Protected appointments system for hereditary privileges in Asia explained

Protected appointments system for hereditary privileges in asia to select candidates for state bureaucracy based on their families historically existed in countries that were part of the East Asian cultural sphere, and the concept originated in China.The system was one of the systems to select candidates for state bureaucracies besides imperial examinations.

Local varieties

China

The yinbuzhi(蔭補制) existed in the Tang dynasty and Song dynasty.^[1]

Korea

Eumseo(음서,蔭敍) was a system of the Goryeo dynasty that determined the suitability of the candidate based on their family backgrounds.There were four attested types of Eumseo found in records.^[2]

Japan

On-i(蔭位) was such a system for Japan that was adopted following the adoption of the Taihō Code in 701, and was allowed for Royal descendants and descendants of offices higher up.^{[3] [4]}

Ryukyu

Ryukyu's kage(蔭) is mentioned as one of the political positions in Ryukyu who wore attire appropriate for 8th class subordinates(八品) .^[5]

Vietnam

Notes and References

1. Web site: [이성수의 생각]음서제]. kgnews.
2. Web site: 음서. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.
3. [Engishiki]
4. 井上光貞・関晃・土田直鎮・青木和夫 校注『律令』（日本思想大系新装版、岩波書店、平成6年（1994年）） ISBN 978-4-00-003751-8
5. [:zh:徐葆光|Xu Baoguang(徐葆光)]