Prohibited airspace explained

A prohibited airspace is an area (volume) of airspace within which flight of aircraft is not allowed, usually due to security concerns. It is one of many types of special use airspace designations and is depicted on aeronautical charts with the letter "P" followed by a serial number. It differs from restricted airspace in that entry is typically forbidden at all times from all aircraft and is not subject to clearance from ATC or the airspace's controlling body.

According to the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): "Restricted Areas contain airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the earth within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. Such areas are established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare. These areas are published in the Federal Register and are depicted on aeronautical charts."

Some prohibited airspace may be supplemented via NOTAMs. For example, Prohibited Area 40 (P-40) and Restricted Area 4009 (R4009) often have additional restricted airspace added via a NOTAM when the President of the United States visits Camp David in Maryland, while normally the airspace outside of P-40 and R4009 is not prohibited/restricted.

Violating prohibited airspace established for national security purposes may result in military interception and/or the possibility of an attack upon the violating aircraft, or if this is avoided then large fines and jail time are often incurred. Aircraft violating or about to violate prohibited airspace are often warned beforehand on 121.5 MHz, the emergency frequency for aircraft.

List of prohibited airspaces

Australia

China

Cuba

Finland

France

Greece

Hungary

[6] [7]

India

Iran

Ireland

Israel

Due to Arab–Israeli conflict, Israeli aircraft are not allowed to fly over numerous countries. These include:

Pakistan

Peru

Poland

Russia

Since October 25, 2015, Ukrainian aircraft have been prohibited from entering Russian airspace.

After the Western countries banned Russian planes from its skies following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, aircraft registered in or operated by the Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States, Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and the European Union member states are banned from using Russian airspace.[12]

On October 30, 2022, Cathay Pacific announced that it would resume using Russian airspace on some flights such as the "polar route" from New York to Hong Kong, which had stopped following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[13]

Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian aircraft are not allowed to fly over numerous countries. These include:

Saudi Arabia

South Korea

Besides, North Korean aircraft must obtain special approval from South Korean authorities before entering its airspace, and must not enter directly above the Military Demarcation Line (MDL).

Sri Lanka

According to Air Navigation (Air Defence) Regulation 1 (2007), airspace over the territory and territorial waters of Sri Lanka (except Ruhuna Open Skies Area) are declared an air defence identification zone (ADIZ) with prohibited areas and restricted areas within it. No aircraft may operate in prohibited or restricted areas without valid air defence clearance (ADC) from the Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF).

Prohibited areas are,[15]

Restricted areas are,

Taiwan

Besides, Mainland China-registered aircraft bearing the Chinese national flag are also prohibited from entering Taiwanese airspace.

Turkey

Ukraine

Since October 25, 2015 all traffic by Russian aircraft has been prohibited. As the result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the civilian flights flying over Ukraine and flights to the Ukrainian cities are suspended for the time being.[17]

United Kingdom

United States

The FAA issues Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR) in the form of a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) which are effective for the duration of an event, typically a few days or weeks. TFRs are issued for VIP movement such as the president's travels outside Washington, D.C., surface-based hazards to flight such as toxic gas spills or volcanic eruptions, air-shows, military security, and special events including political ones like national party conventions.[20] TFRs have also been issued to ensure a safe environment for firefighting operations in the case of wildfires and for other reasons as necessary. A TFR was quickly issued around the crash site of Cory Lidle's airplane in New York City. Later, a broader TFR was issued to require pilots traveling over the East River to obtain air traffic control clearance.

Permanent prohibited areas

Temporary restrictions over Disney theme parks were made permanent with language added to a 2003 federal spending bill.[21] Additionally, an indirect TFR prohibits flight below 3000feet above ground level and within a 3nmi radius of stadiums with seating capacity of 30,000 or more, in which an World Series, MLS Cup Final, Super Bowl, College Football Playoff National Championship, NASCAR grand slam races, or a WrestleMania is taking place, from one hour before to one hour after the event except those sports teams residing and stadiums in Canada.

TFRs over public and corporate venues have been controversial. Groups have questioned whether these last TFRs served a public need, or the needs of politically connected venue operators.[22] [23]

Other restrictions

In addition to areas off limits to civil aviation, a variety of other airspace restrictions exists in the United States. Notable ones include the Flight Restriction Zone (FRZ) encompassing all airspace up to 18000feet within approximately 15nmi of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport around Washington, D.C. Flights within this airspace, while not entirely prohibited, are highly restricted. All pilots flying within the FRZ are required to undergo a background check and fingerprinting. An additional "Special Flight Rules Area" encompassing most of the Baltimore-Washington D.C. metropolitan area requires the filing of a flight plan and communication with air traffic control.

See also

References

  1. Designated Airspace Handbook
  2. [Staff writer]
  3. Web site: Valtioneuvoston asetus ilmailulta rajoitetuista alueista . December 4, 2020. Finlex . December 4, 2020.
  4. Web site: AIRAC 2019-05-23 . 2019-05-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190525191414/https://www.sia.aviation-civile.gouv.fr/dvd/eAIP_23_MAY_2019/FRANCE/AIRAC-2019-05-23/html/index-fr-FR.html . 2019-05-25 . dead .
  5. Web site: Espace aérien. June 9, 2013. . fr.
  6. Web site: Hungary all zones below 9500ft / 2900m including green zones – Airspace route planner. www.galatech.hu.
  7. Web site: Airspace of the Budapest metropolitan area (detailed map).
  8. Official order by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India) dated 16 December 2008 (http://dgca.nic.in/aic/aic14_2008.pdf). Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  9. News: Kumar. Vinay. No-fly zone over Kalpakkam plant. https://web.archive.org/web/20081217051014/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/17/stories/2008121758680100.htm. dead. 17 December 2008. 25 October 2011. The Hindu. 17 December 2008.
  10. Web site: Direction. 2004. www.iaa.ie . PDF. 2020-01-11.
  11. http://www.moscow-blog.com/tag/military-power/ May9thParade
  12. News: Russia to bar people from a growing list of "unfriendly" nations as sanctions over Putin's Ukraine war bite. 28 March 2022. CBS News. Paramount. New York. AFP.
  13. News: Shekhawat . Jaiveersingh . Dey . Mrinmay . 2022-10-30 . Cathay Pacific to resume some flights in Russian airspace . en . Hong Kong. Reuters. 2022-10-30.
  14. Web site: Why Commercial Airplanes Never Fly Over Some Places ?.
  15. https://airport.lk/aasl/AIS/AMDT%20WEB/AIP%20FROM%2018%20JULY%202019/PDF/E62-1-15.pdf
  16. News: İmralı'nın üzerindeki uçuş yasağının sınırlarını daraltıldı . Habertürk . tr . 11 February 2018 . 11 February 2018.
  17. News: Ukraine airspace closed to civilian flights. Timmins. Beth. BBC News. Kyiv. 24 February 2022.
  18. News: Windsor Castle no-fly zone application after security breach . BBC News . 9 January 2022.
  19. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/1024/pdfs/uksi_20181024_en.pdf The Air Navigation (Restriction of Flying) (Windsor Castle) (No. 2) Regulations 2018
  20. Web site: FLIGHT ADVISORY National Special Security Event Republican National Convention Tampa, Florida August 26-30, 2012. FAA.
  21. News: No-fly zones over Disney parks face new scrutiny. Pearce. Matt. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles.
  22. http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/complete/185003-1.html
  23. Web site: Aircraft Building | EAA. www.eaa.org.

External links

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Prohibited airspace".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.