Protected areas of Tasmania explained

Protected areas of Tasmania consist of protected areas located within Tasmania and its immediate onshore waters, including Macquarie Island. It includes areas of crown land (withheld land) managed by Tasmanian Government agencies as well as private reserves. As of 2016, 52% of Tasmania's land area has some form of reservation classification, the majority is managed by the Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service (about 42% of total Tasmanian land area). Marine protected areas cover about 7.9% of state waters.

Within each classification of reserve there may be a variation of IUCN categories Australia is a signatory to the Convention of Biological Diversity and as such has obligations to report the status of its National Reserve System.IUCN provides on its website a prescription for activities consistent with the categorisation system. Changes made to the Nature Conservation Act 2002 in 2014 permit timber harvesting. These changes made in addition to the already established right to access minerals means that many of the IUCN categorisations assigned to individual reserves in Tasmania are no longer fit for purpose. In addition many reserves have had their reserve status downgraded from a class excluding timber harvesting and mineral extraction to ones where these activities are now permitted. This mis-application of the IUCN protected area categories needs to be remedied or the reserves protected land class under the Nature Conservation Act 2002 should be adjusted to reflect its currently assigned IUCN category.

Legislation and management

Summary of area totals

At 30 June 2016, Tasmania's terrestrial reserves cover (about 50.1% of the area of Tasmania), of which Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service manages 823 reserves (about 2.9e6ha, or over 42% of the area of Tasmania).[2]

The following table demonstrates the distribution of terrestrial protected areas as of June 2016, any marine areas are excluded. All protected areas not managed by Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service or Sustainable Timber Tasmania is grouped into "other", including: formal and informal reserves on public land, reserves on private land, and Wellington Park.[2] [7]

OperatorClass or categoryNumberTotal area*
(ha)		Percentage of all reserved area
TPWSConservation area438622,00018.2%
Game reserve1213,0000.4%
Historic site309,0000.3%
National park191,463,00042.9%
Nature recreation area2567,0002.0%
Nature reserves8635,0001.0%
Regional reserves148454,00013.3%
State reserves6546,0001.4%
Total
managed by TPWS		8232,709,00079.3%
STTInformal reserve121,0003.6%
DPIPWEFuture potential production forest392,00011.5%
OtherOther
not managed by TPWS or STT		192,0005.6%
Total
of all Tasmanian reserved area		3,415,000100%

Marine

Commonwealth marine reserves

See main article: Commonwealth marine reserves. There are several Commonwealth marine reserves in the vicinity of Tasmania, these reserves are not within state waters and are managed by the Australian government. All of the reserves are part of the South-east Commonwealth Marine Reserve Network which contains an additional 4 reserves.[8]

Tasmanian marine protected areas

Marine protected areas (MPAs) in Tasmanian state waters are classed as either conservation area, national park or nature reserve. Only the nature reserve or national park class have either restricted fishing or no take zones.[9] [10] Of the approximately of marine protected areas, about is restricted fishing or no take, Macquarie Island (~75000ha) is a wholly no-take zone.

In total 7.9% of Tasmania's State coastal waters is reserved, however only 4.2% is in no-take areas and the majority of this is concentrated around subantarctic Macquarie Island. Only 1.1% of Tasmania's immediate coastal waters are fully protected in no-take areas.[9]

Private reserves

Reserves on private land is about 4% of the terrestrial protected areas in Tasmania.

Conservation Covenant

See also: Tasmanian Land Conservancy.

Landowners may protect some areas of their land by entering into a Conservation Covenant which is legally binding under the Nature Conservation Act (2002) and is registered on the land title. Although usually in perpetuity, about 7% of the covenant area in Tasmania is fixed-term.[11] [12] In December 2016, there were 819 covenants covering an area of about 99000ha.[13]

Indigenous Protected Areas

There are 8 Indigenous Protected Area in Tasmania, covering an area of about 11000ha.

IUCN V

IUCN VI

Private sanctuaries

Land reserved for the significant natural or cultural values while permitting the carrying out of agricultural or other activities consistent on preserving the values of the land.[1]

Wellington Park

Wellington Park is the protected area which encompasses Mount Wellington and surrounds near Hobart. It is IUCN protected area category II and covers an area of about 18000ha. It is managed by the Wellington Park Management Trust established in 1993 whose members include: Hobart and Glenorchy City Councils, Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service, DPIPWE, TasWater and Tourism Tasmania.[14]

State forest

Future potential production forest

'Future potential production forest land' (FPPF or FPPFL) is crown land administered by the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (DPIPWE) where, except in some circumstances for "special species timbers", no native forest harvesting can be undertaken. It was formally classified as 'future reserve land' (FRL) under the Tasmanian Forests Agreement. FPPF may be converted to 'permanent timber production zone land' (PTPZ or PTPZL) after 2020.[15] [16]

Background

The Tasmanian Forests Agreement which was passed in 2013[17] after almost 4 years of negotiations, categorised about of crown land native forest as FRL, which included areas of forests of the Styx, Weld, Upper Florentine, Great Western Tiers and Tarkine regions.[17] The fate of FRL was dependent upon Tasmanian forest practices gaining Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification.[18] In the recent 2014 audit, Forestry Tasmania (now Sustainable Timber Tasmania) complied with 193 indicators, but needed further action on 10 more.[19] [20]

In September 2014 the Tasmanian government passed legislation[21] which reclassified the 400,000 hectares of FRL as FPPF. After the expiration of the memorandum in April 2020, areas of FPPF can be converted to PTPZ where native forest logging can occur, subject to parliamentary approval. Until 2020, only limited "special species timber" harvesting can be undertaken in FPPF.[22] [23]

Permanent timber production zone land

Sustainable Timber Tasmania is a government business enterprise owned by the Tasmanian Government which manages and operates state forest on crown land (officially classified as 'permanent timber production zone land'). Some of this land has informal protection and is managed for conservation as part of the Tasmanian CAR reserve system (e.g. habitat for threatened species, streamside protection, landscape connectivity).[24] Informal reserves on the public production forest land cover about 121000ha.

Forest reserves

Forest reserves are located on 'permanent timber production zone land' and may have recreation or other tourism facilities.[25]

Conservation areas

A protected area of land predominantly in a natural state. The sustainable use of natural resources may be permitted, such as mining, special species timber harvesting or hunting.[1] [26] There are 438 conservation areas covering a terrestrial area of about 622000ha.[7] [27] Mostly IUCN protected area categories IV, V or VI.[28]

IUCN Ia or Ib

IUCN II

IUCN III

IUCN IV

IUCN V

IUCN VI

Marine conservation areas

Conservation areas that are marine protected areas cover about 12000ha of state waters,[7] [27] and are all IUCN protected area category VI.[28] Marine conservation areas do not have any fishing restrictions.[10]

Game reserves

An area of land conserved for containing natural values that are unique, important or have representative value; particularly games species and allowing the sustainable hunting these species.[1] [26] There are 12 game reserves covering an area of about 20000ha,[7] [27] all are IUCN protected area category VI.[28]

Historic sites

Land with significant historic cultural heritage and is conserved for presentation of these features for public appreciation and education.[1] [26] There are 30 historic sites covering an area of about 16000ha.[7] [27] Most are IUCN protected area category V.[28]

IUCN II

IUCN IV

IUCN V

National parks

A national park in Tasmania is defined as a large natural area of land containing a representative or outstanding sample of major natural regions, features or scenery. National parks serve to protect and maintain the natural and cultural values of the area of land while providing for ecologically sustainable recreation.[1] [26] There are 19 national parks covering a terrestrial area of about 1468000ha, the largest protected area category in Tasmania.[7] [27] [28]

IUCN Ia or Ib

IUCN II

National parks (marine)

Three national parks also have a marine protected area component. These cover about 48000ha of state waters.[7] [27]

Nature recreation areas

Is predominantly in a natural state or contains sensitive natural sites of significance for recreation. Reserved for public recreation and education consistent with conserving the values of the area.[1] [26] There are 25 nature recreation areas covering an area of about 67000ha, mostly IUCN protected area category V.[7] [27] [28]

IUCN III

IUCN V

IUCN VI

Nature reserves

An area of land that is conserved for the natural values that contribute to the natural biological or geological diversity of the area and are unique, important or have representative value.[1] [26] There are 86 nature reserves covering a terrestrial area of about 36000ha. Mostly IUCN protected area category Ia.[7] [27] [28]

IUCN Ia

IUCN IV

IUCN V

Marine nature reserves

Nature reserves that are marine protected areas cover about 76000ha of state waters (includes Macquarie Island).[7] [27]

Regional reserves

May have also previously been known as forest reserves, a regional reserve is an area of land with a high mineral potential or prospectively and is predominantly in a natural state. The purpose of reservation is for mineral exploration and the development of mineral deposits and/or the controlled use of other natural resources, including special species timber harvesting, while protecting and maintaining the natural and cultural values.[1] [26] There are 148 regional reserves covering an area of about 454000ha, a majority are IUCN protected area category IV.[7] [27] [28]

IUCN III

IUCN IV

IUCN V

IUCN VI

State reserves

An area of land which provides protection and maintenance for significant natural landscapes, features, or sites of significance to Aboriginal people.[1] [26] There are 65 state reserves covering an area of about 47000ha. Most are IUCN protected area category II or III.[7] [27] [28]

IUCN Ia

IUCN II

IUCN III

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Nature Conservation Act 2002 . Australasian Legal Information Institute . www.austlii.edu.au . 1 May 2017.
  2. Web site: Reserve Listing: National Parks and Reserves declared under the Nature Conservation Act 2002 . . www.parks.tas.gov.au . 1 May 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170501004523/http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=5710 . 1 May 2017 . dead .
  3. Web site: Crown Land Frequently Asked Questions . parks.tas.gov.au . Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service . 28 June 2016 . 19 June 2017.
  4. Web site: National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002 . Australasian Legal Information Institute . austlii.edu.au . 1 May 2017.
  5. Web site: Wellington Park FAQ . wellingtonpark.org.au . Wellington Park Management Trust . 19 June 2017.
  6. Web site: Wellington Park Act 1993 . Australasian Legal Information Institute . www.austlii.edu.au . 19 June 2017.
  7. Web site: Reserve Summary Report (Nature Conservation Act 2002) [list of TPWS-managed reserves] ]. . parks.tas.gov.au . 20 February 2015 . 1 May 2017.
  8. Web site: South-east Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network . . environment.gov.au . 1 May 2017.
  9. Web site: Marine Reserves . . parks.tas.gov.au . 1 May 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170501004448/http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=397 . 1 May 2017 . dead .
  10. Web site: Marine Reserves . . dpipwe.gov.au . 1 May 2017.
  11. Web site: Private Land Conservation Program: Conservation Covenants . dpipwe.tas.gov.au . . 27 March 2017 . 19 June 2017.
  12. Web site: What is a conservation covenant? . environment.gov.au . . 19 June 2017.
  13. Web site: The Running Postman Issue 22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170620054119/http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/Documents/Running%20Postman%20Dec%202016.pdf . 2017-06-20 . live . dpipwe.tas.gov.au . . 12 . December 2016 . 19 June 2017.
  14. Web site: Wellington Park Management . wellingtonpark.org.au . Wellington Park Management Trust . 19 June 2017.
  15. Web site: RTI 16-17-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170224064441/http://stategrowth.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/142087/RTI_16-17-24_-_info_for_publication.PDF . 2017-02-24 . live . . stategrowth.tas.gov.au . 5 May 2017.
  16. Web site: Rebuilding Tasmania's Forest Industry . . stategrowth.tas.gov.au . 4 May 2017 . 5 May 2017.
  17. Web site: Tasmanian Forests Agreement: deeply flawed, worth backing . The Conversation (Australia) . . Fred . Gale . 8 May 2013 . 5 May 2017.
  18. Web site: Six years is a long time in Tasmania's forests . abc.net.au . . Tim . Walker . Leon . Compton . 30 May 2014 . 5 May 2017.
  19. Web site: Forestry Tasmania faces battle for FSC certification . themercury.com.au . . Blair . Richards . 24 April 2015 . 5 May 2017.
  20. Web site: Forestry Tasmania fails to gain crucial certification to aid overseas marketing . abc.net.au . . Ellen . Coulter . 1 March 2016 . 5 May 2017.
  21. Web site: Forestry (Rebuilding the Forest Industry) Act 2014 . austlii.edu.au . Australasian Legal Information Institute . 25 September 2014 . 5 May 2017.
  22. Web site: Tasmania repeals the forestry peace deal between conservationists and loggers, opening up 400,000 hectares . abc.net.au . . Sam . Ikin . Tom . Nightingale . 3 September 2014 . 5 May 2017.
  23. Web site: End of Tasmania’s forest peace deal heralds more uncertainty . theconversation.com (Australia) . . Russell . Warman . 29 August 2014 . 5 May 2017.
  24. Web site: Interactive Map Layer Definitions: Permanent Timber Production Zone Land Key . forestrytas.com.au . . 5 May 2017.
  25. Web site: Visiting Our Forests . Forestry Tasmania . forestrytas.com.au . 14 May 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170627174337/http://www.forestrytas.com.au/visiting . 27 June 2017 . dead .
  26. Web site: Background Notes 1c Tasmania's protected places . parks.tas.gov.au . . 18 September 2008 . 5 May 2017.
  27. Web site: Tasmanian Reserve Estate Spatial Layer 2016 . dpipwe.tas.gov.au . . 1 May 2017 . 5 May 2017.
  28. Web site: CAPAD 2014 . environment.gov.au . . 2014 . 13 June 2017.

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