Psalm 101 Explained
| Psalm 101 |
| Subtitle: | "I will sing of mercy and judgment" |
| Language: | Hebrew (original) |
| Other Name: | - Psalm 100
- "Misericordiam et iudicium cantabo"
|
Psalm 101 is the 101st psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "I will sing of mercy and judgment". The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 102. In Latin, it is known as "Misericordiam et iudicium cantabo".[1] It is attributed to David, and provides warnings for the wicked, while explaining the benefits the righteous will reap.[2]
The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies.
Text
Hebrew
The following table shows the Hebrew text[3] [4] of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).
| Verse | Hebrew | English translation (JPS 1917) |
|---|
| 1 | | A Psalm of David. I will sing of mercy and justice; unto Thee, O LORD, will I sing praises. |
| 2 | | I will give heed unto the way of integrity; oh when wilt Thou come unto me? I will walk within my house in the integrity of my heart. |
| 3 | | I will set no base thing before mine eyes; I hate the doing of things crooked; it shall not cleave unto me. |
| 4 | | A perverse heart shall depart from me; I will know no evil thing. |
| 5 | | Whoso slandereth his neighbour in secret, him will I destroy; Whoso is haughty of eye and proud of heart, him will I not suffer. |
| 6 | | Mine eyes are upon the faithful of the land, that they may dwell with me; he that walketh in a way of integrity, he shall minister unto me. |
| 7 | | He that worketh deceit shall not dwell within my house; he that speaketh falsehood shall not be established before mine eyes. |
| 8 | | Morning by morning will I destroy all the wicked of the land; to cut off all the workers of iniquity from the city of the LORD. | |
- I will sing of mercy and judgment: unto thee, O Lord, will I sing.
- I will behave myself wisely in a perfect way. O when wilt thou come unto me? I will walk within my house with a perfect heart.
- I will set no wicked thing before mine eyes: I hate the work of them that turn aside; it shall not cleave to me.
- A froward heart shall depart from me: I will not know a wicked person.
- Whoso privily slandereth his neighbour, him will I cut off: him that hath an high look and a proud heart will not I suffer.
- Mine eyes shall be upon the faithful of the land, that they may dwell with me: he that walketh in a perfect way, he shall serve me.
- He that worketh deceit shall not dwell within my house: he that telleth lies shall not tarry in my sight.
- I will early destroy all the wicked of the land; that I may cut off all wicked doers from the city of the Lord.
Commentary
According to Matthew Henry, "David was certainly the penman of this psalm", and he here "cuts out to himself and others a pattern both of a good magistrate and a good master of a family; and, if these were careful to discharge the duty of their place, it would contribute very much to a universal reformation.[5]
Verses
- "I will sing of mercy and justice" (verse 1): God's "mercy" and "justice" go together, because when justice pronounces its righteous penalty, mercy may grant relief. As king, David knows that before he could exercise mercy and justice in His kingdom, he had to understand and extol the mercy and justice of God.[6]
- "I will behave wisely in a perfect way" (verse 2): David determined that his reign would be marked by integrity and godliness, that is, to live a wise and holy life (perfect way), because as he came into a position of greater power, he experienced that power often exposes the flaws of character, if it does not actually help create them.[6]
- "I will walk within my house with a perfect heart": David's righteous life had to be real in his conduct within his own house, before it could be applied in the courts of his kingdom.[6]
- "I will set nothing wicked before my eyes" (verses 3–4): One measure of a righteous life was what one chose to set before the eyes, as the lust of the eyes is a significant aspect of the lure of this world (2:6 KJV).[6]
- "Whoever secretly slanders his neighbor" (verse 5): To lie or speak in an evil way against another is a significant and grievous sin and the worst of it is done secretly, so David was determined to oppose all who did so ("Him I will destroy").[6]
- "My eyes shall be on the faithful of the land" (verses 6–8): Instead of looking at those who thought themselves better than others, David preferred to look at the faithful, deciding that they would dwell with him.[6]
- "Early I will destroy all the wicked of the land": David's determination to rule in favor of the godly, made him decide to remove the wicked early on from the city of God.[6]
Uses
Catholic Church
Since the Middle Ages, this psalm was traditionally performed at the office of matins the Friday,[7] according to the Rule of St. Benedict established in 530.[8]
In the Liturgy of the Hours, Psalm 101 is sung or recited at Lauds on Tuesday of the fourth week of the four weekly cycle of liturgical prayers.
Anglican Communion
In the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England, and in liturgies derived from them, Psalm 101 is traditionally said or sung at Evensong on the 19th day of each month.
Musical settings
Heinrich Schütz set Psalm 101 in a metred paraphrase in German, "Von Gnad und Recht soll singen", SWV 199, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.
External links
Notes and References
- http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps100.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 100 (101
- The Artscroll Tehillim, page 214
- Web site: Psalms – Chapter 101 . Mechon Mamre.
- Web site: Psalms 101 - JPS 1917 . Sefaria.org.
- Henry, M. (1706), Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible on Psalm 101, accessed 25 April 2022
- Web site: Psalm 101: A King's Determination to Righteous Rule . 2016-06-18. Enduring Word. en-US. 2019-06-02.
- Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, 1938/2003 p. 358.
- Règle de saint Benoît, chapitre XVIII, traduction par Prosper Guéranger, (Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, réimpression 2007), p. 46.
