Pseudhipparion Explained

Pseudhipparion is an extinct genus of three-toed horse endemic to North America during the Miocene.[1] [2] [3] [4] They were herding animals whose diet consisted of C3 plants.[5] [6] [7] Fossils found in Georgia and Florida indicate that it was a lightweight horse, weighing up to 90 pounds (40 kilograms).[8] In 2005, fossils were unearthed in Oklahoma.[9] Seven species of Pseudhipparion are known from the fossil record which were very small, following the trend of Bergmann's rule.

Notes and References

  1. 10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0737:NROPSM]2.0.CO;2. New records of Pseudhipparion simpsoni (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Hemphillian of Oklahoma and Florida. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25. 3. 737. 2005. Hulbert . R. C. . Czaplewski . N. J. . Webb . S. D. . 129964988.
  2. 10.2113/gsrocky.24.special_paper_3.237. Systematics and evolution of Pseudhipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Neogene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains. S.D. Webb, Richard C. Hulbert. Jan 1986. Rocky Mountain Geology. 24. 237–272. Hulbert. 0941570029.
  3. Baskin. Jon A.. 1991. Early Pliocene Horses from Late Pleistocene Fluvial Deposits, Gulf Coastal Plain, South Texas. Journal of Paleontology. 65. 6. 995–1006. 10.1017/S0022336000033308. 1305832. 1991JPal...65..995B . 131564565 . 0022-3360.
  4. Hulbert. Richard C.. 1987. Late Neogene Neohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida and Texas. Journal of Paleontology. 61. 4. 809–830. 10.1017/S0022336000029152. 1305291. 1987JPal...61..809H . 130745896 . 0022-3360.
  5. Feranec. Robert S.. MacFadden. Bruce J.. 2006. Isotopic Discrimination of Resource Partitioning among Ungulates in C3-Dominated Communities from the Miocene of Florida and California. Paleobiology. 32. 2. 191–205. 10.1666/05006.1. 4096995. 2006Pbio...32..191F . 86226812. 0094-8373.
  6. MacFadden. Bruce J.. Solounias. Nikos. Cerling. Thure E.. 1999. Ancient Diets, Ecology, and Extinction of 5-Million-Year-Old Horses from Florida. Science. 283. 5403. 824–827. 10.1126/science.283.5403.824. 2897243. 9933161. 0036-8075.
  7. MacFadden. Bruce J.. 2000. Cenozoic Mammalian Herbivores from the Americas: Reconstructing Ancient Diets and Terrestrial Communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 31. 33–59. 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.33. 221724. 0066-4162.
  8. Web site: 19A; Two Small Primitive Horses from Taylor County. 2021-06-27. Exploring Georgia's Fossil Record & Our History of Paleontology. en. 2021-06-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20210627133811/https://www.georgiasfossils.com/19a-two-small-primitive-horses-from-taylor-county.html. dead.
  9. Hulbert . Richard C. . Czaplewski . Nicholas J. . Webb . S. David . 2005-09-30 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0737:nropsm2.0.co;2 New records ofPseudhipparion simpsoni(Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Hemphillian of Oklahoma and Florida ]. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 25 . 3 . 737–740 . 10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0737:nropsm]2.0.co;2 . 129964988 . 0272-4634.

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