Prolactin-releasing peptide explained

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is a peptide hormone that in humans is encoded by the PRLH gene.^[1] PrRP stimulates prolactin (PRL) release and regulates the expression of prolactin through binding to the prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (GPR10).^[2]

Description

PrRP has 20 amino acids, and is a member of the RFamide peptide family.

During the discovery process, PrRP was found to be a ligand for an orphan G-protein coupled receptor (GPR 10). Preliminary in vitro studies showed it to stimulate the secretion of prolactin from lactotropic cells, hence its name. Now, however, the function of PrRP in the brain is understood in terms of negative regulation of appetite.^[3]

PrRP is produced by noradrenergic neurons A1 and A2 in the solitary nucleus, and also by neurons in the hypothalamus.^[3]

Further reading

• Hinuma S, Onda H, Fujino M . The quest for novel bioactive peptides utilizing orphan seven-transmembrane-domain receptors. . J. Mol. Med. . 77 . 6 . 495–504 . 1999 . 10475064 . 10.1007/s001090050403 . 19633923 .
• Lagerström MC, Fredriksson R, Bjarnadottir TK, Schiöth HB . The ancestry of the prolactin-releasing hormone precursor. . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. . 1040 . 368–70 . 2006 . 1 . 15891064 . 10.1196/annals.1327.064 . 45949972 .
• Hinuma S, Habata Y, Fujii R, etal . A prolactin-releasing peptide in the brain. . Nature . 393 . 6682 . 272–6 . 1998 . 9607765 . 10.1038/30515 . 1998Natur.393..272H . 4306854 .
• Fujii R, Fukusumi S, Hosoya M, etal . Tissue distribution of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and its receptor. . Regul. Pept. . 83 . 1 . 1–10 . 1999 . 10498338 . 10.1016/S0167-0115(99)00028-2 . 45945978 .
• Zhang X, Danila DC, Katai M, etal . Expression of prolactin-releasing peptide and its receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in normal human pituitary and pituitary adenomas. . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. . 84 . 12 . 4652–5 . 2000 . 10.1210/jcem.84.12.6191 . 10599733 . 18892388 . free .
• Yasui Y, Yamaguchi M, Jikihara H, etal . Expression of prolactin-releasing peptide in human placenta and decidua . Endocr. J. . 48 . 3 . 397–401 . 2002 . 11523913 . 10.1507/endocrj.48.397 . free .
• Takahashi K, Totsune K, Murakami O, etal . Expression of prolactin-releasing peptide and its receptor in the human adrenal glands and tumor tissues of adrenocortical tumors, pheochromocytomas and neuroblastomas . Peptides . 23 . 6 . 1135–40 . 2003 . 12126742 . 10.1016/S0196-9781(02)00046-3 . 24182099 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: PRLH prolactin releasing hormonel.
2. Langmead CJ, Szekeres PG, Chambers JK, Ratcliffe SJ, Jones DN, Hirst WD, Price GW, Herdon HJ . Characterization of the binding of [(125)I]-human prolactin releasing peptide (PrRP) to GPR10, a novel G protein coupled receptor . Br. J. Pharmacol. . 131 . 4 . 683–8 . October 2000 . 11030716 . 1572376 . 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703617 .
3. Book: Brunton . Paula . Russell . John . 2015 . Physiology of Reproduction . Academic Press . 10.1016/C2011-1-07288-0 . 978-0-12-397175-3 . April 29, 2020. Fourth . (This extract is more helpful.)