MMRV vaccine explained

Verifiedfields:changed
Verifiedrevid:447558193
Type:combo
Component1:Measles vaccine
Class1:Vaccine
Component2:Mumps vaccine
Class2:Vaccine
Component3:Rubella vaccine
Class3:Vaccine
Component4:Varicella vaccine
Class4:Vaccine
Tradename:Proquad, Priorix Tetra
Dailymedid:Proquad
Pregnancy Au:B2
Pregnancy Au Comment:[1]
Routes Of Administration:Subcutaneous, intramuscular
Atc Prefix:J07
Atc Suffix:BD54
Legal Au:S4
Legal Ca:Rx-only
Legal Ca Comment:/Schedule D[2] [3]
Legal Us:Rx-only
Legal Us Comment:[4]
Legal Eu:Rx-only
Legal Status:Rx-only
Cas Number:1704519-64-1
Chemspiderid:none
Synonyms:Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella Virus Vaccine Live

The MMRV vaccine is a combination vaccine which combines the attenuated virus measles, mumps, rubella (German measles), and varicella (chickenpox). The MMRV vaccine has similar immunogenicity and overall safety profiles to the MMR vaccine administered with or without the varicella vaccine. The MMRV vaccine is typically given to children between one and two years of age.[5]

Several companies supply MMRV vaccines. Proquad is marketed by Merck and was approved in 2005, for use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for children ages twelve months through twelve years. An MMRV vaccine called Priorix Tetra[6] [7] by GlaxoSmithKline has been approved in Germany and Australia.[8] [9] [10]

Recommendations

The MMRV vaccine, a combined MMR and varicella vaccine, simplifies administration of the vaccines.[11] One 2008 study indicated a rate of febrile seizures of 9 per 10,000 vaccinations with MMRV, as opposed to 4 per 10,000 for separate MMR and varicella shots; U.S. health officials known as the ACIP therefore do not express a preference for use of MMRV vaccine over separate injections.[12] [13]

Adverse events

Rare but serious adverse events reported following Proquad vaccination include allergic reactions, including swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; difficulty breathing or closing of the throat; hives; paleness; weakness; dizziness; a fast heart beat; deafness; long-term seizures, coma, or lowered consciousness; seizures (jerking or staring) caused by fever; or temporary low platelet count.

For children age two and younger, the MMRV vaccine is associated with significantly more adverse events compared to separate administration of MMR and varicella vaccinations on the same day.[14] There are 4.3 additional febrile seizures per 10,000 vaccinated children (95% CI 2.6–5.6), 7.5 additional mostly mild fever episodes per 100 vaccinated children (95% CI, 5.4–9.4) and 1.1 additional measles-like rash per 100 children (95% CI, 0.2–1.8). Febrile seizures caused by the MMRV vaccine occur 7 to 10 days after vaccination. In children age 4–6, there is no evidence for an increased risk in febrile seizures after the administration of Proquad compared to the separate administration of MMR and Varicella vaccines.[15] [16]

Legal status

Proquad was approved for medical use in the United States in September 2005,[17] [18] in the European Union in April 2006,[19] in Australia in February 2007,[20] and in Canada in May 2014.

Priorix Tetra was approved for medical use in Australia in November 2005,[21] and in Canada in June 2008.

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Measles virus vaccine / mumps virus vaccine / rubella virus vaccine / varicella virus vaccine (Proquad) Use During Pregnancy . Drugs.com . 16 October 2019 . 26 January 2020 . 19 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191019060824/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/measles-virus-vaccine-mumps-virus-vaccine-rubella-virus-vaccine-varicella-virus-vaccine.html . live .
  2. Web site: Proquad Product information . . 9 May 2014 . 10 June 2024 . 10 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240610050012/https://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info?lang=eng&code=88411 . live .
  3. Web site: Priorix Tetra Product information . . 4 June 2008 . 10 June 2024 . 10 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240610050056/https://health-products.canada.ca/dpd-bdpp/info?lang=eng&code=78322 . live .
  4. Web site: DailyMed - Proquad- measles, mumps, rubella and varicella virus vaccine live injection, powder, lyophilized, for suspension. 9 October 2020. 6 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200406003810/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=73eae9fc-507b-4c9c-883d-63eb2e3cc6f6. live.
  5. Kowalzik F, Faber J, Knuf M . MMR and MMRV vaccines . Vaccine . 36 . 36 . 5402–5407 . August 2018 . 28757060 . 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.051 . Progress in Vaccines .
  6. Wellington K, Goa KL . Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (Priorix; GSK-MMR): a review of its use in the prevention of measles, mumps and rubella . Drugs . 63 . 19 . 2107–2126 . 2003 . 12962524 . 10.2165/00003495-200363190-00012 . 46973762 .
  7. Web site: GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Trial Register . GlaxoSmithKline . https://web.archive.org/web/20071130025501/http://ctr.gsk.co.uk/Summary/Vaccine_Priorix_Tetra/studylist.asp . 30 November 2007 . dead . 19 October 2019.
  8. Web site: Priorix-tetra . The Australian Immunisation Handbook . 4 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191019055834/https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/vaccines/priorix-tetra . 19 October 2019 . live . 18 October 2019.
  9. Bauchau V, Van Holle L, Cohen C . Modelling Hospitalisation Ratios for Febrile Convulsions and Severe Varicella Under Combined Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (MMRV-Priorix-Tetra) Compared to Separate MMR + V Vaccination . Drug Safety . 38 . 11 . 1095–1102 . November 2015 . 26251259 . 4608986 . 10.1007/s40264-015-0326-4 .
  10. Web site: PEI Table of vaccines for measles with a valid marketing authorisation . PEI, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel . 19 October 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191019060437/https://www.pei.de/EN/medicinal-products/vaccines-human/measles/measles-node.html . 19 October 2019 . live . de . 18 October 2019.
  11. Vesikari T, Sadzot-Delvaux C, Rentier B, Gershon A . Increasing coverage and efficiency of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and introducing universal varicella vaccination in Europe: a role for the combined vaccine . The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal . 26 . 7 . 632–638 . July 2007 . 17596807 . 10.1097/INF.0b013e3180616c8f . 41981427 .
  12. Update: recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding administration of combination MMRV vaccine . MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report . 57 . 10 . 258–260 . March 2008 . 18340332 . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) . 19 January 2021 . 19 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201019154628/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5710.pdf . live .
  13. Marin M, Broder KR, Temte JL, Snider DE, Seward JF . Use of combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) . MMWR. Recommendations and Reports . 59 . RR-3 . 1–12 . May 2010 . 20448530 . 10 June 2024 . 16 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230316074656/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr5903.pdf . live .
  14. News: https://web.archive.org/web/20150120063519/http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmrv.html . MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella & Varicella) VIS. 21 May 2010. 20 January 2015. CDC.
  15. Klein NP, Fireman B, Yih WK, Lewis E, Kulldorff M, Ray P, Baxter R, Hambidge S, Nordin J, Naleway A, Belongia EA, Lieu T, Baggs J, Weintraub E . Measles-mumps-rubella-varicella combination vaccine and the risk of febrile seizures . Pediatrics . 126 . 1 . e1–e8 . July 2010 . 20587679 . 10.1542/peds.2010-0665 . free .
  16. News: CBER clinical review of studies submitted in support of licensure of Proquad . US Food and Drug Administration . August 2005 . 16 December 2019 . 6 May 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170506064422/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM123800.pdf . live .
  17. Web site: Proquad . U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . 23 July 2017 . https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170723030938/https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm188806.htm . 8 October 2020 . dead .
  18. Web site: Proquad . U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . 8 October 2020 . STN: 125108 . 11 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201111195629/https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/proquad . live .
  19. Web site: Proquad EPAR . European Medicines Agency (EMA) . 6 April 2006 . 8 October 2020 . 21 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201021003222/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/proquad . live .
  20. Web site: Proquad measles mumps rubella varicella live virus vaccine injection vial with prefilled diluent syringe (126157) . Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) . 26 May 2022 . 10 June 2024 . 10 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240610042043/https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/artg/126157 . live .
  21. Web site: Priorix-Tetra vaccine 0.5mL powder for injection vial with diluent syringe (107286) . Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) . 26 May 2022 . 10 June 2024 . 31 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131231718/https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/artg/107286 . live .

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