GLUD2 explained

Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial, also known as GDH 2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GLUD2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]} This dehydrogenase is one of the family of glutamate dehydrogenases that are ubiquitous in life.

Function

Glutamate dehydrogenase 2 is localized to the mitochondrion and acts as a homohexamer to recycle glutamate during neurotransmission. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate.^[1]

Further reading

• Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ . The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome . Nature . 434 . 7031 . 325–37 . 2005 . 15772651 . 10.1038/nature03440 . 2665286. 2005Natur.434..325R . etal.
• Need AC, Keefe RS, Ge D . Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic response in the CATIE trial: a candidate gene analysis . Eur. J. Hum. Genet. . 17 . 7 . 946–57 . 2009 . 19156168 . 10.1038/ejhg.2008.264 . 2986499. etal.
• Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M . A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome . Cell . 122 . 6 . 957–68 . 2005 . 16169070 . 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 . etal. 11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0 . 8235923 . free .
• Burki F, Kaessmann H . Birth and adaptive evolution of a hominoid gene that supports high neurotransmitter flux . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 10 . 1061–3 . 2004 . 15378063 . 10.1038/ng1431 . free .
• Plaitakis A, Latsoudis H, Kanavouras K . Gain-of-function variant in GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase modifies Parkinson's disease onset . Eur. J. Hum. Genet. . 18 . 3 . 336–41 . 2010 . 19826450 . 10.1038/ejhg.2009.179 . 2987208. etal.
• Yang SJ, Cho EH, Choi MM . Critical role of the cysteine 323 residue in the catalytic activity of human glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes . Mol. Cells . 19 . 1 . 97–103 . 2005 . 10.1016/S1016-8478(23)13142-6 . 15750346 . etal. free .
• Yang SJ, Huh JW, Hong HN . Important role of Ser443 in different thermal stability of human glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes . FEBS Lett. . 562 . 1–3 . 59–64 . 2004 . 15044002 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00183-8 . etal. free .
• Kanavouras K, Borompokas N, Latsoudis H . Mutations in human GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase affecting basal activity and regulation . J. Neurochem. . 109 . 167–73 . 2009 . Suppl 1 . 19393024 . 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05914.x . etal. free .
• Mastorodemos V, Zaganas I, Spanaki C . Molecular basis of human glutamate dehydrogenase regulation under changing energy demands . J. Neurosci. Res. . 79 . 1–2 . 65–73 . 2005. 15578726 . 10.1002/jnr.20353 . 24840962 . etal.
• Smith TJ, Schmidt T, Fang J . The structure of apo human glutamate dehydrogenase details subunit communication and allostery . J. Mol. Biol. . 318 . 3 . 765–77 . 2002 . 12054821 . 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00161-4 . etal.
• Plaitakis A, Spanaki C, Mastorodemos V, Zaganas I . Study of structure-function relationships in human glutamate dehydrogenases reveals novel molecular mechanisms for the regulation of the nerve tissue-specific (GLUD2) isoenzyme . Neurochem. Int. . 43 . 4–5 . 401–10 . 2003. 12742085 . 10.1016/S0197-0186(03)00028-7. 21332852 .
• Mastorodemos V, Kotzamani D, Zaganas I . Human GLUD1 and GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase localize to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum . Biochem. Cell Biol. . 87 . 3 . 505–16 . 2009 . 19448744 . 10.1139/o09-008 . etal.
• Spanaki C, Zaganas I, Kleopa KA, Plaitakis A . Human GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase is expressed in neural and testicular supporting cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 285 . 22 . 16748–56 . 2010 . 20194501 . 10.1074/jbc.M109.092999 . 2878061. free .
• Ahmed M, Forsberg J, Bergsten P . Protein profiling of human pancreatic islets by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry . J. Proteome Res. . 4 . 3 . 931–40 . 2005. 15952740 . 10.1021/pr050024a .
• Rosso L, Marques AC, Reichert AS, Kaessmann H . Mitochondrial targeting adaptation of the hominoid-specific glutamate dehydrogenase driven by positive Darwinian selection . PLOS Genet. . 4 . 8 . e1000150 . 2008 . 18688271 . 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000150 . 2478720 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928. etal.
• Zaganas I, Kanavouras K, Mastorodemos V . The human GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase: localization and functional aspects . Neurochem. Int. . 55 . 1–3 . 52–63 . 2009. 19428807 . 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.03.001 . 40181114 . etal.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2002 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241. 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Kanavouras K, Mastorodemos V, Borompokas N . Properties and molecular evolution of human GLUD2 (neural and testicular tissue-specific) glutamate dehydrogenase . J. Neurosci. Res. . 85 . 15 . 3398–406 . 2007 . 17924438 . 10.1002/jnr.21576 . 30673608 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: glutamate dehydrogenase 2.
2. Shashidharan P, Michaelidis TM, Robakis NK, Kresovali A, Papamatheakis J, Plaitakis A . Novel human glutamate dehydrogenase expressed in neural and testicular tissues and encoded by an X-linked intronless gene . J. Biol. Chem. . 269 . 24 . 16971–6 . June 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)89484-X . 8207021 . free .
3. Shashidharan P, Clarke DD, Ahmed N, Moschonas N, Plaitakis A . Nerve tissue-specific human glutamate dehydrogenase that is thermolabile and highly regulated by ADP . J. Neurochem. . 68 . 5 . 1804–11 . May 1997 . 9109504 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68051804.x . 83848260 .