Protororqualus Explained

Protororqualus is a genus of extinct rorqual from the late Pliocene (Piacenzian,) of Mount Pulgnasco, Italy (: paleocoordinates).^[1]

The analysis made by identified Protororqualus as a late representative of the rorquals which survived in the Mediterranean at least until the late Pliocene. This would indicate that the Mediterranean Basin played a vital role in preserving primitive rorquals, while more derived forms established themselves in other oceans.

Anatomy

The Mount Pulgnasco specimen represents an early rorqual that fed differently from modern species. Compared to the laterally bowed dentaries of the latter, its dentary is more straight, which should have made it impossible to perform the intermittent ram feeding seen in modern rorquals. Another primitive character is that the anterior border of the supraoccipital is triangular and pointed like in Miocene Cetotheriidae.

Taxonomic history

The type species, Protorqualus cuvierii, was originally described in 1829 as a species of Balaena, but later transferred to the Belgian genus Plesiocetus. Following synonymy of Plesiocetus with Balaenoptera, B. cuvieri was considered a species of Balaenoptera,^[2] although some authors treated it as a species of Cetotherium. Later work, however, showed that the Mount Pulgnasco skeleton was generically distinct from other fossil and extant rorquals to warrant its own genus.

References

Sources

• Bisconti . M. . Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships of the rorqual-like mysticete from the Pliocene of Mount Pulgnasco, northern Italy (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti) . 2007 . Palaeontographica Italica . 91 . 85–108 .
  • Web site: M. Bisconti 2007 . The Paleobiology Database .
• Bisconti . M. . Taxonomy and evolution of the Italian Pliocene Mysticeti (Mammalia, Cetacea): a state of the art . 2009 . Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana . 48 . 2 . 147–156 .
• Cuscani Politi . P. . Ancora una nuova specie di Balaenula pliocenica con considerazioni introducttive su alcuni misticeti dei nostri musei . 1961 . Accademia dei Fisiocritici di Siena. Sezione Agraria . 8 . 3–31 .
  • Web site: P. Cuscani Politi 1961 . The Paleobiology Database .
• Deméré . T. . The fossil whale, Balaenoptera davidsonii (Cope 1872), with a review of other Neogene species of Balaenoptera (Cetacea: Mysticeti) . 1986 . Marine Mammal Science . 2 . 4 . 277–298 . 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00136.x . 1986MMamS...2..277D .
  • Web site: T. A. Deméré 1986 . The Paleobiology Database .
• Deméré . T. . Berta . A. . McGowen . M. R. . The taxonomic and evolutionary history of modern balaenopteroid mysticetes . 2005 . Journal of Mammalian Evolution . 12 . 1/2 . 99–143 . 10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3 . 90231 .
  • Web site: T. A. Deméré et al. 2005 . The Paleobiology Database .
• Book: Fischer, J. B. . 1829 . Synopsis Mammalium . 1–752 . Stuttgardtiae, sumtibus J.G. Cottae . la .
  • Web site: J. B. Fischer 1829 . The Paleobiology Database .
• Gray . J. E. . John Edward Gray . Notes on the Whalebone-Whales; with a Synopsis of the Species . 1864 . The Annals and Magazine of Natural History . 14 . 83 . 345–353 . 10.1080/00222936408681724 .
• Kellogg . R. . Remington Kellogg . The History of Whales-Their Adaptation to Life in the Water (Concluded) . 1928 . The Quarterly Review of Biology . 3 . 2 . 174–208 . 2808185 . 10.1086/394300. 85354593 .
  • Web site: R. Kellogg 1928 . The Paleobiology Database .
• Kellogg . R. . Pelagic mammals of the Temblor Formation of the Kern River region, California . 1931 . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences . 19 . 12 . 217–397 .
  • Web site: R. Kellogg 1931 . The Paleobiology Database .
• Van Beneden . P. J. . Pierre-Joseph van Beneden . Le squelette de la Baleine fossile du Musée de Milan . 1875 . Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique . 2nd . 40 . 12 . 736–758 .
  • Web site: P. J. Van Beneden 1875 . The Paleobiology Database .
• Book: Van Beneden . P. J. . Gervais . P. . Paul Gervais . Ostéographie des cétacés vivants et fossiles, comprenant la description et l'iconographie du squelette et du système dentaire de ces animaux; ainsi que des documents relatifs à leur histoire naturelle . 1868 . Paris . A. Bertrand . 10.5962/bhl.title.9521 .
  • Web site: P. J. Van Beneden and P. Gervais 1868 . Fossilworks .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Monte Pulgnasco (Pliocene of Italy) . Paleobiology Database .

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