Songs for Mixed Chorus from the 1897 Promotional Cantata explained

Type:Song cycle
Songs for Mixed Chorus from the 1897 Promotional Cantata
Native Name:Finnish: Lauluja sekaköörille 1897 vuoden promotiooni kantaatista
Image Upright:.9
Composer:Jean Sibelius
Catalogue:JS 106 (original cantata)
Opus:23 (song cycle)
Language:Finnish
Text:A. V. Koskimies
Composed:,  1897 or 1898
Publisher: (1899)
Duration:19.5 mins. (Op. 23)
Premiere Date: (JS 104)
Premiere Location:Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland
Premiere Conductor:Jean Sibelius

The Songs for Mixed Chorus from the 1897 Promotional Cantata (in Finnish: Finnish: Lauluja sekaköörille 1897 vuoden promotiooni kantaatista; sometimes abbreviated as the Nine Songs), Op. 23, is a song cycle of pieces for soprano, baritone, and mixed choir arranged in 1898 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. Sung in Finnish to words by the poet A. V. Koskimies, the songs were originally part of a larger orchestral work: the Cantata for the University Graduation Ceremonies of 1897 (French: Kantaatti tohtorinja maisterinvihkijäisissä 1897), JS 106. It is chronologically the third of Sibelius's nine orchestral cantatas, and belongs to a series of three such pieces—along with the Promotional Cantata of 1894 (JS 105) and the Coronation Cantata (JS 104, 1896)—that he wrote on commission from his employer at the time, the Imperial Alexander University (today the University of Helsinki). The complete score, however, is lost, although—in addition to the Op. 23 songs—some orchestral parts, as well as a rehearsal score with piano accompaniment, are extant.

Structure

The ten constituent songs in the cycle are as follows:

  1. March-like (Finnish: Marssin tapaan); "We the youth of Finland ..." ("Finnish: Me nuoriso Suomen|italics=no ...")
  2. Not too leisurely (Finnish: Ei lüan verkalleen); "The wind rocks ..." ("Finnish: Tuuli tuudittele|italics=no ...")
  3. Lightly (Finnish: Keveästi); "Oh hope, hope, you dreamer ..." ("Finnish: Oi toivo, toivo, sä lietomieli|italics=no ...")
  4. Quickly (Finnish: Nopeean); "Many on the sea of life ..." ("Finnish: Montapa elon merellä|italics=no ...")
  5. Leisurely (Finnish: Verkalleen); "The fading thoughts of the Earth ..." ("Finnish: Sammuva sainio maan|italics=no ...")
    1. Briskly (Finnish: Reippaasti); "O love, your realm is limitless ..." ("Finnish: Oi Lempi, sun valtas ääretön on|italics=no ...")
  6. March-like (Finnish: Marssin tapaan); "As the swift current ..." ("Finnish: Kun virta vuolas|italics=no ...")
  7. Festively (Finnish: Juhlallisesti); "O precious Finland, Mother beyond compare ..." ("Finnish: Oi kallis Suomi, äiti verraton|italics=no ...")

Several of the song cycle's numbers, especially Nos. 1, 6a, and 6b, remain popular in Finland. Moreover, in 1913, Sibelius arranged No. 6a for female choir.

Discography

The Finnish choral director and the Finnish: Eteläsuomalaisen Osakunnan Laulajat|italics=nom (EOL) made the world premiere studio recording of the Op. 23 songs in 1975 for RCA Victor. The table below lists this and other commercially available recordings:

scope=colChoral directorscope=colEnsemblescope=colSopranoscope=colBaritonescope=colRuntimescope=colscope=colRecording venuescope=colLabelscope=col class="unsortable"
1Eteläsuomalaisen Osakunnan Laulajat19:231975RCA Victor
2 (1) (1) (1)19:141992Ondine
320:091997Finlandia
4 (2) (2) (2)19:181998Tapiola HallBIS
5Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir18:362014Ondine

Notes, references, and sources