| Consort: | yes |
| Princess Mathilde Sophie | |
| Full Name: | German: link=no|Mathilde Sophie |
| Reign: | 24 January 1839 – 10 November 1871 |
| Succession: | Princess consort of Thurn and Taxis |
| Spouse: | Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis |
| Issue: | Prince Otto Prince Georg Prince Paul Princess Amalie Prince Hugo Prince Gustav Prince Wilhelm Prince Adolf Prince Franz Prince Nikolaus Prince Alfred Princess Marie Georgine |
| House: | Oettingen-Spielberg |
| Father: | Johannes Aloysius III, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg |
| Mother: | Princess Amalie Auguste of Wrede |
| Birth Date: | 9 February 1816 |
| Birth Place: | Oettingen, Kingdom of Bavaria |
| Death Place: | Obermais, Meran, County of Tyrol, Austria-Hungary |
| Burial Place: | Gruftkapelle, Saint Emmeram's Abbey, Regensburg |
Princess Mathilde Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg (in German: Mathilde Sophie, Prinzessin zu Oettingen-Oettingen und Oettingen-Spielberg; 9 February 1816 – 20 January 1886) was a member of the Princely House of Oettingen-Spielberg and a Princess of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg by birth. Through her marriage to Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Mathilde Sophie was also a member of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis and Princess consort of Thurn and Taxis.
Mathilde Sophie was the eldest daughter and second-eldest child of Johannes Aloysius III, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg (1788-1855) and his wife Princess Amalie Auguste von Wrede (1796-1871).
Mathilde Sophie married Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, fourth child of Karl Alexander, 5th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Duchess Therese of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, on 24 January 1839 in Oettingen, Kingdom of Bavaria. Mathilde Sophie and Maximilian Karl had twelve children: