| Prince Friedrich | |
| Full Name: | Friedrich Johann Bernhard Hermann Heinrich Moritz |
| Issue: |
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| House: | Saxe-Meiningen |
| Father: | Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen |
| Mother: | Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg |
| Birth Date: | 12 October 1861 |
| Birth Place: | Meiningen, Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, German Confederation |
| Death Place: | Tarcienne, Walcourt, Belgium |
Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Meiningen, Duke of Saxony (Friedrich Johann Bernhard Hermann Heinrich Moritz; 12 October 1861 – 23 August 1914) was a German soldier and member of the Ducal House of Saxe-Meiningen.
Prince Friedrich was born in Meiningen the second son of Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and his second wife Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, a descendant of Diego Velázquez.
Prince Friedrich attended the University of Bonn where unusually for a royal prince he refused to accept an adjutant or maintain a horse and carriage. At university due to his royal status he was a member of the exclusive "Borussia" student dueling corps. Although the future William II, German Emperor was a prominent member, Prince Friedrich was not active in the group, rarely attending meetings, instead preferring to shun social life in favour of concentrating on his studies. He narrowly escaped serious injury at Bonn when a retort blew up near him during a chemical experiment.[1]
After finishing his studies Prince Friedrich entered into the army. Just as he had at university while a lieutenant in Strassbourg he was not an active member of society focusing on the study of artillery. He was promoted to colonel in 1902, brigadier general in 1907 and major general in 1910 before retiring from the army in 1913.[1]
With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Prince Friedrich, despite suffering a broken arm a short while beforehand, returned to active service. He took the command of the 39th Reserve Infantry Brigade, part of the X Reserve Corps. The corps participated in the German invasion of Belgium. Unfortunately, Prince Friedrich was killed on 23 August. His son Prince Georg, travelled to meet his father's regiment to discover his father's fate. He discovered his father had been struck by shrapnel or machine gun bullets when he left a house he was using as an observation post.[1] One of his sons, Ernst Leopold followed his father three days later.
His body was brought to the College of the Sacred Heart of Charleroi where he was embalmed. His body was returned to Meiningen for burial.
The American sculptor and Rome resident Moses Ezekiel created a bust of him.[2]
Prince Friedrich married Countess Adelaide of Lippe-Biesterfeld (later Princess of Lippe), daughter of Count Ernst of Lippe-Biesterfeld, in Neudorf on 24 April 1889. The dynastic status of the marriage of Friedrich and Adelaide was questioned during the Lippe succession dispute when it was argued that if Adelaide's brother, Leopold, was excluded from the Lippe succession on the grounds that their great-grandmother, Modeste von Unruh, was not of equal birth, then the children of Friedrich and Adelaide should be excluded from the Saxe-Meiningen succession on the same grounds.[3]
Prince Friedrich and Princess Adelaide had six children who were full members of the Ducal House of Saxe-Meiningen:
He received the following orders and decorations:[4]