Metenolone acetate explained

Metenolone acetate, or methenolone acetate, sold under the brand names Primobolan and Nibal, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of anemia due to bone marrow failure.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]} It is taken by mouth. Although it was widely used in the past, the drug has mostly been discontinued and hence is now mostly no longer available. A related drug, metenolone enanthate, is given by injection into muscle.

Side effects of metenolone acetate include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire. The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).^[7] It has moderate anabolic effects and weak androgenic effects, as well as no estrogenic effects or risk of liver damage. Metenolone enanthate is a metenolone ester and a prodrug of metenolone in the body.

Metenolone acetate was introduced for medical use in 1961. In addition to its medical use, metenolone acetate is used to improve physique and performance. The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit. It remains marketed for medical use only in a few countries, such as Japan and Moldova.

Chemistry

See also: List of androgens/anabolic steroids and List of androgen esters.

Metenolone acetate, or metenolone 17β-acetate, is a synthetic androstane steroid and a derivative of DHT. It is the C17β acetate ester of metenolone, which itself is 1-methyl-δ¹-4,5α-dihydrotestosterone (1-methyl-δ¹-DHT) or 1-methyl-5α-androst-1-en-17β-ol-3-one.

History

Metenolone acetate was first introduced for medical use in West Germany in 1961 under the brand name Primobolan and in the United States in 1962.^[8]

Society and culture

Generic names

Metenolone acetate is the generic name of the drug and its, while methenolone acetate is its and .

Brand names

Metenolone acetate is or has been marketed under a number of brand names including Primobolan, Primobolan S, Primonabol, and Nibal.

Availability

Metenolone acetate is marketed in Japan and Moldova.

Notes and References

1. Book: Elks J . The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. 14 November 2014. Springer. 978-1-4757-2085-3. 784–.
2. Book: Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. 2000. Taylor & Francis. 978-3-88763-075-1. 659–661.
3. Book: Morton IK, Hall JM . Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. 6 December 2012. Springer Science & Business Media. 978-94-011-4439-1. 178–.
4. Web site: List of Androgens and anabolic steroids . drugs.com .
5. Book: William Llewellyn. Anabolics. 2011. Molecular Nutrition Llc. 978-0-9828280-1-4. 625–632.
6. Book: Handelsman DJ . Androgen Physiology, Pharmacology, and Abuse. Jameson JL, De Groot LJ . Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric E-Book. https://books.google.com/books?id=xmLeBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2388 . 25 February 2015. Elsevier Health Sciences. 978-0-323-32195-2. 2388–.
7. Kicman AT . Pharmacology of anabolic steroids . British Journal of Pharmacology . 154 . 3 . 502–521 . June 2008 . 18500378 . 2439524 . 10.1038/bjp.2008.165 .
8. Book: William Andrew Publishing. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia . 3rd . 22 October 2013. Elsevier. 978-0-8155-1856-3. 2109–.