Pseudonocardiaceae Explained

The Pseudonocardiaceae are a family of bacteria in the order Actinomycetales and the only member of the suborder Pseudonocardineae.

Genomics

The species within the family Pseudonocardiaceae form a distinct clade in phylogenetic trees based on concatenated protein sequences. Additionally, Nakamurella multipartite, currently part of the order Frankiales, also formed a clade with the Pseudonocardiaceae species in 100% of the bootstrap replications of the phylogenetic trees. A conserved signature indel has been identified which is found in N. multipartite and all but one of the Pseudonocardiaceae species. This one-amino-acid insertion in UMP kinase serves to both provide a molecular marker for nearly all of the Pseudonocardiaceae and suggests N. multipartite is closely related to this group. Some evidence also suggests the orders Pseudonocardiales and Corynebacteriales are closely related. Several conserved signature indels have been identified which are found in both Pseudonocardiales and Corynebacteriales, including a three-amino-acid insertion in a conserved region of UDP-galactopyranose mutase. This insertion is also present in N. multipartite and Geodermatophilus obscurus, another member of Frankiales. Additionally, five conserved signature proteins have been identified which are found only in the orders Pseudonocardiales and Corynebacteriales. Homologs of the proteins are generally found in N. multipartite and G. obscurus, providing additional evidence of these two species being closely related to the orders Pseudonocardiales and Corynebacteriales.^[1]

Genera

Pseudonocardiaceae comprises the following genera:^[2]

• Actinoalloteichus Tamura et al. 2000

• Actinocrispum Hatano et al. 2016
• Actinokineospora Hasegawa 1988
• Actinomycetospora Jiang et al. 2008
• Actinophytocola Indananda et al. 2010
• Actinopolyspora Gochnauer et al. 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)
• Actinorectispora Quadri et al. 2016
• Actinosynnema Hasegawa et al. 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)

• Allokutzneria Labeda and Kroppenstedt 2008
• Allosaccharopolyspora Teo et al. 2021

• Amycolatopsis Lechevalier et al. 1986
• Bounagaea Meklat et al. 2015
• Crossiella Labeda 2001

• Gandjariella Ningsih et al. 2019

• Goodfellowiella Labeda et al. 2008
• Haloactinomyces Lai et al. 2017
• Haloechinothrix Tang et al. 2010
• Halopolyspora Lai et al. 2014
• Halosaccharopolyspora Teo et al. 2021
• Herbihabitans Zhang et al. 2016
• Kibdelosporangium Shearer et al. 1986
• Kutzneria Stackebrandt et al. 1994
• Labedaea Lee 2012

• Lentzea Yassin et al. 1995
• Longimycelium Xia et al. 2013

• Prauserella Kim and Goodfellow 1999

• Pseudonocardia Henssen 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)
• Qaidamihabitans Tian et al. 2022
• Saccharomonospora Nonomura and Ohara 1971 (Approved Lists 1980)
• Saccharopolyspora Lacey and Goodfellow 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)
• Saccharothrix Labeda et al. 1984
• Salinifilum Moshtaghi Nikou et al. 2017
• Sciscionella Tian et al. 2009
• Solihabitans Jin et al. 2022
• Streptoalloteichus (ex Tomita et al. 1978) Tomita et al. 1987
• Tamaricihabitans Qin et al. 2015
• Thermocrispum Korn-Wendisch et al. 1995
• Thermotunica Wu et al. 2014
• Umezawaea Labeda and Kroppenstedt 2007

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).^[2] The phylogeny is based on whole-genome analysis.^[3]

Notes and References

1. Gao . B. . Gupta . R. S. . 10.1128/MMBR.05011-11 . Phylogenetic Framework and Molecular Signatures for the Main Clades of the Phylum Actinobacteria . Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews . 76 . 1 . 66–112 . 2012 . 22390973. 3294427 .
2. Web site: Euzéby JP, Parte AC . Pseudonocardiaceae . June 9, 2021 . List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).
3. Nouioui I, Carro L, García-López M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Göker M . 2018 . Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria . Front. Microbiol. . 9 . 2007 . 30186281 . 6113628 . 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007. free .