Proposed 2019 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia explained

Short Title:	Constitution (Amendment) Bill 2019
Legislature:	Parliament of Malaysia
Long Title:	A Bill intituled an Act to amend the Federal Constitution.
Territorial Extent:	Malaysia
Considered By:	Dewan Rakyat
Bill Citation:	D.R 7/2019
Introduced By:	Liew Vui Keong
1St Reading:	4 April 2019
2Nd Reading:	9 April 2019 (negatived)
Amends:	Constitution of Malaysia
Related Legislation:	Constitution (Amendment) Act 1976
Summary:	To restore the constitutional status of Sabah and Sarawak according to the Malaysia Agreement.
Status:	Not passed

On 4 April 2019, a bill proposing an amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia was tabled in the Dewan Rakyat of the Parliament of Malaysia. The bill proposes to amend Article 1(2) so as to restore the status of the two East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak according to the original content of Malaysia Agreement that was signed in 1963.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Despite six hours of debate in the Parliament during the second reading of the bill on 9 April,^{[4] [5]} only 138 MPs supported the bill, 10 votes short of the two-thirds majority of the chamber, 148 votes, required for amendments to the Constitution. The remaining 59 (non-absent) votes were abstentions, all of which are from opposition parties.^{[6] [7] [8] [9]}

Background

1976 constitutional amendment

In 1976, under the Malaysian government, Article 1(2) was amended as part of a larger package affecting 45 articles and 2 schedules in the Constitution of Malaysia. This package removed the distinction between the states in Peninsular Malaysia and the Bornean states of Sabah and Sarawak. It was argued, at the time, that the change would lead to greater uniformity between the eastern and western regions of Malaysia. As a result of some political maneuvering by the government, no MPs from Sabah or Sarawak opposed this amendment package.^[10]

Breaches of the Malaysia Agreement

The 1963 Malaysia Agreement, under which Sabah and Sarawak unified with Malaya to become Malaysia, included strong provisions for the autonomy of Sabah and Sarawak (see the 18-point and 20-point agreement). However, this autonomy has eroded in numerous aspects, such as a smaller share of oil revenue than previously agreed and a reduction in the territorial waters that belonged to each state. Following their victory in the 2018 election, the Pakatan Harapan alliance promised to make changes including an amendment to Article 1(2) and a greater share of oil revenue.^{[2] [3] [11] [12]} Other causes of dispute between East and West Malaysia include freedom of religion,^[13] distribution of profits from natural resources,^[14] and demographic change (particularly in Sabah).^[15]

Prior to 2010, the anniversary of Federation was a public holiday in only the East Malaysian states, but it was later made a national holiday by the government in response to an opposition statement declaring their intention to do so if they won an election.^[16] Some groups, including the Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Movement for Change Sarawak (MoCS), and the Sarawak Association of People's Aspirations (SAPA), have cited these issues, among others, as reasons for advocating separation from Malaysia.^{[13] [17] [18]}

1963 Malaysia Agreement (MA63)

Authority of		Current situation under Malaysia
Development	British delegation promised both states a total of £1½ million a year for five years after Malaysia Day, provided the Malayan government also extended aid for that period. Malaya would provide $200 million to North Borneo and $300 million to Sarawak for the first five years of Malaysia, while Singapore would provide a $150 million development loan to North Borneo and Sarawak, of which $100 million would be interest-free for five years^[19] ^[20]	Sabah RM5 billion per year^[21] Sarawak: RM4.3 billion per year ^[22] ^[23] ^[24]
Education	Rights to own education system	Malaysia standardised education system (Dilapidated schools and frequent misinformation in history textbooks for both Sabah and Sarawak history)^[25] ^[26] ^[27]
Immigration	Control immigration entry	Controlled immigration entry via permit^[28] ^[29] (Sabah: Southern Filipino refugees fleeing the civil war were issued IMM13 documents by the Federal government, instead of the Sabahan state government, leading to a situation whereby the refugees, and their families who had settled in Sabah, could not be stripped of their IMM13 without rendering them stateless as the Philippine government did not recognise them as citizens)^[30]
Language	English as the official language	Sabah Malay is amended as official language through the controversial 1973 State Constitution^[31] ^[32] Sarawak: Both Malay and English are official language as of 2015^[33] (Malay is also used in all courts except High Court and Native Court)
Law	Authority to agree/disagree to amend law	Recognised as state under Malaysian laws with the exclusion of certain laws (e.g. National Land Code) (Frequent reported conflicts with federal government regarding indigenous land rights)^[34] ^[35]
Natural resources	North Borneo 40% of the state revenue Sarawak: Up to RM21 million for the first four years (Both North Borneo and Sarawak retain import duty, excise duty and export duty with North Borneo retain a total of 30% from customs and excise for as long it is responsible for health and medical expenditure)	In 1966, the Continental Shelf Act was enforced by the federal government on the two despite both had already extended their jurisdiction over the continental shelf adjacent to their territory. Further in 1974, the Petroleum Development Act was enforced on the two, giving them only 5% of oil royalty from the revenue^[36]
Religion	No official religion	Sabah Islam is amended as official religion through the controversial 1973 State Constitution^[37] Sarawak: No official religion (Updated in state government website as of 2015.^[38] In 2018, Sarawak began to allow converts to renounce Islam if they already wish so without the need to keep forcing them to stay in the religion)^[39] (Frequent cases of Sabahan and Sarawakians non-Muslims identified as Muslims,^[40] ^[41] Muslims who wish to convert out of Islam are being prevented as well the rampant religious intolerance and conversion of non-Muslims students in schools without their parents consent.^[42] In July 2006, state mufti of Sabah issued a fatwa to an ongoing Taoist statue project where a stop-work order was then being imposed by the state government on the construction of Mazu (Goddess of the Sea) statue in Kudat District.^[43] ^[44] Further in April 2007, a local businesswoman loan application was rejected because her unisex styling business was in conflict with Islam)
See also: 1962 Inter-Governmental Committee (IGC) Report and 1963 Malaysia Agreement

Inter-governmental negotiations

In October 2009, the then Prime Minister Najib Razak declared that Malaysia Day would become a national holiday with the intent of promoting unity between West and East Malaysia.^{[16] [45]} On the Malaysia Day following his victory in the 2018 general election, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad announced a commitment to restore Sabah and Sarawak as equal partners to Western Peninsula after a review of the 1963 Malaysia Agreement.^{[46] [47]} That year, the Prime Minister's Department published a special article regarding the formation of the country.^[48]

On 5 March 2019, a meeting was held between Prime Minister Mahathir and representatives from the Sabah and Sarawak governments. Neither party identified any significant items of dispute with regards to the 1963 agreement. Items that were not resolved, such as stamp duty were to be referred to a Technical Review for detailed assessment.^[49] Although some issues were unresolved, Minister of Law in the Prime Minister's Department Liew Vui Keong announced on 8 March that the cabinet had agreed to amend Article 1(2) of the Federal Constitution and that the amendment will be tabled for the next sitting of Parliament on 11 March.^[50] On 11 March, the sitting of Parliament began with the amendment being the primary focus of discussion.^[51]

On 2 April, Minister Liew announced that the federal government would table the amendment at the Parliamentary meeting, scheduled for the following week.^[52]

Dewan Rakyat debate

First reading

On 4 April, before the amendment could be tabled for its first reading by Minister Liew, a number of opposition MPs from Sabah and Sarawak raised significant concerns that the proposed amendment was being pushed through without adequate consultation with East Malaysian MPs on the draft contents. Minister Liew responded with a statement in Parliament that the amendment would effectively change the status of Sabah and Sarawak from state into territory, once the committee completed their review of the 1963 agreement.^[53]

In his statement, Liew also explained that the special committee was chaired by Prime Minister Mahathir, along with the Chief Ministers of Sabah and Sarawak, the Attorney Generals and other high-ranking officers. However, he did not clarify why the bill should be passed before other separate amendments, which would promote greater autonomy of the two entities, were implemented.^[53] Despite the review and meetings, the bill was opposed after the reading,^[54] with one opposition MP, Sim Kui Hian of the Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP) who voted against the bill, stating in an interview that the amendment retained Sarawak as one of the 13 states of Malaysia rather than equal partner. He also stated that there was no amendment to Article 160 of the constitution regarding the definition of "Federation", which should be based on the Malaysia Agreement of 1963 instead of the Malaya Agreement of 1957.^[55] Other opposition MPs also followed suit demanding the bill be temporary retracted.^[56]

Second reading

On 8 April, Minister Liew stated that the wording of the bill would follow the 1963 version of Article 1(2) of the Constitution. The minister also stated that he received no opposition from the Prime Minister or the federal Attorney General.^[57] However, despite these changes,^[58] Fadillah Yusof, Chief Whip of the Sarawak Parties Coalition (GPS), stood firm on a request that the bill be temporarily withdrawn, or referred to a select committee, for further discussion.^[59]

In a speech on 9 April, during the second reading of the bill, Prime Minister Mahathir stated that the amendment was a "starting point and [this] is an appropriate time for the Pakatan Harapan (PH) government to take the first step in realising the needs of the people in Sabah and Sarawak in line with the Malaysia Agreement 1963".^[60] People's Justice Party (PKR) President Anwar Ibrahim concurred saying the matter had undergone extensive debate and that the concerns of the people of Sabah and Sarawak were being addressed by the PH administration. He also stated that restoration of the two states was a meaningful step being undertaken by the PH government, compared to the half century of inaction by the previous Barisan Nasional government, and should not be opposed.^{[4] [61]}

In response to a question from Ketereh MP Tan Sri Annuar Musa concerning the necessity of having a select committee review the bill, Sabah Chief Minister Shafie Apdal agreed that such a review was unnecessary and would only delay other amendments that would restore other aspects of the 1963 agreement. He also refuted claims that passing of the bill would result in an "erosion of nationhood among the people of Sabah and Sarawak".^[62]

Division result

At 10:20 pm local time, the chamber divided.^[63] Of the 197 MPs present, 138 voted in support for the amendment while 59, primarily members of the Barisan Nasional coalition, did not cast a vote. The bill was put up for voting by Speaker Mohamad Ariff Md Yusof after a day-long debate with no MPs from either side actually opposing the restoration bill.

Constitution (Amendment) Bill 2019: second reading division result

	Name	Party (coalition)	Constituency	State
^[64]
1	Abdul Latiff Ahmad	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
2	Abdul Rahim Bakri	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
3	Abdullah Sani Abdul Hamid	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
4	Ahmad Faizal Azumu	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
5	Ahmad Hassan	Sabah Heritage Party
6	Akmal Nasrullah Nasir	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
7	Ali Biju	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
8	Alice Lau Kiong Yieng	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
9	Amiruddin Hamzah	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
10	Anifah Aman	Independent
11	Anthony Loke Siew Fook	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
12	Anuar Tahir	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
13	Anwar Ibrahim	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
14	Arthur Joseph Kurup	United Sabah People's Party (Gabungan Bersatu Sabah)
15	Awang Husaini Sahari	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
16	Azis Jamman	Sabah Heritage Party
17	Azizah Dun	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
18	Azman Ismail	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
19	Baru Bian	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
20	Cha Kee Chin	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
21	Chan Foong Hin	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
22	Chan Ming Kai	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
23	Chang Lih Kang	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
24	Charles Santiago	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
25	Chong Chieng Jen	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
26	Chow Kon Yeow	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
27	Christina Liew Chin Jin	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
28	Darell Leiking	Sabah Heritage Party
29	Dzulkefly Ahmad	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
30	Eddin Syazlee Shith	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
31	Edmund Santhara	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
32	Fahmi Fadzil	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
33	Farid Rafik	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
34	Fasiah Fakeh	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
35	Fong Kui Lun	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
36	Fuziah Salleh	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
37	Gobind Singh Deo	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
38	Hamzah Zainudin	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
39	Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
40	Hasan Bahrom	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
41	Hasanuddin Yunus	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
42	Hassan Abdul Karim	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
43	Hatta Ramli	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
44	Ikmal Hisham Abdul Aziz	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
45	Isnaraissah Munirah Majilis	Sabah Heritage Party
46	Jeffrey Kitingan	Homeland Solidarity Party (Gabungan Bersatu Sabah)
47	Johari Abdul	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
48	Jonathan Yasin	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
49	Jugah Muyang	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
50	June Leow Hsiad Hui	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
51	Kamarudin Jaffar	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
52	Karuppaiya Muthusamy	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
53	Kasthuriraani Patto	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
54	Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
55	Kesavan Subramaniam	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
56	Khalid Abdul Samad	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
57	Khoo Poay Tiong	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
58	Larry Sng Wei Shien	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
59	Lee Boon Chye	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
60	Liew Vui Keong	Sabah Heritage Party
61	Lim Guan Eng	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
62	Lim Kit Siang	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
63	Lim Lip Eng	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
64	M. Kulasegaran	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
65	Ma'mun Sulaiman	Sabah Heritage Party
66	Mahathir Mohamad	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
67	Mahfuz Omar	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
68	Mansor Othman	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
69	Maria Chin Abdullah	Independent
70	Mas Ermieyati Samsudin	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
71	Maximus Ongkili	United Sabah Party (Gabungan Bersatu Sabah)
72	Michael Teo Yu Keng	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
73	Mohamad Sabu	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
74	Mohamed Azmin Ali	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
75	Mohamed Hanipa Maidin	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
76	Mohammadin Ketapi	Sabah Heritage Party
77	Mordi Bimol	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
78	Muhammad Bakhtiar Wan Chik	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
79	Muhyiddin Yassin	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
80	Mujahid Yusof Rawa	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
81	Mukhriz Mahathir	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
82	Mustapa Mohamed	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
83	Natrah Ismail	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
84	Nga Kor Ming	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
85	Ngeh Koo Ham	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
86	Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
87	Noor Azmi Ghazali	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
88	Noorita Sual	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
89	Nor Azrina Surip	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
90	Nurul Izzah Anwar	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
91	Ong Kian Ming	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
92	Oscar Ling Chai Yew	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
93	Pang Hok Liong	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
94	P. Prabakaran	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
95	R. Sivarasa	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
96	Ramkarpal Singh	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
97	Rashid Hasnon	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
98	Redzuan Yusof	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
99	Rina Harun	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
100	Ronald Kiandee	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
101	Rosol Wahid	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
102	Rozman Isli	Sabah Heritage Party
103	Rusnah Aluai	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
104	Sanisvara Nethaji	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
105	Saifuddin Abdullah	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
106	Saifuddin Nasution Ismail	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
107	Salahuddin Ayub	National Trust Party (Pakatan Harapan)
108	Shabudin Yahaya	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
109	Shafie Apdal	Sabah Heritage Party
110	Shahruddin Salleh	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
111	Sim Tze Tzin	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
112	Steven Choong Shiau Yoon	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
113	Steven Sim Chee Keong	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
114	Su Keong Siong	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
115	Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
116	Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
117	Tan Kok Wai	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
118	Tan Yee Kew	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
119	Teh Kok Lim	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
120	Tengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
121	Teo Nie Ching	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
122	Teresa Kok Suh Sim	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
123	Tony Pua Kiam Wee	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
124	V. Sivakumar	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
125	Wan Azizah Wan Ismail	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
126	Wilfred Madius Tangau	United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation
127	William Leong Jee Keen	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
128	Willie Mongin	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
129	Wong Chen	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
130	Wong Hon Wai	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
131	Wong Kah Woh	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
132	Wong Ling Biu	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
133	Wong Shu Qi	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
134	Wong Tack	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
135	Xavier Jayakumar Arulanandam	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
136	Yeo Bee Yin	Democratic Action Party (Pakatan Harapan)
137	Zakaria Edris	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
138	Zuraida Kamaruddin	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
Abstained (59)^[65]
1	Aaron Ago Dagang	Sarawak Peoples' Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
2	Abdul Azeez Abdul Rahim	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
3	Abdul Latiff Abdul Rahman	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
4	Adham Baba	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
5	Ahmad Amzad Hashim	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
6	Ahmad Fadhli Shaari	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
7	Ahmad Johnie Zawawi	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
8	Ahmad Maslan	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
9	Ahmad Marzuk Shaary	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
10	Ahmad Tarmizi Sulaiman	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
11	Alexander Nanta Linggi	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
12	Annuar Musa	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
13	Anyi Ngau	Progressive Democratic Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
14	Awang Hashim	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
15	Bung Moktar Radin	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
16	Che Abdullah Mat Nawi	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
17	Che Alias Hamid	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
18	Fadillah Yusof	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
19	Halimah Mohamed Sadique	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
20	Hanifah Hajar Taib	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
21	Hasbi Habibollah	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
22	Hasbullah Osman	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
23	Henry Sum Agong	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
24	Ismail Muttalib	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
25	Ismail Sabri Yaakob	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
26	Jalaluddin Alias	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
27	Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
28	Khairuddin Aman Razali	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
29	Lukanisman Awang Sauni	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
30	M. Saravanan	Malaysian Indian Congress (Barisan Nasional)
31	Mahdzir Khalid	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
32	Masir Kujat	Sarawak United Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
33	Mastura Yazid	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
34	Nancy Shukri	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
35	Nik Abduh Nik Abdul Aziz	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
36	Nik Muhammad Zawawi Salleh	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
37	Nizar Zakaria	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
38	Noh Omar	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
39	Noraini Ahmad	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
40	Ramli Nor	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
41	Richard Riot Jaem	Sarawak United Peoples' Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
42	Robert Lawson Chuat	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
43	Rohani Abdul Karim	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
44	Rubiah Wang	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
45	Sabri Azit	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
46	Salim Sharif	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
47	Mohd Shahar Abdullah	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
48	Shaharizukirnain Abdul Kadir	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
49	Shahidan Kassim	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
50	Shamsul Anuar Nasarah	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
51	Takiyuddin Hassan	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
52	Tiong King Sing	Progressive Democratic Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
53	Tuan Ibrahim	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
54	Wan Hassan Ramli	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
55	Wan Junaidi	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
56	Wee Ka Siong	Malaysian Chinese Association (Barisan Nasional)
57	Wilson Ugak Kumbong	Sarawak People's Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
58	Yusuf Abdul Wahab	United Bumiputera Heritage Party (Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
59	Siti Zailah Yusoff	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
Did not participate (8)
1	Ahmad Hamzah	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
2	Hasan Arifin	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
3	Hishammuddin Hussein	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
4	Reezal Merican Naina Merican	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
5	Tajuddin Abdul Rahman	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
6	Tengku Adnan	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
7	Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
8	Zahidi Zainul Abidin	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
Absent (16)^[66] ^[67]
1	Abdul Hadi Awang	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Gagasan Sejahtera)
2	Abdul Rahman Mohamad	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
3	Syed Abu Hussin Hafiz	Independent
4	Ahmad Nazlan Idris	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
5	Ahmad Zahid Hamidi	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
6	Azalina Othman Said	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
7	Idris Jusoh	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
8	Ismail Mohamed Said	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
9	Khairy Jamaluddin	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
10	Maszlee Malik	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
11	Muslimin Yahaya	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Pakatan Harapan)
12	Najib Razak	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
13	Nazri Aziz	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
14	Noor Amin Ahmad	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
15	Shamsul Iskandar	People's Justice Party (Pakatan Harapan)
16	Yamani Hafez Musa	United Malays National Organisation (Barisan Nasional)
1	Vacant^[68]
Source: Division result from an unspecified article on Malaysiakini via Reddit

A separate motion by Santubong MP, Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar, for the bill to be submitted to a special committee of Parliament for a review was supported by only 60 MPs and opposed by 136 MPs. The full sitting of parliament was one MP short as Wong Tien Fatt had died from a heart attack a week prior to the vote.^{[7] [9]} As the bill had failed to reach the required two-thirds majority, it would not get a third reading in Parliament. Despite this, PKR President Anwar Ibrahim said that he was satisfied with the show of support from government MPs and their coalition allies.^[6] Prime Minister Mahathir said that, despite the failure of the bill to pass, he did not expect future efforts at amending the constitution to fail. He also stated that, in response to a request by Pontian MP Ahmad Maslan, there was no need to refer the amendment to the Conference of Rulers for review as it was not within their remit, but there would be no opposition from the government if members of parliament sought the formation of a select committee to review the 1963 agreement.^{[4] [9] [69]}

Domestic response

Following the commitment shown by Prime Minister Mahathir, and responding to the need for review, Sabah Social Activist Patrick Sindu suggested that the steering committee set up to review the 1963 agreement should also invite the British government for feedback considering they were party to the original agreement.^[70] Sarawak Assistant Minister of Law, State-Federal Relations and Project Monitoring Sharifah Hasidah Sayeed Aman Ghazali pointed out that any review of the 1963 agreement should be aimed at remedying any violation of the terms, spirit and intent of the formation of the Federation of Malaysia.^[71] Both the Sabah Council of Churches (SCC) and the Association of Churches in Sarawak (ACS) have called for a full restoration of religious freedom.^{[72] [73] [74]}

The President of the Sabah Law Society Brenndon Keith Soh issued a statement saying that legal action could be taken against the federal government if it fails to fully implement the 1963 agreement.^{[75] [76]} Arnold Puyok, a commenter on Sabah and Sarawak affairs, stressed that the restoration of the territorial status of Sabah and Sarawak should be viewed from a perspective that encompasses Malaysian federalism, and not with a bias towards either Sabah or Sarawak.^[77] Sabah Sarawak Rights-Australia New Zealand Incorporation (SSRANZ) President Robert Pei pointed to parallels between the issues surrounding the 1963 agreement and those that arose during the decolonisation of Mauritius in 1968 when the island nation challenged the validity of the 1965 Agreement with the United Kingdom removing the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritian control. According to Pei, the 1963 agreement was invalid from inception as, per a judgement by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), Sabah and Sarawak were both still British colonies, and not sovereign nations, at the time and thus had no power to sign treaties.^[78]

Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) Sabah Women Chief Pamela Yong said that she doubted the "sincerity" of the federal government and perceived it as a move to temporarily placate discontented residents of the two states.^[79] State Reform Party (STAR Sarawak) President Lina Soo,^[80] Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR Sabah) President, and MP, Jeffrey Kitingan as well as Nancy Shukri of the United Bumiputera Heritage Party (PBB) of Sarawak all issued statements cautioning against rushing the bill and have strongly emphasised the need for a complete review. Dr Kitingan expressed concerns that the amendment was "shrouded in secrecy", while MP Nancy Shukri is one of many voices urging the government to release a draft to them.^{[81] [82]} The Sarawak committee that is acting as consultants on the negotiations have stated they will refrain from commenting until they have been provided with the contents of the bill.^[83]

Chief Minister of Sabah, Shafie Apdal, said that once the amendment was passed, Sabah would consider dropping the word "state" from official documents,^[84] where as Chief Minister of Sarawak, Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari, said that the word "state" would be dropped completely.^[85] Former Sabah Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) Deputy Commissioner, and lawyer, Hamid Ismail responded to these statements by claiming that such actions would violate the 1963 agreement.^[86] United Sabah Party (PBS) Youth Chief Christopher Mandut countered this claim, instead arguing that the use of the word "state" was an inexact translation of "negeri" as used in the modern political sense. He cited Germany and Italy as examples of states that were not "negeri" but were nonetheless referred to as "states" in the sovereign sense.^[87] STAR Sarawak President Lina Soo also issued a statement to this effect, saying that "Borneo States" differs from "states of Malaya" ("negeri"), which specifically referred to constituent territories of a sovereign nation. She claimed that the British used "state", when renaming the "British Borneo Territories" to "Borneo States of Sabah and Sarawak", to refer to "self-governing entities with a history, laws, political and social systems".^[88]

Opposition leader Ismail Sabri Yaakob expressed the opposition's support for the bill, but he also had concerns over various aspects of its content, such as the absence of any reference to the 1963 agreement.^[89] He also expressed concerns that the bill was being rushed through without a careful review by the Parliamentary Select Committee.^[4]

Reactions after the amendment bill tabling on 4 April

In an interview, Nancy Shukri, the PBB MP representing Batang Sadong, perceived the proposed amendment as a "trap" as she could not see how the hastily proposed amendment could restore the position of Sabah and Sarawak. She also noted the absence of several Sarawak PH MPs when the bill was tabled during its first reading on 4 April and added stated her desire for a deferral of the amendment to a select committee for an in-depth review,^[90] with an eye towards ensuring related legislation is also amended accordingly. Nonetheless, she called for members of Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) and Pakatan Harapan (PH) to come together in a show of bipartisanship and to cooperate in ensuring the status of Sarawak is restored.^{[4] [91]} STAR Sarawak President Lina Soo also announced her support for a temporary withdrawal of the bill and to debate it in the Sarawak legislative assembly as well as seek the affirmation of the people. She stated her concern that "Without the safeguards and assurances defined in the explanatory statement, this Bill is a manipulative and repugnant act which is like giving a blank cheque to PH to write, or akin to locking ourselves in a prison and throwing the keys away".^[88]

A Sarawakian lawyer, Robert Lau Hui Yew from SUPP,^[92] dismissed the proposed amendment as "just playing with the construction of a sentence". According to his analysis, the amendment merely splits the 1976 agreement into two parts, but is effectively the same sentence. He further alleges that the drafting of the amendment could have been a simple process and yet "the drafters are trying to confuse and hold on to the assimilated nature of Malaya in the guise of Malaysia".^[93] Similar views were also expressed by former Sabah Chief Minister, and Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) President, Yong Teck Lee together with SUPP Youth Chief Michael Tiang and Sarawak MP Tiong King Sing.^{[94] [95] [96] [97]}

Sarawak Legal Counsel JC Fong further said that the federal government should redefine the "federation term" to achieve equal status for both entities as through the bill reading, there will still be 13 states in Malaysia including Sarawak and Sabah based on Clause (2) in the bill.^[98] PBS President Maximus Ongkili described the proposed amendment as a "disappointment" as there is really nothing in it when Sabah continued to be mentioned as one of the 13 states through the tabling on 4 April when the actual reason for the amendment is to restore the position of the two entities as equal partners, adding that is why most of the opposition MPs from both entities proposing a review by a select committee for a study and modification on the bill which then will be referred to the two current state assemblies for debate and adoption before the national Parliament being allowed to make a vote.^[99] Another Sabah MP Anifah Aman urge the federal government not to be hasty with a deep study are required before its tabling as the issue has long been a thorny issue and a cause of growing unhappiness amongst Sabahans and Sarawakians residents.^[100] Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) political analyst Lee Kuok Tiung calling the amendment as "nonsensical", saying that with such definition during the tabling, he wondering how the two entities can be equal partners.^[101] Former Minister in the Prime Minister Department and United Sabah People's Party (PBRS) President Joseph Kurup said the bill is far from what the people in the two entities wished but urging the matter should not being prolonged as it will causing further tense relationship between the two entities with the federation.^[102] As a solution, Kurup calling Minister Liew to postponed the tabling and held discussion with all of the involved MPs before presenting the bill again in the Parliament for its second reading and debate.^[102] The Vice President of Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Yew Chau Khiong said the amendment bill is too "hasty" in its first reading, calling the governments of the two entities together with the Advocates Association of Sarawak (AAS) and Sabah Law Society to make a more in-depth study followed by a discussion on the proposed amendment before being referred to a select committee in Parliament prior to debate and voting as an hasty amendment which just passed for the sake of achieving an objective will only resulting in consequences that affecting the lives of future generations as evidenced in the current situation of both entities.^[103]

In response to the claim made by Minister Liew who said the two Chief Ministers have been consulted over the bill, Sarawak Chief Minister Abang Zohari made a clear statement that no approval was given by both Chief Ministers from Sabah and Sarawak on the amendment in its current form with the cabinet committee appointed for the review of the 1963 agreement never discussed the actual wording of the amendment in its meetings.^[104] Abang Zohari further explained that they will support any amendment to the Federal Constitution or any law that seeks to restore their rights as according to the 1963 agreement but the amendments must not merely in form but of substantive nature.^[105] PBB also respond to the appeal made by Chong Chieng Jen of the DAP in Sarawak through its Information Chief Idris Buang who said the federal government need to respond to a list of claims made by the Sarawak government delegation in the committee reviewing the 1963 agreement which includes Sarawak's stand on non-negotiable matters pertaining to its rights over land, continental shelf, natural resources (oil and gas and mining rights) as well as the special grants and capitation grants along with the need for equal share of parliamentary seats following the exit of Singapore from the federation in 1965 as the proposed amendment is just not simply to get it done to prevent getting a supposed rights restoration which is just "beautiful in the outside, but actually empty inside".^[106]

Response by the federal government and other allied parties on the definition of the bill

Prime Minister Mahathir said afterwards that it is up to Sabah and Sarawak MPs to support the bill, adding that what they have announced is that they will recognise the amendment as an agreement among three entities — the Federation of Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak. But as the previous constitution did not make it clear, they have to amend the constitution by getting two-thirds majority vote in the Parliament.^[107] Minister Liew also said that both Sabah and Sarawak leaders have been consulted and have deliberated over the issue with both entities will be termed as territories, telling that if the opposition MPs want to establish a separate special select committee on the matter, it can be done but since it is a government bill, it will not initiate a proposal to establish one.^[107] During Mahathir visit to Sabah on 6 April, the Prime Minister assuring the public that the amendment is not merely a cosmetic with the federal government will fulfill its promise for the two entities to get equal status to Peninsular Malaysia, officially declaring that:

Responding to the criticism towards him and the federal government on the bill content definition during the tabling, Minister Liew explained that through the 1963 agreement, every party have agreed on the definition but it became null in 1966 following the Singapore exit from the federation in 1965 where an amendment was made in the year of the nullification.^{[108] [109]} In 1976, another amendment was made to placed both Sabah and Sarawak as "negeri" by dropping the words like "the States of Malaya, namely" and "the Borneo States, namely" from the original definition of the States of the Federation of Malaysia where it receive two-thirds majority vote from the Parliament including the support from the MPs of the two entities itself thus saying the leaders from the two only realising their mistake recently when they who are supposed to oppose the previous 1976 amendment.^{[108] [109]} The statement are similarly echoed by Sarawak PH Chairman Chong Chieng Jen who agreed that it is actually PBB and SUPP MPs who support the downgrade of Sarawak status to one of the 13 states in Malaysia when they were still part of the BN coalition without realising its implications today.^[110]

On 7 April, both the Democratic Action Party (DAP) branches in East Malaysia through Chong Chieng Jen for Sarawak and Chan Foong Hin for Sabah appeal to both opposition MPs in the two entities to stop playing politics and remove their egos as the bill will soon be debated and put to vote on 9 April,^[111] adding that co-operation between government and opposition MPs are needed to undo the wrongdoings of the past as any failure to pass the bill in the end will only resulting to negative consequences on the negotiation for the rights in the 1963 agreement.^[112] Chan explained the amendment were indeed seeking to reverse the previous amendment in 1976 which placed both entities as one of 13 states in Malaysia as the 1963 agreement committee are still doing its work with more amendments to come soon.^[112] On the reason behind the exclusion of several phrases as mentioned before, Chong stated that it was due to an earlier discussion made by the committee who feel both of the entities are not the only states on the island of Borneo as there are also the country of Brunei and Indonesian Kalimantan provinces, explaining that the proposed amendment is similar in structure to the original Article 4 (1) of the Federal Constitution even with the exclusion.^[111]

Similar views were also expressed earlier by Sarawak PKR lawmaker See Chee How who urging every MPs to put aside their political differences to fulfill the long-waited aspiration and hope of all Sarawakians and Sabahans to right the wrong of the last 43 years, adding that the committee and various working groups on the matters are still deliberating and working with steps are being taken to devolve the autonomous powers to both entities with their report is scheduled to be finalised and revealed by the committee in June.^[113] Sarawak Assemblyman from Padungan Wong King Wei further said that opposition MPs should not doubt the present federal government sincerities to restore the rights of the two entities as if they were not care on the issues, they will just ignore by not doing anything like in the past over the matters.^[114] He elaborated that several steps as the evidence of the federal government commitment have been shown such as the forming of a special committee on the 1963 agreement and even tabled an amendment bill to the Parliament, adding that the proposed amendment is just one of the first steps to restore the two entities rights as when their status have been restored, both entities can discuss further in the round table of the committee for further negotiations on their rights.^[114]

Other PKR MP from Sarawak such as Willie Mongin said the federal government move for the bill tabling is good as one of the first step to legally restore the two entities rights as according to the original 1963 agreement, but openly expressing that he is "displeased" with the words used in the proposed amendment and believed the wording could be refined, adding his proposals that "Sarawak should be stated as Negara Sarawak (the Country of Sarawak) and Sabah as Negara Sabah (the Country of Sabah), not as one [of] the states in the federation" as the previous wording may indicate that both entities are just one of the states in the federation in par with Malay Peninsula states that will causing confusion and misinterpretation.^[115] The United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) also distancing their opinion differ than other government allied parties who simply supporting the bill, the party President Wilfred Madius Tangau agreed with the suggestion by opposition MPs to refer the amendment to the special committee before the second reading in Parliament on the evening of 9 April, stressing that the process must be fulfilled if the federal government was really serious in implementing the 1963 agreement and restoring their rights since a bill that was tabled in a rush will only drawn negative reactions from various parties in both of the entities as the amendment have implications that will subsequently transformed the federation governance.^[116] Ronald Kiandee of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (PPBM) said the bill must be approved by the MPs from both entities as it had long been anticipated to lift the ranks of the current two states.^[4]

Aftermath of the bill second reading and subsequent voting

Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad said he did not expect the federal government bid to amend the constitution will fail, explaining that even with the unsatisfied result, they need to respect the decision made by opposition as every lawmaker has the right to vote "whatever they have set their sights on" and stressing the bill was not done in haste.^[9] Deputy Prime Minister Wan Azizah Wan Ismail also expressed her deep disappointment over the result since she put a deep hope for the return of both entities status, adding that she thought when seeing the debate session everyone seemed to have agreed.^[117] PKR President Anwar Ibrahim blamed the failure on the passage of the bill for the constitutional amendment to both UMNO and BN who are majority seen jointly choose to be "abstained" without giving their concrete reason in the voting, citing that since their long period of administrating the country, they did not even want to review the amendment of the country.^{[6] [118]} He further added that the amendment was very meaningful and historic to the people of the country, especially to Sabah and Sarawak since the matter has been debated for a long time and we have heard the complaints of frustration and sadness of the people from both of the entities, adding that he could not understand why some people still disputed the matter when the old administration could not even moved an inch when they were in power for more than half a century.^[4] Sabah Chief Minister Shafie Apdal expressed his very deep disappointment on the failure to amend the constitution. In a statement, he expressed:

Despite the deep disappointment, Shafie said the result of the voting is not the end of their struggle for equalities but instead its just becoming the first one after 55 years with the struggle will continues by all means, adding that he refuse to blaming anyone on the result when asked by the media whether he thought their counterpart Sarawak was to be blame for placing their politics above the bill with the Sabah government would continue their co-operation together with Sarawak government for the return of their rights.^{[119] [120]} Former Chief Minister of Sabah and MP of UPKO, Bernard Giluk Dompok opined that all lawmakers should support the bill because the federal government had done what it was supposed to do to return the two entities status as before the 1976 amendment.^[121] Petaling Jaya MP and social activist Maria Chin Abdullah called the 59 MPs who choose to abstained from the voting have shown through their own action that they are really not committed to the country reform agenda where they were blinded by their own political interests and have forsaken the struggles and aspirations of the people in the two entities which as a direct result of their conducts, these MPs have effectively retained both Sabah and Sarawak as only states in the federation of Malaysia.^[122] Minister of International Trade and Industry and President of the Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) Darell Leiking said the majority decision taken by opposition MPs evidently showing they have no dignity towards their voters, adding that it was a historical moment for the country when the Prime Minister have willing to read out the rationale behind amending the constitution which would have reinstated our status to the pre-1976 amendment, but instead all of these efforts been wasted by the opposition MPs.^[123] The PH coalition in Sarawak through their Secretary Senator, Alan Ling expressed their great disappointment as the historical opportunity to restore both entities status had been dashed to the ground by the decision of the opposition to abstained from voting, adding that the opposition especially GPS had intentionally failing the aspirations of Sarawakians which is totally unacceptable and beyond any justification with any further excuses given by GPS MPs have no merit as the wording on the proposed amendment have been agreed to be redefined as in the original version of 1963 agreement.^[124] Despite the failure of the bill passage, Minister Liew has stated that they would never give up and would continue to fight for the people especially for those in the two entities,^[125] calling the action by a small group of parliamentarians not voting for the amendment was unreasonable and detrimental to the society with the moment will forever be remembered and identified by the generation as those who preventing the return of the two entities status.^[5]

GPS through its SUPP President Sim Kui Hian said the blame should not been thrown on them, but instead the federal government should have listened earlier to their demands to amend the definition of the "federation" as a federation that were established through the 1963 agreement, not under the federation term as inscribed in the 1957 Malaya Agreement.^[126] STAR Sarawak President Lina Soo called the failure to pass the bill as a "landmark victory" for Sarawakians and Sabahans, praising that the political maturity of the people in the two entities has reached new heights which is not seen since the formation of the country.^[127] She adding that the people had voiced out loud and clear that any constitutional amendment without adhering to the principle of the 1963 agreement must be rejected where she also insisted that any constitutional amendment which would have subsequent effect to the political position of the two entities must first be brought before the current state legislative assembly for legitimacy.^[127] Responding to the "landmark victory" as claimed by opposition allied parties, Sabah Beluran MP Ronald Kiandee described the move by the opposition as just to politicising the issue too much with their abstention from the bill voting just for the sake of opposing.^[128] Former law lecturer Abdul Aziz Bari also said those opposition MPs who didn't vote for the amendment bill could have actually used their debate time to point out what they saw as lacking in it and ask for the gaps to be filled, calling the suggestion made by an opposition MP from Pengerang, Azalina Othman Said for the need of a select committee before the bill tabling are actually just to wasting the time.^[129] The adviser of the Sabah government on the 1963 agreement, Zainnal Ajamain said following the result, the two entities lost their opportunity to restore their status as equal partners. In a statement, he said:

An independent Sabah MP, Anifah Aman stated that even the Parliament failed to pass the bill, the fight for equal partnership will never end.^[130] The leader of the opposition, Ismail Sabri Yaakob stressed that even the opposition choose to abstained in the voting, the bill are not actually lost since not even a single opposition MPs rejecting the bill, adding that the federal government should not have been rushed for its tabling in the Parliament but instead taken it up for a thorough discussion at the parliamentary select committee as if the joint committee have expressing their views along with their facts, both can jointly support the amendment since he himself also questioned the amendment bid's significance to the two entities which according to him would only highlight the difference between those in the peninsula and those in Borneo from a geographical perspective.^[131] Similar opinion were also expressed by an UMNO Supreme Council Member and former MP Abdul Rahman Dahlan who said that he did not blame the Prime Minister for what has happened as the bill was originally drafted by Minister Liew who failed to understand what opposition MPs from the two entities really wanted with regard to the amendment, adding that if the bill was earlier sent to the select committee, it surely be a win-win situation for all concerned parties with the Prime Minister would receive praises from all quarters.^[132] Similar views were expressed by Sarawak Chief Minister Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari.^[133] Another opposition MP of MCA from Ayer Hitam, Wee Ka Siong said the proposed bill is done in rush and merely a cosmetic change, stressing that the opposition only want the bill to be looked into carefully and diligently for the constitutional amendment.^[134] Nevertheless, with the unaccomplished goals, Sabah Deputy Chief Minister Wilfred Madius Tangau hopes the steering committee on the 1963 agreement chaired by the Prime Minister would meet as soon as possible to further discuss steps that will be taken by the Sabah government.^[135] On the proposal to re-tabling the bill in the Parliament as the bill should be referred first to a special committee, Prime Minister Mahathir answered the question that a discussion will be held with involved MPs on the matter with the re-tabling would depend on "needs".^{[136] [137]} The Sabah Legislative Assembly through Chief Minister Shafie had announced they would table emergency motion regarding the 1963 agreement in the nearest time to regain their rights despite the bill failure following the request made by one of the assemblyman, Masidi Manjun.^{[138] [139] [140]} On 18 April, the Sabah assembly unanimously passed a motion to endorse the proposed amendment if it gets re-tabled in the national Parliament.^{[141] [142]} The Sarawak Legislative Assembly follow suits on 30 April by unanimously approves motion for constitutional amendments on Sarawak's rights with the motion includes a provision for the amendment of Article 1(2) of the Federal Constitution by inserting "pursuant to Malaysia Agreement 1963" which subsequently read as: "The States of the Federation, pursuant to Malaysian Agreement 1963, shall be".^[143]

Local analysts hold the view that the failure for the bill passage is not end on the struggle of both entities to restore their status, urging both sides of political factions either from the government and opposition to stop blaming each other and moving forwards towards a solution for the betterment of the residents in the two entities.^[144] Other political analysts also in the position that the opposition faction of GPS did not simply want the bill to fail, but instead just want to ensure it is done correctly, adding that despite the bill failure, the federal government must move forward to correct the long historical grievances in the two entities before it is escalated into far more secessionist option with the growing frustration and unhappiness.^{[145] [146]}

During the celebration of Sarawak Day on 22 July, Sarawak Association for People's Aspiration (SAPA) reminded the federal government to not wasting further time to restore Sarawak's rights and status under the 1963 agreement with the increase independence sentiment among the people.^[147] Further on 25 July, Sabah Chief Minister Shafie said that Prime Minister Mahathir will announce the restoration of both Sabah and Sarawak rights in the nearest time.^[148] On 17 December, Minister Liew announced that the proposed amendment to be re-tabled in March 2020 following a reach consensus through a three-way meeting between Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, Sabah Chief Minister Shafie Apdal and Sarawak Chief Minister Abang Zohari held at the Prime Minister's office on 16 December 2019.^[149]

Two years after the failed attempt, on 16 September 2021, Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob pledged to look into issues relating to Sabah and Sarawak via the Special Council on Malaysia Agreement 1963.^[150] The amendments were tabled on 3 November 2021, consisting of four changes, being restoring Sabah and Sarawak as "territories", defining Malaysia Day as the day when Sabah and Sarawak joined and changes to the definition of the Federation, and defining who are natives of Sabah and Sarawak.^[151] On 14 December 2021, the proposed amendment was passed in the Parliament unanimously with 199 votes in favour, and 21 MPs absent from the 6-hour long debate.^[152] The law came into force on 11 February 2022.^[153]

See also

• List of amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia
• Separatist movements of Malaysia
• Separation of Singapore from Malaysia

References

Print

• Book: Silcock , Thomas Henry . 1963 . The Political Economy of Independent Malaya: A Case-study in Development . registration . 53 . borneo special rights. . University of California Press . GGKEY:LTF1ABP2J6P .
• Book: Wilson , L. S. . 1996 . Federal-state fiscal arrangements in Malaysia ; State revenue equalization in Malaysia . registration . sabah 40% state revenue. . Queen's University, John Deutsch Institute for the Study of Economic Policy .
• Book: Chin . Anthony . Choi . Alfred . 1998 . Law, Social Sciences, and Public Policy: Towards a Unified Framework . NUS Press . 978-9971-69-205-6 .
• Book: Hashim , Shireen Mardziah . 1998 . Income Inequality and Poverty in Malaysia . Rowman & Littlefield . 978-0-8476-8858-6 .
• Book: Sadiq , Kamal . 2008 . Paper Citizens: How Illegal Immigrants Acquire Citizenship in Developing Countries . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-988813-9 .
• Book: Lim , Regina . 2008 . Federal-state Relations in Sabah, Malaysia: The Berjaya Administration, 1976-85 . Institute of Southeast Asian Studies . 978-981-230-812-2 .
• Book: Dambul . Ramzah . Omar . Marja Azlima . Osman . Sabihah . 2010 . Sabah Priority Issues: Setting the Course for Change . Universiti Malaysia Sabah . 978-967-5224-45-4 .
• Book: Harding , Andrew . 2012 . The Constitution of Malaysia: A Contextual Analysis . Bloomsbury Publishing . 978-1-84731-983-8 .
• Book: Harding . Andrew J. . Chin . James . 2014 . 50 Years of Malaysia: Federalism Revisited . Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd . 978-981-4561-96-9 .
• Book: Weiss , Meredith L. . 2014 . Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Malaysia . Taylor & Francis . 978-1-317-62958-0 .
• Book: Kaur , A. . 2016 . Economic Change in East Malaysia: Sabah and Sarawak since 1850 . Palgrave Macmillan UK . 978-0-230-37709-7 .
• Book: Popelier , Patricia . 2019 . Constitutional Asymmetry in Multinational Federalism: Managing . Springer . 978-3-030-11701-6 .

Further reading

• Web site: The Historical Moments That Led Up To Malaysia's Formation, Captured In 35 Old Photos. Tang Ruxyn. Says.com. 15 September 2017.
• Web site: 5 Facts You Didn't Know About The Malaysia Agreement 1963. Fadzel. AskLegal. 2017.
• Why new Malaysian govt must heed MA63 rallying cry. James Chin. The Straits Times. Academia.edu. 31 May 2018.
• Web site: Restoring Sabah and Sarawak's lost rights. John Teo. New Straits Times. 22 September 2018.
• Sabah and Sarawak in the 14th General Election 2018 (GE14): Local Factors and State Nationalism. James Chin. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs. 19 November 2018. 37. 173–192. 3. 10.1177/186810341803700308. free.
• Web site: Protecting special rights of Borneo Territories. Alex Ling. The Borneo Post. 27 January 2019.
• Web site: Necessary amendments of the FC and Federal Acts. Alex Ling. The Borneo Post. 24 February 2019.
• Web site: Status Update: Sabah & Sarawak Will No Longer Be Treated like Any Other States in Peninsula. Alief Esmail. World of Buzz. 10 March 2019. 9 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190409023937/https://www.worldofbuzz.com/status-update-sabah-sarawak-will-no-longer-be-treated-like-any-other-states-in-peninsula/. 9 April 2019. dead.
• Web site: Necessary amendments on the Territorial Sea, EEZ and Continental Shelf of Sarawak and Sabah. Alex Ling. The Borneo Post. 7 April 2019.
• Web site: Back to the future for East Malaysia?. Joseph Chinyong Liow. The Straits Times. 9 April 2019. subscription.
• Web site: Commentary: The ghost of Borneo, talk of secession are back to haunt Malaysia. James Chin. Channel NewsAsia. 10 April 2019.
• Web site: Restore Sabah, Sarawak as equal partners. Sin Chew Daily. 11 April 2019.
• Web site: Futile bid for 'equal partner' status evokes passion in Sabah, Sarawak. Eileen Ng. The Straits Times. 22 April 2019. subscription.

External links

• Constitution of Malaysia (as of 2010)

Notes and References

1. Web site: Key points from the Malaysia Agreement 1963. The Star. 16 September 2018. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404171113/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/16/key-points-from-the-malaysia-agreement-1963-1-unlike-malaysian-laws-ma63-cannot-be-changed-in-the-ma/. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
2. Web site: What restoring MA63 rights means. The Straits Times. 18 September 2018. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404144802/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/what-restoring-ma63-rights-means. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
3. Web site: Sabah and Sarawak may no longer be known as states. But how is this gonna work?. Sabrina Noor. Cilisos.my. 15 March 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190319101229/https://cilisos.my/sabah-and-sarawak-may-no-longer-be-known-as-states-but-how-is-this-gonna-work/. 19 March 2019. live. dmy-all.
4. Web site: Debate on Constitution (Amendment) Bill lasts more than six hours. Bernama. The Malay Mail. 9 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410030204/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/09/debate-on-constitution-amendment-bill-lasts-more-than-six-hours/1741517. 10 April 2019. dead.
5. Web site: Bill to make Sabah, Sarawak equal partners rejected in Malaysia parliament. Bernama. Channel NewsAsia. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410084211/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/sabah-sarawak-equal-partners-bill-fails-to-get-two-thirds-11428450. 10 April 2019. live.
6. Web site: UMNO/BN punca pindaan RUU MA63 tidak diluluskan - Anwar. UMNO/BN caused amendment of the MA63 bill to fail - Anwar. Mohd Anwar Patho Rohman. ms. Berita Harian. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019.
7. Web site: No two-thirds majority for Bill to make Sabah, Sarawak equal partners. Adam Aziz. The Edge Markets. 9 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410021305/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/no-twothirds-majority-bill-make-sabah-sarawak-equal-partners. 10 April 2019. dead.
8. Web site: Pakatan's Federal Constitution amendment on Sabah, Sarawak foiled. Yiswaree Palansamy. The Malay Mail. 9 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410044737/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/09/pakatans-federal-constitution-amendment-on-sabah-sarawak-foiled/1741510. 10 April 2019. dead.
9. Web site: Status of Sabah, Sarawak stays. Bernama. Daily Express. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410022521/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/133634/status-of-sabah-sarawak-stays/. 10 April 2019. dead.
10. Web site: Sabah and Sarawak downgraded by their MPs in 1976. Wong Chin Huat. Malaysiakini. 8 April 2019. 2 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190409060504/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/471345. 9 April 2019. live.
11. Web site: MA63, IGC Report set up terms for three sovereign states to form Malaysia. Philip Kiew. The Borneo Post. 8 December 2017. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405064248/https://www.theborneopost.com/2017/12/08/ma63-igc-report-set-up-terms-for-three-sovereign-states-to-form-malaysia/. 5 April 2019. live.
12. Web site: The Malaysia Agreement disagreement. The Star. 16 September 2018. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404170329/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/16/the-malaysia-agreement-disagreement/. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
13. News: Sarawak group calls for independence. Bangkok Post. 22 January 2013. 4 April 2019.
14. Web site: MA63, Federal Constitution infringed upon since formation of M'sia — Former rep. The Borneo Post. 25 February 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404085038/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/02/25/ma63-federal-constitution-infringed-upon-since-formation-of-msia-former-rep/. 4 April 2019. live.
15. Web site: What's Behind Calls for Independence in Sabah?. Piya Sukhani. The Diplomat. 3 April 2019. 4 April 2019. subscription. https://web.archive.org/web/20190403142144/https://thediplomat.com/2019/04/whats-behind-calls-for-independence-in-sabah/. 3 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
16. Web site: Malaysia Day Special - New Hope, New Challenges. The Star. 16 September 2018. 4 April 2019. Malaysia may have been formed in 1963, but believe it or not, it wasn't until 2010 that Malaysia Day was celebrated as a national public holiday. Prior to that, it was a state holiday only in Sabah and Sarawak.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404092704/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/16/malaysia-day-special/. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
17. Web site: Many in Sabah, Sarawak don't want to be part of Malaysia, claims analyst. The Rakyat Post. 16 February 2014. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404105722/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/02/16/many-in-sabah-sarawak-dont-want-to-be-part-of-malaysia-claims-analyst/. 4 April 2019. dead.
18. Web site: Group draws up self determination petition for Sarawak and Sabah. The Borneo Post. 13 August 2014. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404105522/https://www.theborneopost.com/2014/08/13/group-draws-up-self-determination-petition-for-sarawak-and-sabah/. 4 April 2019. live.
19. Web site: Signing of the Malaysia Agreement. National Library Board, Singapore. 9 July 1963. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405041605/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/7fdd00ed-603e-47e0-8e08-f6499d385404. 5 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
20. Web site: Logic triumphed: It was just settlement, says Lee. The Straits Times. National Library Board, Singapore. 10 July 1963. 5 April 2019. 4. https://web.archive.org/web/20180805203206/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19630710-1.2.17. 5 August 2018. live. dmy-all.
21. Web site: Sarawak still has to 'compete' with other states for a fair share in budget allocation. Arnold Puyok. Dayak Daily. 3 November 2018. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405054816/https://dayakdaily.com/sarawak-still-has-to-compete-with-other-states-for-a-fair-share-in-budget-allocation/. 5 April 2019. live.
22. Web site: The Root Causes of Poverty in Sabah & Sarawak, Exposed (Stories from the East). Daniel John Jambun. Loyar Burok. 9 May 2011. 9 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190409024510/https://www.loyarburok.com/2011/05/09/the-root-causes-of-poverty-in-sabah-sarawak-exposed-stories-from-the-east/. 9 April 2019. live.
23. Web site: Why Are Sabah And Sarawak So Poor, When Both Are Rich In Natural Resources?. Mei Mei Chu. Says.com. 27 November 2013. 9 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190409024242/https://says.com/my/news/pkr-says-barisan-nasional-keeps-sabah-and-sarawak-poor-to-control-them. 9 April 2019. live.
24. Web site: Resolve or Dissolve Malaysia; Sabah, Sarawak Lags Far Behind Peninsula. Borneo Today. 8 June 2017. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405055228/https://www.borneotoday.net/resolve-or-dissolve-malaysia-sabah-sarawak-lags-far-behind-peninsula/. 5 April 2019. live.
25. Web site: Historian on mission to correct textbooks on Sabah, Sarawak. Jason Santos. The Malaysian Insight. 15 September 2017. 4 April 2019. subscription. https://web.archive.org/web/20170915031907/https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/14712/. 15 September 2017. live. dmy-all.
26. Web site: More than 1,000 schools still in dilapidated category. Sharon Ling. The Star. 14 November 2018. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20181118214132/https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/11/14/more-than-1000-schools-still-in-dilapidated-category/. 18 November 2018. live. dmy-all.
27. Web site: More than half of Sabah schools dilapidated. Bernama. Free Malaysia Today. 21 October 2018. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405060350/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/10/21/more-than-half-of-sabah-schools-dilapidated/. 5 April 2019. live.
28. Web site: History. Immigration Department of Malaysia. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20180721182446/http://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/history-of-department-of-immigration.html. 21 July 2018. live. dmy-all.
29. Web site: Malaysia: East Malaysia immigration requirements and practices. PricewaterhouseCoopers. 20 January 2017. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405052808/https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/services/people-organisation/publications/assets/pwc-east-malaysia-immigration-requirements-and-practices.pdf. 5 April 2019. live.
30. Web site: Stateless foreigners headache. Daily Express. 17 November 2018. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405062106/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=128764. 5 April 2019. live.
31. Web site: Constitution of the State of Sabah. Sabah State Government (State Attorney-General's Chambers). 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20160615120202/http://www.lawnet.sabah.gov.my/lawnet/SabahConstitution/PartI.htm. 15 June 2016. dead.
32. Web site: Religious Liberty in East Malaysia. David Phung. NECF Malaysia Religious Liberty Commission. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405051252/http://www.necf.org.my/newsmaster.cfm?&menuid=2&action=view&retrieveid=1011. 5 April 2019. live.
33. Web site: Sarawak makes English official language along with BM. Sulok Tawie. The Malay Mail. 18 November 2015. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405052059/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/11/18/sarawak-makes-english-official-language-along-with-bm/1007033. 5 April 2019. live.
34. Conflict in the Land Law under the Federation Structure. Adibah Awang. International Convention on Urban Development & Management. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2003. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408040532/http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/5026/. 8 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
35. Web site: Prof: Respect indigenous land rights. David Thien. Daily Express. 27 February 2019. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408035826/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=131697. 8 April 2019. live.
36. Web site: Why the petroleum development Act 1974 is in breach of the Malaysia agreement 1963 and the federal constitution and is null and void. The Borneo Post. 17 November 2016. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405041805/https://www.theborneopost.com/2016/11/17/why-the-petroleum-development-act-1974-is-in-breach-of-the-malaysia-agreement-1963-and-the-federal-constitution-and-is-null-and-void/. 5 April 2019. live.
37. Web site: The Politics of centre-state conflict: the Sabah experience under the ruling Sabah Alliance (1963–1976). Mohammad Agus Yusoff. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1999. 5 April 2019. 14/25. https://web.archive.org/web/20171104113624/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/420/1/1.pdf. 4 November 2017. live.
38. Web site: Islam no more official religion on Sarawak government website. Sulok Tawie. The Malay Mail. 11 December 2015. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405043603/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/12/11/islam-no-more-official-religion-on-sarawak-government-website/1021603. 5 April 2019. live.
39. Web site: Sarawak could allow converts to renounce Islam. Trinna Leong. The Straits Times. 5 March 2018. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406051658/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/sarawak-could-allow-converts-to-renounce-islam. 6 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
40. Web site: Sabah Christians often mistaken as Muslims for carrying 'bin' or 'binti' in MyKad. Sandra Sokial. The Rakyat Post. 15 August 2014. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405042610/http://www.therakyatpost.com/news/2014/08/15/sabah-christians-often-mistaken-muslims-carrying-bin-binti-mykad/. 5 April 2019. dead.
41. Web site: Don't mess with religion. Richard Joe Jimmy. Daily Express. 7 May 2016. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405042533/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read.cfm?NewsID=2026. 5 April 2019. dead.
42. Web site: Sabah apostates: Repent or go to 'jail'. Free Malaysia Today. 12 January 2011. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20170618040556/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2011/01/01/sabah-apostates-repent-or-go-to-jail/. 18 June 2017. dead.
    Web site: Path to leave Islam simple, but far from easy. Ida Lim. The Malay Mail. 12 July 2014. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405044602/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2014/07/12/path-to-leave-islam-simple-but-far-from-easy/704859. 5 April 2019. live.
    Web site: Sabah leaders demand explanation for underaged girl's conversion. The Star. 9 February 2015. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20170920002110/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/02/09/sabah-leaders-conversion-answers/. 20 September 2017. live. dmy-all.
    Web site: Sabah school in conversion row must be held accountable, father insists. The Malay Mail. Yahoo! News. 26 March 2015. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405044429/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/sabah-school-conversion-row-must-held-accountable-father-230600994.html. 5 April 2019. dead.
    Web site: Teach, not convert students. Wong Chun Wai. The Star. 5 April 2015. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20170920001958/http://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/on-the-beat/2015/04/05/teach-not-convert-students/. 20 September 2017. live. dmy-all.
    Web site: In Sabah, shivers of discomfit over rising religious barriers. Julia Chan. The Malay Mail. 23 August 2015. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405045032/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2015/08/23/in-sabah-shivers-of-discomfit-over-rising-religious-barriers/956473. 5 April 2019. live.
    Web site: Law is silent on Muslim converts wishing to leave Islam – Baru. The Borneo Post. 11 February 2017. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405043228/https://www.theborneopost.com/2017/02/11/law-is-silent-on-muslim-converts-wishing-to-leave-islam-baru/. 5 April 2019. live.
    Web site: Churches: Louder calls to restore religious freedom. Daily Express. 28 July 2016. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405044214/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=111622. 5 April 2019. live.
    Web site: (Updated) Federal Court rejects appeal of Sarawakian apostates. Goh Pei Pei. New Straits Times. 27 February 2018. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20180228082504/https://www.nst.com.my/news/crime-courts/2018/02/339414/updated-federal-court-rejects-appeal-sarawakian-apostates. 28 February 2018. live. dmy-all.
43. Web site: Taoist statue deemed "offensive" to Islam raises new controversy over religious freedom. AsiaNews.it. 1 April 2008. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405161107/http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Taoist-statue-deemed-%E2%80%9Coffensive%E2%80%9D-to-Islam-raises-new-controversy-over-religious-freedom-11163.html. 5 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
44. Web site: State Spot [Sabah]]. NECF Malaysia Religious Liberty Commission. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405160330/http://www.necf.org.my/newsmaster.cfm?&menuid=2&action=view&retrieveid=993. 5 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
45. Web site: Malaysia Day now a public holiday, says PM. Yeng Ai Chun. The Star. 19 October 2009. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404092704/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2009/10/19/malaysia-day-now-a-public-holiday-says-pm/. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
46. Web site: Sabah, Sarawak to be restored as equal partners forming Malaysia, says Dr M. Stephanie Lee. Fatimah Zainal. The Star. 16 September 2018. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404104854/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/16/sabah-sarawak-to-be-restored-as-equal-partners-forming-malaysia-not-just-component-states-says-dr-m/. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
47. Web site: Sabah, Sarawak to be restored as equal partners forming Malaysia, not just component states, says PM Mahathir. The Star/Asia News Network. The Straits Times. 16 September 2018. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20180917012801/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/sabah-sarawak-to-be-restored-as-equal-partners-forming-malaysia-not-just-component. 17 September 2018. dead.
48. Web site: Kupasan Sejarah Perjanjian Malaysia 1963. Review of the History of the Malaysia Agreement 1963. ms. Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia). 2018. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404074423/http://www.pmo.gov.my/MA63.pdf. 4 April 2019. live.
49. Web site: Little Disagreement Between Federal Government, Sabah, Sarawak on MA63 – PM. Bernama. Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia). 5 March 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404114848/https://www.pmo.gov.my/2019/03/little-disagreement-between-federal-government-sabah-sarawak-on-ma63-pm/. 4 April 2019. live.
50. Web site: Cabinet agrees to restore Sabah, Sarawak as equal partners. Bernama. The Malay Mail. 8 March 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404110010/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/03/08/Cabinet-agrees-to-restore-Sabah-Sarawak-as-equal-partners/1730628. 4 April 2019. live.
51. Web site: Spotlight on MA63 as Dewan Rakyat convenes. Bernama. Daily Express. 11 March 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404113022/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/132226/spotlight-on-ma63-as-dewan-rakyat-convenes/. 4 April 2019. live.
52. Web site: Law minister: Tabling of Bill on equality for Sabah, Sarawak in Parliament next week. Julia Chan. The Malay Mail. 2 April 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190403125012/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/02/law-minister-tabling-of-bill-on-equality-for-sabah-sarawak-in-parliament-ne/1738993. 3 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
53. Web site: Constitution amendment will turn Sabah, Sarawak into territories, says law minister. Adam Aziz. The Edge Markets. 4 April 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405025607/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/constitution-amendment-will-turn-sabah-sarawak-territories-says-deputy-law-minister. 5 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
54. Web site: GPS MPs, legal experts less than impressed with Bill to amend Article 1 (2). Lim How Pim. Abdul Hakim Bujang. The Borneo Post. 4 April 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407072206/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/04/gps-mps-legal-experts-less-than-impressed-with-bill-to-amend-article-1-2/. 7 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
55. Web site: Article 1 (2) amendment Bill 'totally unacceptable' to Sarawak – SUPP. Churchill Edward. The Borneo Post. 4 April 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405024409/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/04/article-1-2-amendment-bill-totally-unacceptable-to-sarawak-supp/. 5 April 2019. live.
56. Web site: Bill tabled amid concern. Daily Express. 5 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411054851/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/133379/bill-tabled-amid-concern/. 11 April 2019. live.
57. Web site: Govt intends to compromise with opposition to restore Sabah, Sarawak status. Amar Shah Mohsen. Ashwin Kumar. The Sun. 8 April 2019. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190409023655/https://www.thesundaily.my/local/govt-intends-to-compromise-with-opposition-to-restore-sabah-sarawak-status-MX770068. 9 April 2019. live.
58. Web site: GPS sticks to its decision to call for Article 1(2) amendment Bill to be withdrawn. Lim How Pim. Abdul Hakim Bujang. The Borneo Post. 8 April 2019. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408095744/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/08/gps-sticks-to-its-decision-to-call-for-article-12-amendment-bill-to-be-withdrawn/. 8 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
59. Web site: S'wak govt to support constitutional amendment if it reflects 'original intent' of negotiating parties. The Borneo Post. 8 April 2019. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408121652/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/08/swak-govt-to-support-constitutional-amendment-if-it-reflects-original-intent-of-negotiating-parties/. 8 April 2019. live.
60. Web site: Sabah, Sarawak to revert to original status as associate members in Malaysia. Syed Umar Ariff. Beatrice Nita Jay. New Straits Times. 9 April 2019. 9 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410160653/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/477763/sabah-sarawak-revert-original-status-associate-members-malaysia. 10 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
61. Web site: Anwar: Pakatan will keep promise to make Sabah, Sarawak equal partners. Martin Carvalho. Hemananthani Sivanandam. Rahimy Rahim. Tarrence Tan. The Star. 9 April 2019. 9 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190409192140/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/09/anwar-pakatan-will-keep-promise-to-make-sabah-sarawak-equal-partners/. 9 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
62. Web site: Shafie: Supporting amendment bill does not mean no love for Malaysia. Syed Umar Ariff. New Straits Times. 9 April 2019. 9 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410154251/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/477786/shafie-supporting-amendment-bill-does-not-mean-no-love-malaysia. 10 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
63. Malaysia. Rang Undang-undang Perlembagaan (Pindaan) 2019: Bacaan Kali Yang Kedua dan Ketiga. Dewan Rakyat. 9 April 2019. 197. 204. Mohamad Ariff Md Yusof. Speaker. ms. Constitution (Amendment) Bill 2019: Second and Third Readings. https://web.archive.org/web/20190819083632/https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-09042019.pdf. 19 August 2019. live. PDF. 18.
64. Web site: Constitutional Amendment Bill fails to get two-thirds majority support. Bernama. New Sabah Times. 10 April 2019. 15 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190415084621/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/30396. 15 April 2019. live.
65. Web site: Bung, 19 from Sarawak abstained. Daily Express. 13 April 2019. 14 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413050818/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/133778/bung-19-from-sarawak-abstained/. 13 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
66. Web site: Maszlee, three other Pakatan MPs among those absent during Article 1(2) vote. Mazwin Nik Anis. Joseph Kaos Jr. The Star. 12 April 2019. 15 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190415033523/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/12/maszlee-three-other-pakatan-mps-among-those-absent-from-article-12-vote/. 15 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
67. Web site: Law minister: Maszlee among four Pakatan MPs absent from Constitution amendment vote. Emmanuel Santa Maria Chin. The Malay Mail. 12 April 2019. 15 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190415032900/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/12/law-minister-maszlee-among-four-pakatan-mps-absent-from-constitution-amendm/1742629. 15 April 2019. live.
68. Web site: Sandakan MP Stephen Wong passes away. Bernama. The Edge Markets. 28 March 2019. 15 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190415084258/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/sandakan-mp-stephen-wong-passes-away. 15 April 2019. dead.
69. Web site: Dr M: No need to refer Federal Constitution amendment for Sarawak, Sabah to Rulers' Conference. Yiswaree Palansamy. The Malay Mail. 9 April 2019. 9 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410044250/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/09/dr-m-no-need-to-refer-federal-constitution-amendment-for-sarawak-sabah-to-r/1741507. 10 April 2019. live.
70. Web site: Invite British govt to give views. Bernama. Daily Express. 13 October 2018. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404113842/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=127917. 4 April 2019. live.
71. Web site: Review of MA63 should focus on breach of terms of formation of Malaysia. The Borneo Post. 7 November 2018. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404083346/https://www.theborneopost.com/2018/11/07/review-of-ma63-should-focus-on-breach-of-terms-of-formation-of-malaysia/. 4 April 2019. live.
72. Web site: As MA63 review begins, Sabah churches call for complete religious freedom. Julia Chan. The Malay Mail. 14 March 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406005616/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/03/14/as-ma63-review-begins-sabah-churches-call-for-complete-religious-freedom/1732617. 6 April 2019. live.
73. Web site: ACS calls for freedom of religion to be restored in accordance with MA63, Constitution. Sharon Ling. The Star. 27 March 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406010227/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/03/27/acs-calls-for-freedom-of-religion-to-be-restored-in-accordance-with-ma63-constitution/. 6 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
74. Web site: Sabah churches press for religious freedom as Malaysia debates giving more power to region. Barnabas Fund. 3 April 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406043341/https://barnabasfund.org/en/news/sabah-churches-press-for-religious-freedom-as-malaysia-debates-giving-more-power-to-region. 6 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
75. Web site: Legal action as last resort if fed govt fails to fully implement MA63. Neil Brian Joseph. The Borneo Post. 12 March 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404110625/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/03/12/legal-action-as-last-resort-if-fed-govt-fails-to-fully-implement-ma63/. 4 April 2019. live.
76. Web site: Sabah, Sarawak can sue Putrajaya if MA63 not implemented. Tracy Patrick. Free Malaysia Today. 13 March 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406011539/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/03/13/sabah-sarawak-can-sue-putrajaya-if-ma63-not-implemented/. 6 April 2019. live.
77. Web site: MA63, 'equal partnership' and the future of the Malaysian federation. Arnold Puyok. The Malay Mail. 4 April 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404151040/https://www.malaymail.com/news/what-you-think/2019/04/04/ma63-equal-partnership-and-the-future-of-the-malaysian-federation-arnold-pu/1739937. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
78. Web site: Activist cites 1965 Mauritius 'agreement' as basis for MA63 issue. The Borneo Post. 2 April 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404112245/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/02/activist-cites-1965-mauritius-agreement-as-basis-for-ma63-issue/. 4 April 2019. live.
79. Web site: MCA questions sincerity behind move to amend Article 1 (2). Tracy Patrick. Free Malaysia Today. 16 March 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407025516/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/03/16/mca-questions-sincerity-behind-move-to-amend-article-1-2/. 7 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
80. Web site: Don't rush into amending Federal Constitution on Sarawak rights, party chief tells MPs. Sulok Tawie. The Malay Mail. 11 March 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404130004/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/03/11/dont-rush-into-amending-federal-constitution-on-sarawak-rights-party-chief/1731467. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
81. Web site: Show us draft MA63 bill, says Nancy Shukri. Larissa Lumadan. Free Malaysia Today. 31 March 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404125614/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/03/31/show-us-draft-ma63-bill-say-nancy-shukri/. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
82. Web site: Defer Tabling Article 1 (2) and Await Other Amendments - Dr. Jeffrey. Borneo Today. 31 March 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404125025/https://www.borneotoday.net/defer-tabling-article-12-and-await-other-amendments-dr-jeffrey/. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
83. Web site: We'll comment on Sarawak, Sabah status bill when we see it, says Sarawak MA63 panel. Desmond Davidson. The Malaysian Insight. 28 March 2019. 4 April 2019. subscription. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404163209/https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/143804. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
84. Web site: CM: Sabah mulling dropping term 'state'. The Malay Mail. 17 March 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406015317/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/03/17/cm-sabah-mulling-dropping-term-state/1733675. 6 April 2019. live.
85. Web site: Sarawak to drop the word 'state'. Goh Pei Pei. New Straits Times. 16 March 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406015856/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/03/469790/sarawak-drop-word-state. 6 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
86. Web site: Dropping 'state' violation of MA63 — Lawyer. The Borneo Post. 19 March 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406015527/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/03/19/dropping-state-violation-of-ma63-lawyer/. 6 April 2019. live.
87. Web site: PAS man doesn't know what 'state' means in MA63, says PBS. Tracy Patrick. Free Malaysia Today. 23 March 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406015633/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/03/23/pas-man-doesnt-know-what-state-means-in-ma63-says-pbs/. 6 April 2019. live.
88. Web site: Soo: Stop the drama over Article 1(2) amendment Bill. The Borneo Post. 9 April 2019. 9 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190409070856/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/09/soo-stop-the-drama-over-article-12-amendment-bill/. 9 April 2019. live.
89. Web site: Ismail: Why no mention of MA63 in amendment bill?. Syed Umar Ariff. New Straits Times. 9 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410140040/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/477844/ismail-why-no-mention-ma63-amendment-bill. 10 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
90. Web site: Constitutional amendment a 'trap', says Sarawak MP. Larissa Lumadan. Free Malaysia Today. 5 April 2019. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405091312/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/04/05/constitutional-amendment-a-trap-says-sarawak-mp/. 5 April 2019. live.
91. Web site: Prioritise Sarawak in second reading. Joash Kong. The Borneo Post. 8 April 2019. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408050820/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/08/prioritise-sarawak-in-second-reading/. 8 April 2019. live.
92. Web site: SUPP man Robert Lau appointed as senator. Mohd Roji Kawi. New Straits Times. 3 May 2018. 14 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20180503131946/https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/05/364853/supp-man-robert-lau-appointed-senator . 3 May 2018.
93. Web site: Lawyer: Proposed amendment to honour MA63 'just playing with sentence construction'. Andy Chua. The Star. 5 April 2019. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406160941/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/05/lawyer-proposed-amendment-to-honour-ma63-just-playing-with-sentence-construction/. 6 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
94. Web site: Former Sabah CM says proposed Constitutional amendment hollow and meaningless. Muguntan Vanar. The Star. 5 April 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406023857/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/05/former-sabah-cm-says-proposed-constitutional-amendment-hollow/. 6 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
95. Web site: Proposed amendment to Article 1(2) an insult – Yong. The Borneo Post. 6 April 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406023606/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/06/proposed-amendment-to-article-12-an-insult-yong/. 6 April 2019. live.
96. Web site: No reason for Sarawak MPs to vote for amendment Bill – Tiang. Lim How Pim. The Borneo Post. 5 April 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406013700/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/05/no-reason-for-sarawak-mps-to-vote-for-amendment-bill-tiang/. 6 April 2019. live.
97. Web site: Amendment Bill not reflecting spirit of MA63 — MP. The Borneo Post. 7 April 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407053823/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/07/amendment-bill-not-reflecting-spirit-of-ma63-mp/. 7 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
98. Web site: Redefine 'Federation' for Sarawak, Sabah to achieve equal status, says lawyer. Raynore Mering. The Malay Mail. 4 April 2019. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405095031/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/04/redefine-federation-for-sarawak-sabah-to-achieve-equal-status-says-lawyer/1739979. 5 April 2019. live.
99. Web site: PBS says will not support proposed Article 1(2) amendment in its present form. The Star. 5 April 2019. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406150906/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/05/pbs-says-will-not-support-proposed-article-1-2-amendment/. 6 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
100. Web site: Anifah wants Sabah, Sarawak legislative assemblies to approve proposed constitutional amendments. Muguntan Vanar. The Star. 4 April 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404132117/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/04/anifah-wants-sabah-sarawak-legislative-assemblies-to-approve-proposed-constitutional-amendments/. 4 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
101. Web site: Putrajaya at odds with Sabah, Sarawak over equal status bill's wording. Jason Santos. The Malaysian Insight. 7 April 2019. 7 April 2019. subscription. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407033338/https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/145967. 7 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
102. Web site: Bill needs approval of Sabah, Sarawak assemblies: Kurup. Johan Aziz. Daily Express. 7 April 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407080553/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/133516/bill-needs-approval-of-sabah-sarawak-assemblies-kurup/. 7 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
103. Web site: Amendment bill too hasty on first reading – LDP. The Borneo Post. 8 April 2019. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408151202/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/08/amendment-bill-too-hasty-on-first-reading-ldp/. 8 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
104. Web site: Sabah/Sarawak CMs did not give approval on amendment of Article 1(2), says Abang Johari. Bernama. The Malay Mail. 6 April 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406124252/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/06/sabah-sarawak-cms-did-not-give-approval-on-amendment-of-article-12-says-aba/1740498. 6 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
105. Web site: Abang Johari explains why GPS not supporting. Bernama. Daily Express. 8 April 2019. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408054421/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/133555/abang-johari-explains-why-gps-not-supporting/. 8 April 2019. live.
106. Web site: Want Sarawak's support for Article 1(2) revision? Answer our questions first, says PBB info chief. Sulok Tawie. The Malay Mail. 8 April 2019. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408053315/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/08/want-sarawaks-support-for-article-12-revision-answer-our-questions-first-sa/1740926. 8 April 2019. live.
107. Web site: MA63 motion tabled. Chester Tay. Adam Aziz. The Edge Markets. 5 April 2019. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405090508/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/ma63-motion-tabled. 5 April 2019. live.
108. Web site: Pindaan Perlembagaan kembalikan status Sabah, Sarawak. Amendment of the Constitution restores Sabah, Sarawak status. Poliana Ronnie Sidom. ms. Berita Harian. 6 April 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406151147/https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2019/04/549584/pindaan-perlembagaan-kembalikan-status-sabah-sarawak. 6 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
109. Web site: Liew: Why oppose it now?. Mardinah Jikur. Daily Express. 7 April 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407054026/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/133515/liew-why-oppose-it-now-/. 7 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
110. Web site: PBB and SUPP supported 1976 constitutional amendment : Chong. Bernama. New Straits Times. 10 March 2019. 6 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406160827/https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2019/03/467786/pbb-and-supp-supported-1976-constitutional-amendment-chong. 6 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
111. Web site: We need your support to push Bill to restore equality for Sarawak, Pakatan tells GPS. Sulok Tawie. The Malay Mail. 7 April 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407153901/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/07/gps-urged-to-support-amendment-bill-to-regain-sarawak-and-sabahs-rightful-s/1740740. 7 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
112. Web site: Sabah DAP pleads with opposition to back amendment bill. Durie Rainer Fong. Free Malaysia Today. 7 April 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407154024/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/04/07/sabah-dap-pleads-with-opposition-to-back-amendment-bill/. 7 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
113. Web site: PKR rep: Put aside political affiliations to support amendment Bill to Article 1 (2). Sulok Tawie. The Malay Mail. 6 April 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407164552/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/06/pkr-rep-put-aside-political-affiliations-to-support-amendment-bill-to-artic/1740518. 7 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
114. Web site: Wong: Why so much negativity over proposed amendment?. The Borneo Post. 8 April 2019. 8 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408034232/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/08/wong-why-so-much-negativity-over-proposed-amendment/. 8 April 2019. live.
115. Web site: Article 1 (2) amendment: It should be 'Negara' Sabah & Sarawak, says Puncak Borneo MP. Rintos Mail. The Borneo Post. 4 April 2019. 9 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190409030205/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/04/article-1-2-amendment-it-should-be-negara-sabah-sarawak-says-puncak-borneo-mp/. 9 April 2019. live.
116. Web site: Madius Tangau: Refer amendment on Bill to MA63 special committee. Stephanie Lee. The Star. 8 April 2019. 9 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190409002804/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/08/madius-tangau-refer-amendment-on-bill-to-ma63-special-committee/. 9 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
117. Web site: TPM kecewa pindaan Perlembagaan gagal. DPM disappointed amendment of the Constitution failed. Suhaila Shahrul Annuar. ms. Berita Harian. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410071658/https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2019/04/551168/tpm-kecewa-pindaan-perlembagaan-gagal. 10 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
118. Web site: BN MPs reason why Bill failed, says Anwar. Bernama. The Malay Mail. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410074852/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/10/bn-mps-reason-why-bill-failed-says-anwar/1741546. 10 April 2019. live.
119. Web site: Missed opportunity but not the end of the road, says Shafie of failed Bill. Julia Chan. The Malay Mail. 10 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411083346/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/10/missed-opportunity-but-not-the-end-of-the-road-says-shafie-of-failed-bill/1741766. 11 April 2019. live.
120. Web site: Sabah to continue cooperation with Sarawak — Shafie Apdal. Bernama. The Borneo Post. 11 April 2019. 12 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412032505/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/11/sabah-to-continue-cooperation-with-sarawak-shafie-apdal/. 12 April 2019. live.
121. Web site: All lawmakers should have backed MA63 Bill – Dompok. The Borneo Post. 11 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411024215/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/11/all-lawmakers-should-have-backed-ma63-bill-dompok/. 11 April 2019. live.
122. Web site: 59 MPs have forsaken people of Sabah, Sarawak, says Maria Chin. The Malaysian Insight. 10 April 2019. 11 April 2019. subscription. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411073318/https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/146926. 11 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
123. Web site: No dignity in abstaining, MPs told on amendment bill. Durie Rainer Fong. Free Malaysia Today. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410082733/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/04/10/no-dignity-in-abstaining-mps-told-on-amendment-bill/. 10 April 2019. live.
124. Web site: Opportunity to restore S'wak, Sabah's status 'dashed to the ground' by GPS, says Ling. Philip Kiew. The Borneo Post. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410070806/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/10/ling-opportunity-to-restore-swak-sabahs-status-dashed-to-the-ground-by-gps-sabah-opposition-mps/. 10 April 2019. live.
125. Web site: Usaha pinda Perlembagaan Persekutuan diteruskan. Efforts for the amendment of the Constitution will continued. Amin Ridzuan Ishak. ms. Berita Harian. 12 April 2019. 15 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190415034004/https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2019/04/551995/usaha-pinda-perlembagaan-persekutuan-diteruskan. 15 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
126. Web site: Don't blame GPS for defeat of Sarawak status amendment Bill, says SUPP president. Sulok Tawie. The Malay Mail. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410111722/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/10/dont-blame-gps-for-defeat-of-sarawak-status-amendment-bill-says-supp-presid/1741857. 10 April 2019. live.
127. Web site: Landmark win for Sabah, Sarawak in Bill amendment failure, says STAR. The Borneo Post. The Sun. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410104830/https://www.thesundaily.my/local/landmark-win-for-sabah-sarawak-in-bill-amendment-failure-says-star-YC774643. 10 April 2019. live.
128. Web site: Opposition opposed amendment bill for the sake of opposing, says Sabah MP. Minderjeet Kaur. Free Malaysia Today. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410110643/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/04/10/opposition-opposed-amendment-bill-for-the-sake-of-opposing-says-sabah-mp/. 10 April 2019. live.
129. Web site: Azalina spewing nonsense on constitutional amendment bill, says law expert. Vinodh Pillai. Free Malaysia Today. 11 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411081031/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/04/11/azalina-spewing-nonsense-on-constitutional-amendment-bill-says-law-expert/. 11 April 2019. live.
130. Web site: Sabah lawmakers will not stop finding ways to restore equal partnership for the state. Olivia Miwil. New Straits Times. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410105841/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/478082/sabah-lawmakers-will-not-stop-finding-ways-restore-equal-partnership. 10 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
131. Web site: Bill on Sabah, Sarawak should go through PSC first, says Ismail Sabri. Terence Tang. The Malay Mail. 10 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411031239/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/10/bill-on-sabah-sarawak-should-go-through-psc-first-says-ismail-sabri/1741756. 11 April 2019. live.
132. Web site: Minister failed to understand what Sabah, Sarawak MPs want – Rahman. The Borneo Post. 11 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411032018/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/11/minister-failed-to-understand-what-sabah-sarawak-mps-want-rahman/. 11 April 2019. live.
133. Web site: Abang Johari: Secretariat weakness caused Constitution amendment Bill to fail. The Malay Mail. 12 April 2019. 13 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413034301/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/12/sarawak-cm-secretariat-weakness-caused-sabah-sarawak-amendment-bill-to-fail/1742657. 13 April 2019. live.
134. Web site: Wee: It was a rush job and merely a cosmetic change. The Star. 11 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411093916/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/11/wee-it-was-a-rush-job-and-merely-a-cosmetic-change/. 11 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
135. Web site: Sabah DCM wants MA63 Steering Committee to meet with haste. Nancy Lai. The Borneo Post. 10 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411045820/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/10/sabah-dcm-wants-ma63-steering-committee-to-meet-with-haste/. 11 April 2019. live.
136. Web site: Re-Tabling of Amendment Bill Depends on Needs – PM. Bernama. Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia). 10 April 2019. 15 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190415034019/https://www.pmo.gov.my/2019/04/re-tabling-of-amendment-bill-depends-on-needs-pm/. 15 April 2019. live.
137. Web site: Re-tabling of Bill depends: PM. Bernama. Daily Express. 11 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411053837/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/133683/re-tabling-of-bill-depends-pm/. 11 April 2019. live.
138. Web site: Sabah reps urged to show support for bill shot down in Dewan Rakyat. Durie Rainer Fong. Free Malaysia Today. 15 April 2019. 16 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190416060815/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/04/15/sabah-reps-urged-to-show-support-for-bill-shot-down-in-dewan-rakyat/. 16 April 2019. live.
139. Web site: Sabah CM says would table urgent motion on MA63. Julia Chan. The Malay Mail. 15 April 2019. 16 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190416055752/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/15/sabah-cm-says-would-table-urgent-motion-on-ma63/1743390. 16 April 2019. live.
140. Web site: Sabah's dues to be pursued. Ricardo Unto. Daily Express. 16 April 2019. 16 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190416055855/http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/133927/sabah-s-dues-to-be-pursued/. 16 April 2019. live.
141. Web site: Sabah assembly endorses amendment of Constitution to honour MA63. Kristy Inus. The Star. 18 April 2019. 20 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190420041313/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/18/sabah-assembly-endorses-amendment-of-constitution-to-honour-ma63/. 20 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
142. Web site: Unanimous Assembly support for restoring Sabah's status. Leonard Alaza. Daily Express. 19 April 2019. 20 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190420041032/http://dailyexpress.com.my/news/134069/unanimous-assembly-support-for-restoring-sabah-s-status/. 20 April 2019. live.
143. Web site: Sarawak Assembly unanimously approves motion for constitutional amendments on state's rights. Sulok Tawie. The Malay Mail. 30 April 2019. 13 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190712233335/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/04/30/sarawak-assembly-unanimously-approves-motion-for-constitutional-amendments/1748532. 12 July 2019. live.
144. Web site: Stop the blame game and try again. Sharon Ling. The Star. 13 April 2019. 13 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413071049/https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2019/04/13/stop-the-blame-game-and-try-again/. 13 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
145. Web site: 'Leaving' is getting sexy for some. Philip Golingai. The Star. 14 April 2019. 14 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190414133855/https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/its-just-politics/2019/04/14/leaving-is-getting-sexy-for-some/. 14 April 2019. live. dmy-all.
146. Web site: Failure to amend constitution leaves lingering divisions. Durie Rainer Fong. Free Malaysia Today. 15 April 2019. 15 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190415085519/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/04/15/failure-to-amend-constitution-leaves-lingering-divisions/. 15 April 2019. live.
147. Web site: NGO: Restore Sarawak rights or risk a secession movement. Sharon Ling. The Star. 22 July 2019. 25 July 2019.
148. Web site: Sabah CM: PM set to announce restoration of state's rights soon. Julia Chan. The Malay Mail. 25 July 2019. 25 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190725111754/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/07/25/sabah-cm-pm-set-to-announce-restoration-of-states-rights-soon/1774712. 25 July 2019. live.
149. Web site: Amendment to restore Sabah, Sarawak's status to be tabled in March 2020. Bernama. The Borneo Post. 17 December 2019. 19 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191219060518/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/12/17/amendment-to-restore-sabah-sarawaks-status-to-be-tabled-in-march-2020/. 19 December 2019. live.
150. Web site: MA63: Govt to pay close attention to Sabah, Sarawak matters of interest — PM Ismail Sabri . The Edge . 11 November 2021 . 16 September 2021 . 11 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211111184113/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/ma63-govt-pay-close-attention-sabah-sarawak-matters-interest-%E2%80%94-pm-ismail-sabri . dead .
151. Web site: Razak . Radzi . Govt to table four constitutional amendments to restore Sabah and Sarawak's position . Malay Mail . 11 November 2021 . 3 November 2021.
152. Web site: Zulkifli. Ahmad Mustakim. 2021-12-14. MPs unanimously vote for constitutional amendments to empower Sabah, Sarawak. 2021-12-14. MalaysiaNow. en-GB.
153. Web site: Admendments [sic] to Federal Constitution come into force on Feb 11, says Wan Junaidi . The Star . 12 February 2022 . 11 February 2022.