Protein THEMIS explained
Protein THEMIS is a protein encoded by the eponymous THEMIS gene.[1] [2] [3]
Function
This protein plays a regulatory role in both positive and negative T cell selection during late thymocyte development. The protein functions through T-cell antigen receptor signaling, and is necessary for proper lineage commitment and maturation of T-cells.[4] Changes in THEMIS gene expression due to the rs138300818 variant promote the development of early-onset type 1 diabetes.[5]
Etimology
THEMIS is an acronym for thymocyte-expressed-molecule. Themis is also the name of a Titan in Greek mythology who weighed the fates of humans, an apt choice since the protein is important in deciding the fate of the T cell during development.[6]
Further reading
- Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S . 6 . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes . Genome Research . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . January 2006 . 16344560 . 1356129 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 .
- Harrington JJ, Sherf B, Rundlett S, Jackson PD, Perry R, Cain S, Leventhal C, Thornton M, Ramachandran R, Whittington J, Lerner L, Costanzo D, McElligott K, Boozer S, Mays R, Smith E, Veloso N, Klika A, Hess J, Cothren K, Lo K, Offenbacher J, Danzig J, Ducar M . 6 . Creation of genome-wide protein expression libraries using random activation of gene expression . Nature Biotechnology . 19 . 5 . 440–445 . May 2001 . 11329013 . 10.1038/88107 . 25064683 .
- Allen PM . Themis imposes new law and order on positive selection . Nature Immunology . 10 . 8 . 805–806 . August 2009 . 19621038 . 10.1038/ni0809-805 . 205359914 .
Notes and References
- Fu G, Vallée S, Rybakin V, McGuire MV, Ampudia J, Brockmeyer C, Salek M, Fallen PR, Hoerter JA, Munshi A, Huang YH, Hu J, Fox HS, Sauer K, Acuto O, Gascoigne NR . 6 . Themis controls thymocyte selection through regulation of T cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling . Nature Immunology . 10 . 8 . 848–856 . August 2009 . 19597499 . 2757056 . 10.1038/ni.1766 .
- Lesourne R, Uehara S, Lee J, Song KD, Li L, Pinkhasov J, Zhang Y, Weng NP, Wildt KF, Wang L, Bosselut R, Love PE . 6 . Themis, a T cell-specific protein important for late thymocyte development . Nature Immunology . 10 . 8 . 840–847 . August 2009 . 19597498 . 2848698 . 10.1038/ni.1768 .
- Johnson AL, Aravind L, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Choi SY, Crockford TL, Lambe T, Domaschenz H, Kucharska EM, Zheng L, Vinuesa CG, Lenardo MJ, Goodnow CC, Cornall RJ, Schwartz RH . 6 . Themis is a member of a new metazoan gene family and is required for the completion of thymocyte positive selection . Nature Immunology . 10 . 8 . 831–839 . August 2009 . 19597497 . 2908989 . 10.1038/ni.1769 .
- Web site: Entrez Gene: thymocyte selection associated.
- Sandholm N, Rubio García A, Pekalski ML, Inshaw JR, Cutler AJ, Todd JA . Thymocyte regulatory variant alters transcription factor binding and protects from type 1 diabetes in infants . Scientific Reports . 12 . 1 . 14137 . August 2022 . 35986039 . 9391468 . 10.1038/s41598-022-18296-4 . 2022NatSR..1214137S .
- Web site: Six degrees of science . Zielinska E . 2009-11-01 . The Scientist . 2009-11-03 . 2009-11-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091106075527/http://www.the-scientist.com/2009/11/1/18/1/ . dead .