Propanidid Explained

Propanidid is an ultra short-acting phenylacetate general anesthetic. It was originally introduced by Bayer in 1963^[1] but anaphylactic reactions caused it to be withdrawn shortly afterwards.

Even though Cremophor EL has been shown to cause anaphylactic reactions in humans in several cases (both when given intravenously and orally), it is still debated whether propanidid itself may have contributed to the reactions.

It has been argued that the toxic effects or reactions to propanidid (and Althesin) were due to the drugs themselves.^[2] Several cases of negative reactions have been recorded for different drugs using Cremophor EL as solubilizer, suggesting that the negative reactions were mainly caused by Cremophor and not by the drug substances themselves.

External links

• Klockgether-Radke A, Kersten J, Schröder T, Stafforst D, Kettler D, Hellige G . [Anesthesia with propanidid in a liposomal preparation. An experimental study in swine] . Der Anaesthesist . 44 . 8 . 573–580 . August 1995 . 7573906 . 10.1007/s001010050191 . 44551179 .
• Habazettl H, Vollmar B, Röhrich F, Conzen P, Doenicke A, Baethmann A . [Anesthesiologic efficacy of propanidid as a liposome dispersion. An experimental study with rats] . Der Anaesthesist . 41 . 8 . 448–456 . August 1992 . 1524155 .
• Zawisza P, Przyborowski L . [Propanidid and etomidate identification from the blood by thin-layer chromatography] . Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica . 49 . 5–6 . 15–17 . 1992 . 16092193 .
• Theis JG, Liau-Chu M, Chan HS, Doyle J, Greenberg ML, Koren G . Anaphylactoid reactions in children receiving high-dose intravenous cyclosporine for reversal of tumor resistance: the causative role of improper dissolution of Cremophor EL . Journal of Clinical Oncology . 13 . 10 . 2508–2516 . October 1995 . 7595701 . 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.10.2508 .
• Ebo DG, Piel GC, Conraads V, Stevens WJ . IgE-mediated anaphylaxis after first intravenous infusion of cyclosporine . Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology . 87 . 3 . 243–245 . September 2001 . 11570623 . 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62234-X .

Notes and References

1. US . patent . 3086978 . Hiltmann R, Wollweber H, Hoffmeister F, Wirth W . 3-Methoxy-4-Carbamidomethoxy-Phenylacetic Acid Esters . 1963-04-23 . Bayer .
2. Clarke RS, Dundee JW, Carson IW . Proceedings: A new steroid anaesthetic-althesin . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine . 66 . 10 . 1027–1030 . October 1973 . 4148526 . 1645602 . 10.1177/003591577306601023 .