180
US$ 41,755 (2022)
Postal Code Type:Postal code
Postal Code:200120
Area Code:021
Timezone:China Standard Time
Utc Offset:+08:00
Pic:Pudong (Chinese characters).svg
Piccap:"Pudong" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Picupright:0.425
S:浦东
T:浦東
P:Pǔdōng
W:P'u3-tung1
Wuu:Phu-ton
L:"East of the Pu [River]"
Psp:Pootung
Order:st

Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu, the river which flows through central Shanghai. The name Pudong was originally applied to the Huangpu's east bank, directly across from the west bank or Puxi, the historic city center. It now refers to the broader Pudong New Area, a state-level new area which extends all the way to the East China Sea.

The traditional area of Pudong is now home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone and the Shanghai Stock Exchange and many of Shanghai's best-known buildings, such as the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center, and the Shanghai Tower. These modern skyscrapers directly face Puxi's historic Bund, a remnant of former foreign concessions in China. The rest of the new area includes the Port of Shanghai, the Shanghai Expo and Century Park, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai Pudong International Airport, the Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve, Nanhui New City, and the Shanghai Disney Resort.

History

Pudong - literally "The East Bank of the Huangpu River" - originally referred only to the less-developed land across from Shanghai's Old City and foreign concessions. The area was mainly farmland and only slowly developed, with warehouses and wharfs near the shore administered by the districts of Puxi on the west bank: Huangpu, Yangpu, and Nanshi. Pudong was originally established as a county in 1958 until 1961 which the county was split among Huangpu, Yangpu, Nanshi, Wusong and Chuansha County. Premier Li Peng announced the policy of Pudong's opening and development on April 18, 1990. On October 1, 1992, the original area of Pudong County and Chuansha County merged and established Pudong New Area.

In 1993, the Chinese government set up a Special Economic Zone in Chuansha, creating the Pudong New Area. Deng Xiaoping had initiated its development three years earlier to build further confidence in Reform and Opening Up.[2] Pudong's description as a New Area served to distinguish it from existing SEZs. It had even more open policies than existing SEZs, in terms of attracting foreign direct investment and developing the local economy.

The western tip of the Pudong district was designated as the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone and has become a financial hub of modern China. Several landmark buildings were constructed, including the Oriental Pearl Tower, and the supertall Jin Mao Building (420.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on), Shanghai World Financial Center (494abbr=onNaNabbr=on) and Shanghai Tower (632abbr=onNaNabbr=on), the world's first trio of adjacent supertall skyscrapers. These buildings - all along Century Avenue and visible from the historic Bund - now form the most common skyline of Shanghai.

In official discourses on urbanization in China, Pudong is considered the paradigmatic example of the 1990s approach to urbanization.

On May 6, 2009, it was disclosed that the State Council had approved the proposal to merge Nanhui District with Pudong and comprise the majority of eastern Shanghai. In 2010, Pudong was host to the main venues of the Shanghai Expo, whose grounds now form a public park.

Pudong New Area consist of the original Pudong County (northeastern portion of Shanghai County), Chuansha County, and Nanhui County.

Government

Districts of the Direct-Controlled Municipality of Shanghai are administratively on the same level as prefecture-level cities. However, the government of Pudong has a status equivalent to that of a sub-provincial city, which is a half-level above a prefecture-level city. This is due to Pudong's size and importance as the financial hub of China. The Pudong Communist Party Secretary is the top office of the district, followed by the district governor of Pudong. The Pudong party chief is customarily also a member of the Shanghai Party Standing Committee.

On April 27, 2015, the People's Government of Pudong New Area is working with China (Shanghai) Pilot Free-Trade Zone Administrative Committee.[3]

Demographics

Pudong is bounded by the Huangpu River in the west and the East China Sea in the east. Pudong is distinguished from Puxi ("West Bank"), the older part of Shanghai. It has an area of and, according to the 2020 census, a population of 5,681,512 inhabitants, accounting for around 22.8 percent of Shanghai and 1.85 million more than in 2010. Pudong's resident population growth is well above national average because it is a popular immigration destination. The 2020 census shows a 8% increase in the last decade, or an annual pace of 0.8%.[4]

Excluding immigrants, the birth rate in 2010 was 0.806% while the death rate is 0.729, resulting a net growth of 0.077%. The total fertility rate is 1.03, well below the replacement level.[5] The district actually has a negative registered household population growth if immigrants are excluded, thus the growth is purely driven by immigration.

The 2020 census shows a population density of 3,006/km2. About 3/4 of the population live in the northern part and part of city center called "Northern Territory". 1/4 live in the "Southern Territory" that was the Nanhui District. The Northern Territory has a 6,667 population density, while the Southern Territory has 1,732/km2. Suburbs saw a greater increase in population during 2000–2010 with the help of the city's suburb expansion policy. Some counties in the traditional city center saw a population decrease.

Subdistricts and towns

Name Chinese (S) Shanghainese Romanization Population (2010)[6] Area (km2)
Chinese: 潍坊新村街道 Wéifāng Xīncūn Jiēdào vij vaon sin tsen ka do 100,548 3.89
Chinese: 陆家嘴街道 Lùjiāzuǐ Jiēdào loq ka tzyu ka do 112,507 6.89
Chinese: 周家渡街道 Zhōujiādù Jiēdào tzoe ka du ka do 144,668 5.52
Chinese: 塘桥街道 Tángqiáo Jiēdào daon djio ka do 76,916 3.86
Chinese: 上钢新村街道 Shànggāng Xīncūn Jiēdào zaon kaon sin tsen ka do 104,932 7.54
Chinese: 南码头路街道 Nánmǎtóulù Jiēdào neu mau doe lu ka do 107,130 4.22
Chinese: 沪东新村街道 Hùdōng Xīncūn Jiēdào wu ton sin tsen ka do 112,031 5.51
Chinese: 金杨新村街道 Jīnyáng Xīncūn Jiēdào cin yan sin tsen ka do 206,017 8.02
Chinese: 洋泾街道 Yángjīng Jiēdào yan cin ka do 146,237 7.38
Chinese: 浦兴路街道 Pǔxìnglù Jiēdào phu xin lu ka do 177,468 6.25
Chinese: 东明路街道 Dōngmínglù Jiēdào ton min lu ka do 121,449 5.95
Chinese: 花木街道 Huāmù Jiēdào hau moq ka do 221,327 20.93
Chuanshaxin Town* (Chwansha) Chinese: 川沙新镇 Chuānshāxīn Zhèn tseu sa sau sin tzen 420,045 148.05
Gaoqiao town Chinese: 高桥镇 Gāoqiáo Zhèn ko djio tzen 184,486 38.73
Beicai town Chinese: 北蔡镇 Běicài Zhèn poq tsa tzen 276,547 24.91
Heqing town Chinese: 合庆镇 Héqìng Zhèn req chin tzen 132,038 41.97
Tang town Chinese: 唐镇 Tángzhèn daon tzen 129,267 32.16
Caolu town Chinese: 曹路镇 Cáolù Zhèn dzo lu tzen 186,012 45.58
Jinqiao town Chinese: 金桥镇 Jīnqiáo Zhèn cin djio tzen 81,537 25.28
Gaohang town Chinese: 高行镇 Gāoháng Zhèn ko raon tzen 137,625 22.85
Gaodong town Chinese: 高东镇 Gāodōng Zhèn ko ton tzen 110,552 36.24
Zhangjiang town Chinese: 张江镇 Zhāngjiāng Zhèn tzan kaon tzen 165,297 42.10
Sanlin town Chinese: 三林镇 Sānlín Zhèn se lin tzen 360,516 34.19
Huinan town Chinese: 惠南镇 Huìnán Zhèn we neu tzen 213,845 65.24
Zhoupu town Chinese: 周浦镇 Zhōupǔ Zhèn tzoe phu tzen 147,329 42.60
Xinchang town Chinese: 新场镇 Xīnchǎng Zhèn sin dzan tzen 84,183 54.30
Datuan Town Chinese: 大团镇 Dàtuán Zhèn da deu tzen 71,162 50.45
Kangqiao town Chinese: 康桥镇 Kāngqiáo Zhèn khaon djio tzen 174,672 41.25
Hangtou town Chinese: 航头镇 Hángtóu Zhèn raon doe tzen 110,060 60.40
Zhuqiao town Chinese: 祝桥镇 Zhùqiáo Zhèn tzoq djio tzen 104,945 146.28
Nicheng town Chinese: 泥城镇 Níchéng Zhèn gnij zen tzen 62,519 61.50
Xuanqiao town Chinese: 宣桥镇 Xuānqiáo Zhèn si djio tzen 59,567 45.78
Shuyuan town Chinese: 书院镇 Shūyuàn Zhèn syu yeu tzen 59,323 66.90
Wanxiang Town Chinese: 万祥镇 Wànxiáng Zhèn ve zian tzen 24,346 23.35
Laogang town Chinese: 老港镇 Lǎogǎng Zhèn lo kaon tzen 37,408 38.90
Nanhui Xincheng Town** Chinese: 南汇新城镇 Nánhuì Xīnchéng Zhèn neu we sin zen tzen 47,381 67.76
Chinese: 芦潮港农场 Lúcháogǎng Nóngchǎng lu dzo kaon non dzan 688 9.40
Chinese: 东海农场 Dōnghǎi Nóngchǎng ton he non dzan 508 15.20
Chinese: 朝阳农场 Cháoyáng Nóngchǎng dzo yan non dzan 862 10.67
Chinese: 外高桥保税区 Wàigāoqiáo Bǎoshuìqū nga ko djio po seu chiu 1,349 10.00
Chinese: 金桥经济技术开发区 Jīnqiáo Jīngjì Jìshù Kāifāqū cin djio cin tzij djij dzeq khe faq chiu 5,514 67.79
Chinese: 张江高科技园区 Zhāngjiāng Gāo Kējì Yuánqū tzan kaon ko khu djij yeu chiu 23,617 75.90

Education

Universities and higher education

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools:

International schools:

Other private schools:

Economy

With the Nanhui District merger in May 2009, the size of Pudong's economy grew. The district's 2022 gross domestic product amounts to an estimated CN¥1.601 trillion (US$238 billion), with services comprising 74.7% of economic output. Its GDP per capita was CN¥281,180, corresponding to around US$41,755 by nominal values and US$68,647 by purchasing power parity values.[1]

The area is divided into four distinct economic districts. Apart from Lujiazui Trade and Finance Zone, there is Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, the largest free trade zone in mainland China covering approximately in north-east Pudong. The Jinqiao Export Processing Zone is another major industrial area in Pudong covering Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park is a special area for technology-oriented businesses.

The Pudong area continues to experience rapid development, especially in the commercial sector, with 1.3 million square meters of prime office space reaching completion in 2008, more than the previous two years combined.[15] Pudong has also attracted considerable fixed asset and real estate investment, reporting 87.268 billion RMB in fixed asset investment and 27.997 billion RMB in real estate investment in 2008.[16] The newest Disney resort, with a Disneyland included, is located in Pudong, which is open to tourists in June 2016.[17]

Businesses

Bao Steel has its head office in the Bao Steel Tower in Pudong.[18] Comac has its head office in Pudong.[19] The headquarters of Yangtze River Express, a cargo airline, are in the Pufa Tower in Pudong.[20]

Hang Seng Bank has its mainland offices in the Hang Seng Bank Tower in Pudong.[21] Kroll has an office in the Hang Seng Bank Tower.[22] Google has its Shanghai offices in the Shanghai World Financial Center.[23]

Transportation

The Shanghai Pudong International Airport opened its doors in 1999, shortening the travel time for visitors.

In the same year, Line 2 of the Shanghai Metro commenced services. An extension brought the line further east, where it serves the airport. Other lines, namely Lines 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13 and 16 also have sections that serve parts of Pudong. A magnetic levitation train began operating in 2004, moving passengers between the airport and Longyang Road Metro station.

Pudong is connected to Puxi by several tunnels and four major bridges. The first of these bridges were the Nanpu Bridge (1991) and the Yangpu Bridge (1993). The Xupu Bridge opened in 1996. The latest of these is Lupu Bridge, which is the world's second longest arch bridge and was completed in 2002. Currently there are five tunnels that link the two sides, Dapu Rd. Tunnel, the first tunnel across the Huangpu River, Yan'an Rd. Tunnel, running east–west, and Dalian Rd. Tunnel, running north–south, Fuxing Rd. Tunnel, complementing the Yan'an Rd. Tunnel, Waihuan Tunnel, one part of Shanghai Outer Ring Express. Two new tunnels linking Lujiazui to Puxi are under construction.

Roads in Pudong have no particular longitudinal or latitudinal orientation. Major thoroughfares Pudong Avenue, Zhangyang Road and Yanggao Road run east–west until Yangpu Bridge before turning gradually to become north–south. Century Avenue crosses all three major roads and extends from Lujiazui to Century Park. Yanggao Road extends south to the A20, Shanghai's outer Ring road, which runs east–west from Xupu Bridge and then north–south beginning at the interchange near Renxi Village, when the east–west expressway turns into Yingbin Avenue, headed for Pudong International Airport.

Metro

Pudong is currently served by ten metro lines and one tram line operated by Shanghai Metro and one maglev line operated by Shanghai Maglev Train and one suburban line operated by China Railway:

Twin towns — sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in China.

Pudong is twinned with:

Climate

Pudong has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). The average annual temperature in Pudong is . The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around, and lowest in January, at around .

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: 【直击引领区】2022年浦东GDP超1.6万亿元.
  2. Book: Hu, Richard . Reinventing the Chinese City . 2023 . . 978-0-231-21101-7 . New York.
  3. Web site: http://news.ifeng.com/a/20150428/43646093_0.shtml . zh:上海自贸区空间扩大4倍 将与浦东新区合署办公 . April 27, 2015. April 27, 2015. People's Daily.
  4. Web site: 20 May 2021 . 上海发布第七次全国人口普查主要数据,浦东常住人口568万人占上海22.8% . 8 May 2023 . Pudong District People's Government.
  5. Population analysis of Pudong, 2011 http://rkjsw.sh.gov.cn/dr/qxinfo/310115/2012227/000000003500038000944464363.html?openpath=spfp/qxinfo/310115
  6. Book: Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China . zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料. 2012. China Statistics Print. Beijing. 978-7-5037-6660-2. 1.
  7. "Contact Us." Dulwich College Shanghai. Retrieved on October 12, 2013. "DCS MAIN CAMPUS 266 LanAn Rd, JinQiao, PuDong, 201206 地址:上海市浦东金桥蓝桉路266号,201206" and "DUCKS 425 LanAn Rd, Jin Qiao, PuDong 201206 地址:上海市浦东金桥蓝桉路425号,201206"
  8. "Home ." French School of Shanghai. Retrieved on 23 May 2014. "Campus de Pudong : 1555, Jufeng Lu, Pudong District 201208 Shanghai (Chine)"
  9. "Kontakte." German School of Shanghai Pudong. Retrieved on 23 May 2014. "DS Shanghai Pudong 1100 Jufeng Lu 201206 Shanghai - VR China" - Chinese address: "Chinese: 上海德国学校浦东校园201206上海市巨峰路1100号综合楼"
  10. http://www.saschina.org/ Home page
  11. "Shanghai Japanese School Pudong Campus." Shanghai Japanese School. Retrieved on February 18, 2014. "Japanese: 上海日本人学校 浦東校 〒200127 上海市浦東新区錦康路277号"
  12. "Home ." SJS Senior High School. Retrieved on February 18, 2014. "Japanese: 〒200127 上海市浦東新区錦康路277号"
  13. "Contact Us." Wellington College International Shanghai. Retrieved on September 30, 2015. "Wellington College No. 1500 Yao Long Road (near the Oriental Sports Center) Pudong, Shanghai 200126 Chinese: 上海惠灵顿国际学校 上海市浦东新区 耀龙路1500号 (靠东方体育中心) 邮编:200126"
  14. Web site: Concordia International School Shanghai . Home Page . 16 November 2019.
  15. http://www.knightfrank.com.cn Knight Frank China
  16. http://www.knightfrank.com.cn Knight Frank China
  17. "http://corporate.disney.go.com/news/corporate/2009/2009_1103_shanghai.html." THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY REACHES ANOTHER MAJOR MILESTONE ON SHANGHAI THEME PARK PROJECT. Retrieved on July 7, 2010.
  18. "Contact Us." Baosteel. Retrieved on November 10, 2012. "ADD:Baosteel Tower, Pu Dian Road 370, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200122, P.R. China Postal Code:200122" - Chinese: "Chinese: 上海市浦东新区浦电路370号宝钢大厦"
  19. "Contact Us." Comac. Retrieved on November 10, 2012. "25 Zhangyang Road, Shanghai" - Chinese : "Chinese: 上海市张杨路25号"
  20. "Yangtze River Express Airlines Company Limited ." HNA Group. Retrieved on February 24, 2014. "Address: Pufa Tower, 588 Pudong South Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai" - Address in Chinese : "Chinese: 地址:上海市浦东新区浦东南路588号浦发大厦 邮编:200120"
  21. "Mainland Service Network." Hang Seng Bank. Retrieved on 11 September 2011. "Hang Seng Bank(China)Limited Address: 34/F & 36/F, Hang Seng Bank Tower, 1000 Lujiazui Ring Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China"
  22. "Office locations ." Kroll Inc. Retrieved on 14 August 2011. "Shanghai Room 3031, 30F 1000 Lujiazui Ring Road, Hang Seng Bank Tower Pudong New Area Shanghai 200120 China"
  23. "Google locations." Google. Retrieved on May 25, 2016. "Google Shanghai 60F, Shanghai World Financial Center 100 Century Avenue, Pudong New Area Shanghai 200120, China"
  24. Web site: Sister Cities Committee . 2019-07-01 . City of Beverly Hills . 2019-07-01.
  25. Web site: Vice Chairman of Shanghai visited Kuopio . 2013-06-04 . Kuopio Innovation . 2015-12-01.