| Conventional Long Name: | Principality of Taranto |
| Common Name: | Taranto |
| Status: | Vassal State of: Kingdom of Sicily (1130-1282) Kingdom of Naples (1282-1465) |
| Government Type: | Principality |
| Year Start: | 1088 |
| Year End: | 1465 |
| Event End: | Death of Isabella of Clermont |
| Date End: | 30 March |
| P1: | County of Apulia and Calabria |
| Flag P1: | Coat of Arms of Robert Guiscard.svg |
| Border P1: | no |
| S1: | Kingdom of Naples |
| Image Map Caption: | Approximate area of the Principality of Taranto within the Kingdom of Sicily, 1154 |
| Capital: | Taranto |
| Common Languages: | Medieval Latin |
| Religion: | Roman Catholicism |
| Leader1: | Bohemond I (first) |
| Leader2: | Isabella (last) |
| Year Leader1: | 1088–1111 |
| Year Leader2: | 1463–1465 |
| Title Leader: | Prince |
The Principality of Taranto was a state in southern Italy created in 1088 for Bohemond I, eldest son of Robert Guiscard, as part of the peace between him and his younger brother Roger Borsa after a dispute over the succession to the Duchy of Apulia.
Taranto became the capital of the principality, which covered almost all of the heel of Apulia. During its subsequent 377 years of history, it was sometimes a powerful and almost independent feudal fief of the Kingdom of Sicily (and later of Naples), sometimes only a title, often given to the heir to the crown or to the husband of a reigning queen. When the House of Anjou was divided, Taranto fell to the house of Durazzo (1394 - 1463).
Ferdinand I of Naples united the Principality of Taranto, to the Kingdom of Naples, at the death of his wife, Isabella of Clermont. The principality came to an end, but the kings of Naples continued giving the title of Prince of Taranto to their sons, firstly to the future Alfonso II of Naples, eldest son of Isabella.
See main article: Princess of Taranto.