| Conventional Long Name: | Province of East Punjab |
| Common Name: | East Punjab |
| Nation: | India |
| Status Text: | Former Province of India |
| Era: | 20th century |
| Year Start: | 1947 |
| Date Start: | 15 August |
| Year End: | 1950 |
| Date End: | 26 January |
| Event End: | Disestablished |
| Capital: | Shimla[1] |
| P1: | Punjab Province (British India)Punjab Province |
| Flag P1: | British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg |
| S1: | Punjab, IndiaPunjab |
| Flag S1: | Punjab Flag (INDIA).png |
| Image Map Caption: | East Punjab, 1950 |
| Today: | Punjab Chandigarh Haryana Himachal Pradesh |
| S5: | PEPSU |
| Event1: | PEPSU formed |
| Date Event1: | 1948 |
East Punjab was a province of India from 1947 until 1950. It consisted parts of the Punjab province that remained in India following the partition of the province between the new dominions of Pakistan and the Indian Union by the Radcliffe Commission in 1947. The mostly Muslim western parts of the old Punjab became Pakistan's West Punjab, later renamed as Punjab Province, while the mostly Hindu and Sikh eastern parts remained with India.
See also: History of the Punjab.
With the partition of India, the Punjab province was to be divided in two as per the Indian Independence Act 1947, passed by the parliament of the United Kingdom. The province was to cease to exist, and two new provinces were to be constituted, to be known respectively as West Punjab & East Punjab.[2] All the princely states of the Punjab States Agency, except Bahawalpur, which acceded to the Dominion of Pakistan, acceded to the new Union of India and were combined into the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). The northeast Hill States of the Punjab Province banded together and were declared a union territory in 1950 as Himachal Pradesh.
The Constitution of India, which came into effect in 1950, renamed the province of "East Punjab" as the state of "Punjab".
See main article: States Reorganisation Act, 1956. In 1956, the PEPSU was merged into an expanded Punjab state.
See main article: Punjabi Suba movement.
With effect from 1 November 1966, there was yet another reorganisation, this time on linguistic lines, when the state of Punjab as constituted in 1956 was divided into three: the mostly Hindi-speaking part became the present-day Indian state of Haryana and the mostly Punjabi-speaking part became the present-day Punjab,[3] [4] while a new union territory (Chandigarh) was also created, to serve as a capital to both states. At the same time, some parts of the former territory of Patiala and East Punjab States Union, including Solan and Nalagarh, were transferred to Himachal Pradesh.
Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1901 Indian census.
| Christianity | Others | Total | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patiala State | 880,490 | 357,334 | 355,649 | 2,877 | 316 | 26 | 1,596,692 | ||||||||
| Amritsar district | 280,985 | 474,976 | 264,329 | 1,439 | 2,078 | 21 | 1,023,828 | ||||||||
| Hoshiarpur district | 603,710 | 312,958 | 71,126 | 1,173 | 813 | 2 | 989,782 | ||||||||
| Firozpur district | 279,099 | 447,615 | 228,355 | 1,090 | 1,908 | 5 | 958,072 | ||||||||
| Jalandhar district | 368,051 | 421,011 | 125,817 | 969 | 1,713 | 26 | 917,587 | ||||||||
| Karnal district | 623,597 | 241,412 | 12,294 | 4,739 | 1,179 | 4 | 883,225 | ||||||||
| Ambala district | 510,105 | 240,710 | 58,073 | 2,614 | 4,362 | 16 | 815,880 | ||||||||
| Hisar district | 544,799 | 202,009 | 28,642 | 6,003 | 253 | 11 | 781,717 | ||||||||
| Kangra district | 722,554 | 39,672 | 1,220 | 113 | 385 | 4,180 | 768,124 | ||||||||
| Gurgaon district | 499,373 | 242,548 | 99 | 3,909 | 278 | 1 | 746,208 | ||||||||
| Gurdaspur district | 268,817 | 348,182 | 85,199 | 72 | 3,571 | 28 | 705,869 | ||||||||
| Delhi District | 510,532 | 167,290 | 294 | 7,726 | 3,158 | 39 | 689,039 | ||||||||
| Ludhiana district | 269,076 | 235,937 | 164,919 | 2,217 | 947 | 1 | 673,097 | ||||||||
| Rohtak district | 533,723 | 91,687 | 94 | 5,087 | 80 | 1 | 630,672 | ||||||||
| Simla Hill States | 373,886 | 11,535 | 1,318 | 274 | 113 | 2,223 | 389,349 | ||||||||
| Kapurthala State | 93,652 | 178,326 | 42,101 | 226 | 39 | 7 | 314,351 | ||||||||
| Nabha State | 160,553 | 58,550 | 78,361 | 476 | 7 | 2 | 297,949 | ||||||||
| Jind State | 211,963 | 38,717 | 29,975 | 1,258 | 80 | 10 | 282,003 | ||||||||
| Mandi State | 170,304 | 3,187 | 41 | 0 | 3 | 510 | 174,045 | ||||||||
| Nahan State | 128,478 | 6,414 | 688 | 61 | 46 | 0 | 135,687 | ||||||||
| Chamba State | 119,327 | 8,332 | 80 | 3 | 70 | 22 | 127,834 | ||||||||
| Faridkot State | 35,778 | 35,996 | 52,721 | 406 | 11 | 0 | 124,912 | ||||||||
| Malerkotla State | 38,409 | 27,229 | 10,495 | 1,361 | 12 | 0 | 77,506 | ||||||||
| Kalsia State | 38,626 | 21,921 | 6,453 | 181 | 0 | 0 | 67,181 | ||||||||
| Suket State | 54,005 | 665 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54,676 | ||||||||
| Simla District | 30,299 | 6,675 | 544 | 32 | 2,798 | 3 | 40,351 | ||||||||
| Dujana State | 18,380 | 5,790 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24,174 | ||||||||
| Pataudi State | 18,281 | 3,549 | 0 | 103 | 0 | 0 | 21,933 | ||||||||
| Loharu State | 13,254 | 1,963 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 15,229 | ||||||||
| Total | 8,400,106 | 4,232,190 | 1,618,897 | 44,421 | 24,220 | 7,138 | 14,326,972 | ||||||||
Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1911 Indian census.
| Christianity | Others | Total | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patiala State | 563,940 | 307,384 | 532,292 | 739 | 3,282 | 22 | 1,407,659 | ||||||||
| Firozpur district | 273,832 | 418,553 | 262,511 | 3,342 | 1,401 | 18 | 959,657 | ||||||||
| Hoshiarpur district | 498,642 | 281,805 | 134,146 | 2,978 | 998 | 0 | 918,569 | ||||||||
| Amritsar district | 211,708 | 408,882 | 253,941 | 4,763 | 1,386 | 48 | 880,728 | ||||||||
| Hisar district | 541,720 | 218,600 | 38,508 | 273 | 5,767 | 21 | 804,889 | ||||||||
| Jalandhar district | 265,378 | 357,051 | 176,227 | 2,404 | 842 | 18 | 801,920 | ||||||||
| Karnal district | 556,203 | 224,920 | 13,531 | 920 | 4,213 | 0 | 799,787 | ||||||||
| Kangra district | 725,156 | 38,859 | 1,910 | 386 | 81 | 3,994 | 770,386 | ||||||||
| Rohtak district | 450,549 | 86,076 | 161 | 334 | 4,369 | 0 | 541,489 | ||||||||
| Ambala district | 380,592 | 205,203 | 94,471 | 7,483 | 2,187 | 34 | 689,970 | ||||||||
| Delhi District | 469,561 | 171,745 | 2,985 | 5,693 | 7,539 | 81 | 657,604 | ||||||||
| Gurgaon district | 421,885 | 217,237 | 342 | 782 | 2,921 | 10 | 643,177 | ||||||||
| Gurdaspur district | 190,965 | 304,860 | 110,525 | 19,879 | 73 | 22 | 626,324 | ||||||||
| Ludhiana district | 131,370 | 176,043 | 207,042 | 888 | 1,849 | 0 | 517,192 | ||||||||
| Simla Hill States | 386,953 | 11,374 | 2,911 | 224 | 172 | 2,709 | 404,343 | ||||||||
| Jind State | 210,222 | 37,520 | 22,566 | 187 | 1,233 | 0 | 271,728 | ||||||||
| Kapurthala State | 61,426 | 152,117 | 54,275 | 107 | 205 | 3 | 268,133 | ||||||||
| Nabha State | 126,414 | 46,032 | 76,198 | 5 | 238 | 0 | 248,887 | ||||||||
| Mandi State | 178,115 | 2,799 | 26 | 4 | 2 | 164 | 181,110 | ||||||||
| Nahan State | 130,276 | 6,016 | 2,142 | 37 | 49 | 0 | 138,520 | ||||||||
| Chamba State | 126,269 | 8,750 | 141 | 81 | 5 | 627 | 135,873 | ||||||||
| Faridkot State | 37,377 | 37,105 | 55,397 | 6 | 409 | 0 | 130,294 | ||||||||
| Malerkotla State | 22,902 | 25,942 | 21,018 | 14 | 1,268 | 0 | 71,144 | ||||||||
| Kalsia State | 30,640 | 18,820 | 6,258 | 31 | 160 | 0 | 55,909 | ||||||||
| Suket State | 54,268 | 587 | 71 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 54,928 | ||||||||
| Simla District | 29,047 | 5,820 | 693 | 3,666 | 49 | 45 | 39,320 | ||||||||
| Dujana State | 20,161 | 5,324 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25,485 | ||||||||
| Pataudi State | 16,114 | 3,338 | 0 | 9 | 82 | 0 | 19,543 | ||||||||
| Loharu State | 16,178 | 2,401 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 18,597 | ||||||||
| Total | 7,127,863 | 3,781,163 | 2,070,288 | 55,237 | 40,798 | 7,816 | 13,083,165 | ||||||||
Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1921 Indian census.
| Christianity | Others | Total | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patiala State | 642,055 | 330,341 | 522,675 | 1,395 | 3,249 | 24 | 1,499,739 | ||||||||
| Firozpur district | 306,350 | 482,540 | 302,761 | 5,365 | 1,211 | 21 | 1,098,248 | ||||||||
| Amritsar district | 204,435 | 423,724 | 287,004 | 12,773 | 1,375 | 63 | 929,374 | ||||||||
| Hoshiarpur district | 500,339 | 289,298 | 132,958 | 3,745 | 1,079 | 0 | 927,419 | ||||||||
| Karnal district | 573,224 | 235,618 | 12,280 | 3,382 | 4,222 | 0 | 828,726 | ||||||||
| Jalandhar district | 244,995 | 366,586 | 206,130 | 4,088 | 736 | 9 | 822,544 | ||||||||
| Hisar district | 548,351 | 215,943 | 45,615 | 1,024 | 5,874 | 3 | 816,810 | ||||||||
| Rohtak district | 629,592 | 125,035 | 602 | 10,033 | 7,010 | 0 | 772,272 | ||||||||
| Kangra district | 722,277 | 38,263 | 2,083 | 363 | 56 | 3,023 | 766,065 | ||||||||
| Gurgaon district | 460,134 | 216,860 | 924 | 1,316 | 2,762 | 7 | 682,003 | ||||||||
| Ambala district | 370,125 | 205,750 | 97,614 | 5,679 | 2,272 | 37 | 681,477 | ||||||||
| Gurdaspur district | 168,178 | 316,709 | 125,322 | 29,099 | 20 | 15 | 639,343 | ||||||||
| Ludhiana district | 135,512 | 192,961 | 235,721 | 1,613 | 1,796 | 19 | 567,622 | ||||||||
| Jind State | 234,721 | 43,251 | 28,026 | 637 | 1,548 | 0 | 308,183 | ||||||||
| Simla Hill States | 292,768 | 9,551 | 2,040 | 164 | 142 | 2,053 | 306,718 | ||||||||
| Kapurthala State | 58,412 | 160,457 | 64,074 | 1,100 | 228 | 4 | 284,275 | ||||||||
| Nabha State | 133,870 | 50,756 | 78,389 | 41 | 278 | 0 | 263,334 | ||||||||
| Mandi State | 181,358 | 3,462 | 142 | 10 | 0 | 76 | 185,048 | ||||||||
| Faridkot State | 38,610 | 44,813 | 66,658 | 107 | 473 | 0 | 150,661 | ||||||||
| Chamba State | 130,489 | 10,529 | 242 | 63 | 3 | 541 | 141,867 | ||||||||
| Nahan State | 132,431 | 6,449 | 1,449 | 44 | 65 | 10 | 140,448 | ||||||||
| Bilaspur State | 96,000 | 1,559 | 437 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 98,000 | ||||||||
| Malerkotla State | 29,459 | 28,413 | 21,828 | 37 | 585 | 0 | 80,322 | ||||||||
| Kalsia State | 28,769 | 20,394 | 8,014 | 4 | 190 | 0 | 57,371 | ||||||||
| Suket State | 53,625 | 659 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54,328 | ||||||||
| Simla District | 33,228 | 6,953 | 1,173 | 3,823 | 90 | 60 | 45,327 | ||||||||
| Dujana State | 20,135 | 5,698 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25,833 | ||||||||
| Loharu State | 17,978 | 2,625 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 20,621 | ||||||||
| Pataudi State | 15,090 | 2,898 | 0 | 0 | 109 | 0 | 18,097 | ||||||||
| Total | 7,002,510 | 3,838,095 | 2,244,205 | 85,909 | 35,391 | 5,965 | 13,212,075 | ||||||||
Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1931 Indian census.
| Christianity | Others | Total | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patiala State | 623,597 | 363,920 | 632,972 | 1,449 | 3,578 | 4 | 1,625,520 | ||||||||
| Firozpur district | 244,688 | 515,430 | 388,108 | 7,070 | 1,411 | 25 | 1,156,732 | ||||||||
| Amritsar district | 174,556 | 524,676 | 399,951 | 16,619 | 1,272 | 46 | 1,117,120 | ||||||||
| Hoshiarpur district | 526,182 | 328,078 | 173,147 | 3,764 | 1,016 | 0 | 1,032,187 | ||||||||
| Jalandhar district | 268,822 | 419,556 | 249,571 | 4,323 | 1,379 | 70 | 943,721 | ||||||||
| Hisar district | 583,429 | 253,784 | 55,169 | 1,107 | 5,988 | 2 | 899,479 | ||||||||
| Karnal district | 570,297 | 259,730 | 16,928 | 1,469 | 4,190 | 0 | 852,614 | ||||||||
| Rohtak district | 655,963 | 137,880 | 596 | 4,807 | 6,375 | 0 | 805,621 | ||||||||
| Kangra district | 752,098 | 40,483 | 2,396 | 576 | 94 | 5,665 | 801,312 | ||||||||
| Ambala district | 346,809 | 230,837 | 155,555 | 7,141 | 2,550 | 10 | 742,902 | ||||||||
| Gurgaon district | 493,174 | 242,357 | 500 | 1,463 | 2,665 | 4 | 740,163 | ||||||||
| Gurdaspur district | 154,631 | 367,388 | 162,741 | 38,756 | 15 | 4 | 723,535 | ||||||||
| Ludhiana district | 120,161 | 235,598 | 312,829 | 2,477 | 1,419 | 10 | 672,494 | ||||||||
| Simla Hill States | 317,390 | 10,017 | 1,817 | 176 | 141 | 1,309 | 330,850 | ||||||||
| Jind State | 243,561 | 46,002 | 33,290 | 210 | 1,613 | 0 | 324,676 | ||||||||
| Kapurthala State | 64,319 | 179,251 | 72,177 | 983 | 27 | 0 | 316,757 | ||||||||
| Nabha State | 132,354 | 57,393 | 97,452 | 66 | 309 | 0 | 287,574 | ||||||||
| Mandi State | 199,935 | 6,351 | 899 | 141 | 0 | 139 | 207,465 | ||||||||
| Faridkot State | 20,855 | 49,912 | 92,880 | 167 | 550 | 0 | 164,364 | ||||||||
| Sirmoor State | 139,031 | 7,020 | 2,413 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 148,568 | ||||||||
| Chamba State | 135,254 | 10,839 | 112 | 94 | 3 | 568 | 146,870 | ||||||||
| Bilaspur State | 99,023 | 1,458 | 507 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 100,994 | ||||||||
| Malerkotla State | 21,252 | 31,417 | 28,982 | 135 | 1,286 | 0 | 83,072 | ||||||||
| Kalsia State | 28,832 | 21,797 | 9,035 | 22 | 162 | 0 | 59,848 | ||||||||
| Suket State | 57,616 | 733 | 44 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 58,408 | ||||||||
| Simla District | 28,661 | 5,810 | 760 | 1,540 | 1 | 14 | 36,786 | ||||||||
| Dujana State | 22,347 | 5,863 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 28,216 | ||||||||
| Loharu State | 20,198 | 3,119 | 2 | 1 | 18 | 0 | 23,338 | ||||||||
| Pataudi State | 15,596 | 3,168 | 1 | 3 | 105 | 0 | 18,873 | ||||||||
| Total | 7,060,631 | 4,359,867 | 2,890,835 | 94,623 | 36,219 | 7,884 | 14,450,059 | ||||||||
Prior to partition, the eastern portion of Punjab that was ultimately awarded to India following the demarcation of the Radcliffe Line was made into a new province – East Punjab. The area includes the contemporary states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Below is the religious demographics of this region broken down by district and princely state with an overall total as per the 1941 Indian census.
| Christianity | Others | Total | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patiala State | 597,488 | 436,539 | 896,021 | 1,592 | 3,101 | 1,518 | 1,936,259 | ||||||||
| Firozpur district | 287,733 | 641,448 | 479,486 | 12,607 | 1,674 | 128 | 1,423,076 | ||||||||
| Amritsar district | 217,431 | 657,695 | 510,845 | 25,973 | 1,911 | 21 | 1,413,876 | ||||||||
| Hoshiarpur district | 584,080 | 380,759 | 198,194 | 6,165 | 1,125 | 0 | 1,170,323 | ||||||||
| Jalandhar district | 311,010 | 509,804 | 298,741 | 6,233 | 1,395 | 7 | 1,127,190 | ||||||||
| Hisar district | 652,842 | 285,208 | 60,731 | 1,292 | 6,126 | 510 | 1,006,709 | ||||||||
| Karnal district | 666,301 | 304,346 | 19,887 | 1,249 | 2,789 | 3 | 994,575 | ||||||||
| Rohtak district | 780,474 | 166,569 | 1,466 | 1,043 | 6,847 | 0 | 956,399 | ||||||||
| Kangra district | 846,531 | 43,249 | 4,809 | 788 | 101 | 3,899 | 899,377 | ||||||||
| Gurdaspur district | 174,221 | 440,323 | 200,688 | 46,743 | 25 | 6 | 862,006 | ||||||||
| Gurgaon district | 560,537 | 285,992 | 637 | 1,673 | 2,613 | 6 | 851,458 | ||||||||
| Ambala district | 412,658 | 268,999 | 156,543 | 6,065 | 3,065 | 415 | 847,745 | ||||||||
| Ludhiana district | 171,715 | 302,482 | 341,175 | 1,913 | 1,279 | 51 | 818,615 | ||||||||
| Kapurthala State | 61,546 | 213,754 | 88,350 | 1,667 | 380 | 12,683 | 378,380 | ||||||||
| Jind State | 268,355 | 50,972 | 40,981 | 161 | 1,294 | 49 | 361,812 | ||||||||
| Simla Hill States | 345,716 | 10,812 | 2,693 | 161 | 126 | 12 | 359,520 | ||||||||
| Nabha State | 146,518 | 70,373 | 122,451 | 221 | 480 | 1 | 344,044 | ||||||||
| Mandi State | 227,463 | 4,328 | 583 | 11 | 0 | 208 | 232,593 | ||||||||
| Faridkot State | 21,814 | 61,352 | 115,070 | 247 | 800 | 0 | 199,283 | ||||||||
| Chamba State | 155,910 | 12,318 | 107 | 190 | 0 | 383 | 168,908 | ||||||||
| Sirmoor State | 146,199 | 7,374 | 2,334 | 38 | 81 | 0 | 156,026 | ||||||||
| Bilaspur State | 108,375 | 1,498 | 453 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 110,336 | ||||||||
| Malerkotla State | 23,482 | 33,881 | 30,320 | 116 | 310 | 0 | 88,109 | ||||||||
| Suket State | 69,974 | 884 | 234 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 71,092 | ||||||||
| Kalsia State | 29,866 | 25,049 | 12,235 | 55 | 188 | 0 | 67,393 | ||||||||
| Simla District | 29,466 | 7,022 | 1,032 | 934 | 114 | 8 | 38,576 | ||||||||
| Dujana State | 23,727 | 6,939 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30,666 | ||||||||
| Loharu State | 23,923 | 3,960 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 27,892 | ||||||||
| Pataudi State | 17,728 | 3,655 | 0 | 9 | 128 | 0 | 21,520 | ||||||||
| Total | 7,963,083 | 5,237,584 | 3,586,073 | 117,155 | 35,955 | 19,908 | 16,959,758 | ||||||||
East Punjab comprising the states of (Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Union territory of Chandigarh) had a population of 61,014,852 people as of 2011 census report of India. The Hindus form a majority in East Punjab region with 40,234,605 adherents comprising (65.94%), Sikhs are 17,466,731 comprising (28.62%) of the region, Muslims are 2,518,159 comprising (4.12%) of the region and others are 795,357 including Christians, Buddhists, Jains, and atheists together comprising remaining (1.3%) of the region.
Sikhs are the majority in Punjab, while Hindus form the majority in Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Chandigarh. Muslims survived in districts of Malerkotla and Nuh. Christians have dominance in Punjab while Bhuddhist dominate Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh. [5]
As per 2011 census, Punjabi is the most spoken language and is spoken by 28,166,306 people, followed by Hindi which is spoken by 16,259,205 people, Haryanvi by 9,423,138 people and Western Pahari language by 4,599,283 people. While 2,580,928 people speaks other languages like Nepali.[6]
Since it ceased to be the name of a state, "East Punjab" has been used in India to refer to the eastern part of the present Punjab state, while in Pakistan it means the eastern part of Pakistan's Punjab province, although Pakistanis also sometimes refer to the current Indian Punjab as "East Punjab".[7] Terms East and West Punjab are also often used in modern India and Pakistan when making a comparison between the two territories.