Pseudomonas amygdali explained

Pseudomonas amygdali is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium.^[1] It is named after its ability to cause disease on almond (Prunus amygdalus) trees. Different analyses, including 16S rRNA analysis,^[2] DNA-DNA hybridization,^[3] and MLST^{[4] [5] [6] [7]} clearly placed P. amygdali in the P. syringae group together with the species Pseudomonas ficuserectae and Pseudomonas meliae, and 27 pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae/Pseudomonas savastanoi, constituting a single, well-defined phylogenetic group which should be considered as a single species. This phylogenetic group has not been formally named because of the lack of reliable means to differentiate it phenotypically from closely related species, and it is currently known as either genomospecies 2 or phylogroup 3.^[8] When it is formally named, the correct name for this new species should be Pseudomonas amygdali, which takes precedence over all the other names of taxa from this group, including Pseudomonas savastanoi, which is and inadequate and confusing name whose use is not recommended .^[9]

Pathovars

• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. aesculi infects Buckeye and Horse-chestnut trees (Genus Aesculus).
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. amygdali was isolated from Prunus amygdalus.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. broussonetiae the causal agent of bacterial blight of paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki x B. papyrifera).
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. castaneae, causal agent of bacterial canker of chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.)^[10]
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. cerasicola, causal agent of bacterial gall of cherry tree^[11]
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. ciccaronei causes disease on the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua).
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. cunninghamiae causes disease on Cunninghamia lanceolata
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. daphniphylli, causal agent of bacterial gall of himeyuzuriha (Daphniphyllum teijsmanni Z.)^[12]
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. dendropanacis is pathogenic to Dendropanax trifidus.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. eriobotryae infects loquat trees (Eriobotrya japonica).
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. fraxini^[13]
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. glycinea causes disease of soybeans (Glycine max).
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. hibisci is pathogenic to Hibiscus plants.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. lachrymans causes angular leaf spot on cucumber. Only certain strains of this pathovar belong to this phylogenetic group, whereas the other are classified in genomospecies 3.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. mellea causes disease on tobacco plants.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. mori is pathogenic on mulberry trees.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum causes disease on cherries and plums. Only certain strains of this pathovar belong to this phylogenetic group, whereas the other are classified in genomospecies 3.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. myricae was first isolated on Myrica trees.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. nerii
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. phaseolicola is pathogenic to the common bean.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. photiniae causes disease on Photinia species.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. retacarpa
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. raphiolepidis
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. savastanoi
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. sesami infects sesame plants.
• Pseudomonas amygdali pv. ulmi was first isolated on elm trees.

External links

• Type strain of Pseudomonas amygdali at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Notes and References

1. Smith, Dunez, Lelliot, Phillips and Archer (1988) European Handbook of Plant Disease. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
2. Anzai . Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol . 50 . 1563–89 . Jul 2000 . 10939664 . Kim . H . Park . JY . Wakabayashi . H . Oyaizu . H . 10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563 . 1 . 4.
3. Gardan. L.. Shafik. H.. Belouin. S.. Broch. R.. Grimont. F.. Grimont. P. A. D.. 1999. DNA relatedness among the pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and description of Pseudomonas tremae sp. nov. and Pseudomonas cannabina sp. nov. (ex Sutic and Dowson 1959). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 49. 2. 469–478. 10.1099/00207713-49-2-469. 10319466. free.
4. Berge. Odile. Monteil. Caroline L.. Bartoli. Claudia. Chandeysson. Charlotte. Guilbaud. Caroline. Sands. David C.. Morris. Cindy E.. 2014-09-03. A User's Guide to a Data Base of the Diversity of Pseudomonas syringae and Its Application to Classifying Strains in This Phylogenetic Complex. PLOS ONE. 9. 9. e105547. 10.1371/journal.pone.0105547. 25184292. 1932-6203. 4153583. 2014PLoSO...9j5547B. free.
5. Hwang. Michael S. H.. Morgan. Robyn L.. Sarkar. Sara F.. Wang. Pauline W.. Guttman. David S.. 2005-09-01. Phylogenetic Characterization of Virulence and Resistance Phenotypes of Pseudomonas syringae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. en. 71. 9. 5182–5191. 10.1128/AEM.71.9.5182-5191.2005. 0099-2240. 16151103. 1214625. 2005ApEnM..71.5182H.
6. Bull. Carolee T.. Clarke. Christopher R.. Cai. Rongman. Vinatzer. Boris A.. Jardini. Teresa M.. Koike. Steven T.. 2011-02-15. Multilocus Sequence Typing of Pseudomonas syringae Sensu Lato Confirms Previously Described Genomospecies and Permits Rapid Identification of P. syringae pv. coriandricola and P. syringae pv. apii Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot on Parsley. Phytopathology. 101. 7. 847–858. 10.1094/PHYTO-11-10-0318. 21323469. 0031-949X. free.
7. Parkinson. N.. Bryant. R.. Bew. J.. Elphinstone. J.. Rapid phylogenetic identification of members of the Pseudomonas syringae species complex using the rpoD locus. Plant Pathology. 60. 2. 338–344. 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02366.x. 2010. free.
8. Baltrus. David A.. McCann. Honour C.. Guttman. David S.. 2017-01-01. Evolution, genomics and epidemiology of Pseudomonas syringae. Molecular Plant Pathology. en. 18. 1. 152–168. 10.1111/mpp.12506. 27798954. 6638251. 1364-3703.
9. Young. J. M.. September 2010. Taxonomy of Pseudomonas syringae. Journal of Plant Pathology. 92. 1sup. S1.5–S1.14.
10. 和雄. 高梨. 寛二. 清水. 1989. クリかいよう病を起こすPseudomonas syringae pv. castaneae pv. nov.. 日本植物病理学会報. 55. 4. 397–403. 10.3186/jjphytopath.55.397. free.
11. Kamiunten. Hiroshi. Nakao. Takeharu. Oshida. Shiomi. 2000-08-01. Pseudomonas syringae pv. cerasicola, pv. nov., the Causal Agent of Bacterial Gall of Cherry Tree. Journal of General Plant Pathology. en. 66. 3. 219–224. 10.1007/PL00012949. 8057063. 1345-2630.
12. Oginh. Choei. Kubo. Yoshibumi. Higuchi. Hiroshi. Takikawa. Yuichi. 1990. Bacterial gall diseases of himeyuzuriha (Daphniphyllum teijsmanni Z.) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. daphniphylli pv. nov. Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society. 72. 1. 17–22. 10.11519/jjfs1953.72.1_17.
13. Caballo-Ponce. Eloy. Murillo. Jesús. Martínez-Gil. Marta. Moreno-Pérez. Alba. Pintado. Adrián. Ramos. Cayo. 2017. Knots Untie: Molecular Determinants Involved in Knot Formation Induced by Pseudomonas savastanoi in Woody Hosts. Frontiers in Plant Science. en. 8. 1089. 10.3389/fpls.2017.01089. 28680437. 5478681. 1664-462X. free.