Principense Creole Explained
| Principense Creole |
| Nativename: | lunguyê |
| States: | São Tomé and Príncipe |
| Speakers: | 200 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Familycolor: | Creole |
| Fam1: | Portuguese-based creole |
| Fam2: | Lower Guinea |
| Iso3: | pre |
| Glotto: | prin1242 |
| Glottorefname: | Principense |
| Lingua: | 51-AAC-acb |
| Map: | Location São Tomé and Príncipe AU Africa.svg |
| Mapcaption: | Location of São Tomé and Príncipe |
Principense Creole (endonym: lunguyê) is a Portuguese-based creole language spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe, specifically the island of Príncipe. There are two Portuguese creoles on the island of São Tomé, Angolar and Forro.[1] Today, younger generations of São Toméans are not likely to speak Principense, which has led to its fast decline and moribund status.[2] It is mostly spoken by the elderly (Ethnologue gives a figure of approximately 200 native speakers in total), while most of the island's community speaks noncreole Portuguese; some also speak another, closely related creole, Forro.
Principense presents many similarities with the Forro on São Tomé and may be regarded as a Forro dialect. Like Forro, it is a creole language heavily lexified by Portuguese with substrates of Bantu and Kwa.
Further reading
- Schuchardt . Hugo . 1889 . Beiträge zur Kenntnis des kreolischen Romanisch IV. Zum Negerportugiesischen der Ilha do Principe . Contributions to the knowledge of Romance Creoles IV. On the Negro Portuguese of Ilha do Principe . Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie . German . 13 . 464–475.
- Book: Günther, Wilfried . Das portugiesische Kreolisch der Ilha do Príncipe . 1973 . Marburg an der Lahn . The Portuguese Creole of Ilha do Príncipe.
- Book: Maurer, Philippe . Principense (Lung'Ie): Grammar, Texts, and Vocabulary of the Afro-Portuguese Creole of the island of Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea . 2009 . Battlebridge . London.
- Araujo . Vanessa Pinheiro de . Um dicionário principense-português . 2012 . Master's . Universidade de São Paulo . 10.11606/d.8.2013.tde-11062013-101052 . free . pt . A Principe-Portuguese dictionary.
- Agostinho . Ana Lívia . Fonologia e método pedagógico do lung'le . 2015 . Doctor's . Universidade de São Paulo . 10.11606/t.8.2014.tde-22062015-141126 . free . pt . Phonology and pedagogical method of Lung'le.
External links
Notes and References
- Book: Holm
, John A.
. Pidgins and Creoles: Reference Survey. Cambridge UP. 1989. Cambridge. 277. registration. 978-0-521-35940-5.
- http://repositorio.ul.pt/bitstream/10451/18319/1/ulfl183078_tm.pdf Estudo do Léxico do São-Tomense com Dicionário, Carlos Fontes - Universidade de Coimbra.
