| Whs: | Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe |
| Image Upright: | 1.2 |
| Location: | (see map) |
| Id: | 1133quinquies |
| Year: | 2007 |
| Extension: | 2011, 2017, 2021, 2023 |
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe is a transnational serial nature UNESCO World Heritage Site, encompassing 93 component parts (forests of European beech, Fagus sylvatica) in 18 European countries. Together, the sites protect the largest and least disturbed forests dominated by the beech tree. In many of these stands, especially those in the Carpathians, beech forests have persisted without interruption or interference since the last ice age. These sites document the undisturbed postglacial repopulation of the species.
The Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians include ten separate massifs located along the 185km (115miles) long axis from the Rakhiv mountains and Chornohora ridge in Ukraine over the Poloniny Ridge (Slovakia) to the Vihorlat Mountains in Slovakia. The Ancient Beech Forests of Germany include five locations, cover 4,391 hectares and were added in 2011.
The Carpathian site covers a total area of 77971.6ha, out of which only 29278.9ha are part of the actual preserved area, while the rest is considered a "buffer zone". Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians cover areas of Zakarpattia and Prešov Regions. Over 70% of the site is located in Ukraine. The area includes two national parks, and some habitat controlled areas, mostly in Slovakia. Both national parks, along with a neighboring area in Poland, compose a separate biosphere reserve, the East Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. Besides Havešová, Rožok, and Stužica (all of them located in Bukovské vrchy), there is a fourth component situated in Slovakia, named Kyjovský prales of Vihorlat. Ukrainian locations include Chornohora, Kuziy-Trybushany, Maramarosh, Stuzhytsia–Uzhok, Svydovets, and Uholka–Shyrikyi Luh. Only a few of the ten components are accessible to visitors. Stužica is the only one of three locations in Bukovské vrchy (Slovakia) with available hiking trails. In 2017, UNESCO extended the site, adding forests in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, and Spain.[1] In 2021 UNESCO extended the site again adding forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czechia, France, Italy, North Macedonia, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland.[2] Then in 2023 further minor extensions were made, including an expansion to the Dürrenstein-Lassingtal site in Austria, and the addition of a forest at Paklenica National Park in Croatia.[3]
The component parts included in the site as of December 2023 are:
| Country | Serial ID No. or ID | Component part | Component cluster | Property [ha] | Buffer zone [ha] | Year inscrib. | Centre point coordinates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carpathian Beech Forest Region | ||||||||
| 1133quinquies-001 UA_CBR | 2,476.80 | 12,925.00 | 2007 | 48.1403°N 24.3931°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-002 UA_CBR | Kuziy-Trybushany | 1,369.60 | 3,163.40 | 2007 | 47.9392°N 24.1406°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-003 UA_CBR | 2,243.60 | 6,230.40 | 2007 | 47.9367°N 24.3264°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-004 UA_UNNP | 2,532.00 | 3,615.00 | 2007 | 49.0828°N 22.5958°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-005 UA_CBR | 3,030.50 | 5,639.50 | 2007 | 48.1892°N 24.2269°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-006 UA_CBR | 11,860.00 | 3,301.00 | 2007 | 48.3061°N 23.6961°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-063 UA_GORG | 753.48 | 4,637.59 | 2017 | 48.4719°N 24.2994°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-066 UA_SYNE | Darvaika | 1,588.46 | 312.32 | 2017 | 48.4872°N 23.7489°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-067 UA_SYNE | Kvasovets | 561.62 | 333.63 | 2017 | 48.385°N 23.7128°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-068 UA_SYNE | 260.65 | 191.14 | 2017 | 48.4531°N 23.7967°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-069 UA_SYNE | Vilshany | 454.31 | 253.85 | 2017 | 48.3556°N 23.66°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-070 UA_ZACH | Irshavka | 93.97 | 1,275.44 | 2017 | 48.4525°N 23.0897°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-071 UA_ZACH | Velykyi Dil | 1,164.16 | 2017 | 48.4225°N 23.1617°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-089 SK-POLO-01 | Havešová | 167.88 | 6,474.84 | 2007 2021* | 49.0097°N 22.3372°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-090 SK-POLO-02 | Rožok | 74.37 | 1,138.89 | 2007 2021* | 48.9778°N 22.4644°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-091 SK-POLO-03 | 1,742.47 | 5,694.84 | 2007 2021* | 49.0842°N 22.495°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-092 SK-POLO-04 | Udava | 455.82 | 814.69 | 2007 2021* | 49.1753°N 22.2275°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-093 SK-VIHO-02 | 1,553.06 | 854.08 | 2007 2021* | 48.9156°N 22.1869°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-043 RO_NERE | 4,292.27 | 5,959.87 | 2017 | 44.9053°N 21.8111°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-044 RO_SINC | Sinca secular forest (Codrul secular Șinca) | 338.24 | 445.76 | 2017 | 45.6667°N 25.1706°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-045 RO_SLAT | Slătioara secular forest (Codrul secular Slătioara) | 609.12 | 429.43 | 2017 | 47.4433°N 25.6275°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-046 RO_COZI | Cozia Massif | 2,285.86 | 2,408.83 | 2017 | 45.3317°N 24.3256°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-047 RO_COZI | Lotrisor | 1,103.30 | 2017 | 45.2953°N 24.2592°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-048 RO_DOMO | 5,110.63 | 51,461.28 | 2017 | 44.9419°N 22.4686°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-049 RO_DOMO | Iauna Craiovei | 3,517.36 | 2017 | 45.1086°N 22.5781°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-050 RO_DOMO | Ciucevele Cernei | 1,104.27 | 2017 | 45.2444°N 22.8231°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-051 RO_TIBL | Izvorul Șurii | 210.55 | 563.57 | 2017 | 47.5497°N 24.1858°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-052 RO_TIBL | Preluci | 135.82 | 2017 | 47.5347°N 24.2203°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-053 RO_IZVO | 4,677.21 | 2,494.83 | 2017 | 45.1225°N 22.0664°W | ||||
| 1133ter-046 RO_STRA | 598.14 | 713.09 | 2017 | 47.6258°N 24.0731°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-085 PL-BIES-01 | Border Ridge and Górna Solinka valley | 1,506.05 | 24,330.52 | 2021 | 49.0994°N 22.5567°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-086 PL-BIES-02 | Połonina Wetlińska and Smerek | 1,178.03 | 2021 | 49.1808°N 22.5033°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-087 PL-BIES-03 | Terebowiec stream valley | 201.00 | 2021 | 49.0936°N 22.7247°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-088 PL-BIES-04 | Wołosatka stream valley | 586.66 | 2021 | 49.0669°N 22.7447°W | ||||
| Polonic-Podoloc-Moldovan Beech Forest Region | ||||||||
| Ukraine | 1133quinquies-064 UA_ROZT | 384.81 | 598.21 | 2017 | 49.9622°N 23.6494°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-065 UA_SATA | 212.01 | 559.37 | 2017 | 49.1739°N 26.2489°W | ||||
| Baltic Beech Forest Region | ||||||||
| 1133quinquies-007 DE_JASM | 492.50 | 2,510.50 | 2011 | 54.5481°N 13.6453°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-008 DE_SERR | 268.10 | 2,568.00 | 2011 | 53.34°N 13.1978°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-009 DE_GRUM | Grumsin | 590.10 | 274.30 | 2011 | 52.9864°N 13.8956°W | |||
| Subatlantic-Hercynic Beech Forest Region | ||||||||
| Germany | 1133quinquies-010 DE_HAIN | 1,573.40 | 4,085.40 | 2011 | 51.0786°N 10.4356°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-011 DE_KELL | 1,467.10 | 4,271.40 | 2011 | 51.1453°N 8.9736°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-075 CZ-JIZE-01 | 444.81 | 2,279.40 | 2021 | 50.8583°N 15.1556°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-077 FR-GRAN-01 | Grand Ventron | 319.00 | 1,328.00 | 2021 | 47.9722°N 6.9397°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-073 CH-BETT-01 | Bettlachstock Forest (Forêt de la Bettlachstock) | 195.43 | 1,094.16 | 2021 | 47.2228°N 7.4119°W | |||
| Alpic Beech Forest Region | ||||||||
| 1133quinquies-014 AT_DUER | Dürrenstein-Lassingtal | 3,685.27 | 3,089.78 | 2017 2023* | 47.77°N 15.0475°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-015 AT_KALK | Hintergebirge | 2,946.20 | 14,197.24 | 2017 | 47.7494°N 14.4822°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-016 AT_KALK | Bodinggraben | 890.89 | 2017 | 47.7872°N 14.3533°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-017 AT_KALK | Urlach | 264.82 | 2017 | 47.8042°N 14.2394°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-018 AT_KALK | Wilder Graben | 1,149.75 | 2017 | 47.8333°N 14.4336°W | ||||
| Switzerland | 1133quinquies-074 CH-LODA-01 | 806.78 | 2,330.74 | 2021 | 46.2636°N 8.6531°W | |||
| France | 1133quinquies-076 FR-CHAP-01 | Chapitre | 371.30 | 41.65 | 2021 | 44.6344°N 5.9986°W | ||
| Atlantic Beech Forest Region | ||||||||
| 1133quinquies-019 BE_SONI | Forest Reserve “Joseph Zwaenepoel” | Sonian Forest (Forêt de Soignes) | 187.34 | 4,650.86 | 2017 | 50.7564°N 4.4167°W | ||
| 1133quinquies-020 BE_SONI | Grippensdelle A | 24.11 | 2017 | 50.7817°N 4.4267°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-021 BE_SONI | Grippensdelle B | 37.38 | 2017 | 50.7836°N 4.4325°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-022 BE_SONI | Réserve forestière du Ticton A | 13.98 | 2017 | 50.7342°N 4.4369°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-023 BE_SONI | Réserve forestière du Ticton B | 6.50 | 2017 | 50.7269°N 4.4308°W | ||||
| Moesian-Balcanic Beech Forest Region | ||||||||
| 1133quinquies-012 AL_LUMI | 1,261.52 | 8,977.48 | 2017 | 42.4267°N 20.0958°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-013 AL_RRAJ | 2,129.45 | 2,569.75 | 2017 | 41.2031°N 20.5006°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-084 MN-DLAB-01 | 193.27 | 234.70 | 2021 | 41.7631°N 20.5878°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-024 BG_BALK | Boatin Reserve | 1,226.88 | 851.22 | 2017 | 42.8028°N 24.2692°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-025 BG_BALK | Tsarichina Reserve | 1,485.81 | 1,945.99 | 2017 | 42.7756°N 24.405°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-026 BG_BALK | Kozya stena Reserve | 644,43 | 289.82 | 2017 | 42.7964°N 24.5172°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-027 BG_BALK | Steneto Reserve | 2,466.10 | 1,762.01 | 2017 | 42.7453°N 24.7072°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-028 BG_BALK | 591.20 | 1,480.04 | 2017 | 42.7031°N 24.8189°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-029 BG_BALK | Dzhendema Reserve | 1,774.12 | 2,576.63 | 2017 | 42.6956°N 24.9731°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-030 BG_BALK | Severen Dzhendem Reserve | 926.37 | 1,066.47 | 2017 | 42.7456°N 24.9347°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-031 BG_BALK | Peeshti skali Reserve | 1,049.10 | 968.14 | 2017 | 42.765°N 25.0747°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-032 BG_BALK | Sokolna Reserve | 824.90 | 780.55 | 2017 | 42.6978°N 25.1383°W | |||
| Illyric Beech Forest Region | ||||||||
| 1133quinquies-033 HR_HAJD | 1,289.11 | 9,869.25 | 2017 | 44.7664°N 15.0108°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-034 HR_PAKL-01 | Paklenica National Park (formerly PNP - Suva draga-Klimenta and PNP - Oglavinovac-Javornik) | 2,036.81 | 824.86 | 2017 2023* | 44.3406°N 15.5003°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-055 SI_KROK | Krokar | 74.50 | 47.90 | 2017 | 45.5419°N 14.7689°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-056 SI_SNEZ | Snežnik-Ždrocle | 720.24 | 128.80 | 2017 | 45.5847°N 14.4553°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-072 BH-JANJ-01 | 295.04 | 380.74 | 2021 | 44.1467°N 17.2811°W | ||||
| Central Mediterranean Beech Forest Region | ||||||||
| 1133quinquies-035 IT_ABRU | Cervara Valley (Valle Cervara) | 119.70 | 751.61 | 2017 | 41.8322°N 13.7286°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-036 IT_ABRU | Selva Moricento | 192.70 | 2017 | 41.8469°N 13.7056°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-037 IT_ABRU | Coppo del Morto | 104.71 | 415.51 | 2017 | 41.8603°N 13.8467°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-038 IT_ABRU | Coppo del Principe | 194.49 | 446.62 | 2017 | 41.7875°N 13.7442°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-039 IT_ABRU | Fondillo Valley (Val Fondillo) | 325.03 | 700.95 | 2017 | 41.7542°N 13.8858°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-081 IT-POLL-01 | Cozzo Ferriero | 95.75 | 2,851.83 | 2017 2021* | 39.9053°N 16.1011°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-082 IT-POLL-02 | Pollinello | 477.94 | 2021 | 39.8953°N 16.1983°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-083 IT-VALL-01 | Infernale Valley (Valle Infernale) | 320.79 | 2,191.36 | 2021 | 38.1319°N 15.9614°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-079 IT-FUMB-01 | Falascone | Umbra Forest (Foresta Umbra) | 254.30 | 3,486.29 | 2017 2021* | 41.8058°N 15.9781°W | ||
| 1133quinquies-080 IT-FUMB-02 | Pavari-Sfilzi | 667.13 | 2021 | 41.8389°N 16.0236°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-040 IT_CIMI | Monte Cimino | 57.54 | 87.96 | 2017 | 42.4086°N 12.2031°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-041 IT_RASC | Monte Raschio | 73.73 | 54.75 | 2017 | 42.1736°N 12.1611°W | |||
| 1133quinquies-042 IT_SASS | Sasso Fratino | 781.43 | 6,936.64 | 2017 | 43.8444°N 11.8031°W | |||
| Pyrenaic-Iberian Beech Forest Region | ||||||||
| 1133quinquies-057 ES_AYLL | Tejera Negra | Beech forests of Ayllón (Hayedos de Ayllón) | 255.52 | 13,880.86 | 2017 | 41.2453°N -3.3886°W | ||
| 1133quinquies-058 ES_AYLL | 71.79 | 2017 | 41.1122°N -3.4994°W | |||||
| 1133quinquies-059 ES_NAVA | Lizardoia | Beech forests of Navarra (Hayedos de Navarra) | 63.97 | 24,494.52 | 2017 | 43.0064°N -1.1128°W | ||
| 1133quinquies-060 ES_NAVA | Aztaparreta | 171.06 | 2017 | 42.9108°N -0.8161°W | ||||
| 1133quinquies-061 ES_PICO | Cuesta Fría | Beech forests of Picos de Europa (Hayedos de Picos de Europa) | 213.65 | 14,253.00 | 2017 | 43.1725°N -4.9878°W | ||
| 1133quinquies-062 ES_PICO | Canal de Asotin | 109.58 | 2017 | 43.1711°N -4.8892°W | ||||
| France | 1133quinquies-078 FR-MASS-01 | Massane | 239.50 | 1,432.30 | 2021 | 42.4828°N 3.0292°W | ||
Udava (Bukovské Vrchy, Slovakia) was created by modifying the boundary of Stužica before. Falascone (Italy) in turn was named previously Umbra Forest (Foresta Umbra).
This is a transnational serial nature UNESCO World Heritage Site, encompassing 94 component parts (forests) in 18 European countries. The total area of component parts is 98125.15ha, including buffer zones 392846.02ha. The largest total area of component parts is in Ukraine and Romania – 54% total (41% including buffer zones).
Component parts of this property overlap more or less with various protected areas like national parks, nature reserves, Natura 2000 network.
Abbreviations:
C – count of component parts in a given cluster
N – overlapping with Natura 2000 areas
| Country | Component cluster | C | Protected area | N | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Strict nature reserve of Gashi River | Kukës | |||
| Rrajca | 1 | Elbasan | |||
| 1 | Wilderness Area Dürrenstein | Yes | Lower Austria | ||
| Kalkalpen | 4 | Yes | Upper Austria | ||
| Sonian Forest (Forêt de Soignes) | 5 | 3 strict forest reserves within Sonian Forest Protected Landscape – “Joseph Zwaenepoel”, Grippensdelle and Ticton | Yes | Flanders, Brussels Capital Region, Wallonia | |
| 1 | Prašuma Janj strict nature reserve | Bosanska Krajina | |||
| 9 | Yes | Lovech, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora, Gabrovo (central Balkan Mountains) | |||
| 1 | Yes | Lika-Senj | |||
| Paklenica National Park | 2 | Paklenica National Park | Yes | Lika-Senj, Zadar (Dinaric region, or Dinaric Alps) | |
| 1 | Jizerskohorské bučiny National Nature Reserve | Yes | Liberec | ||
| Chapitre | 1 | Chapitre-Petit-Buëch biological strict reserve | Yes | Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur | |
| Grand Ventron | 1 | Massif du Grand Ventron National Nature Reserve | Yes | Grand Est | |
| Massane | 1 | Massane National Nature Reserve | Yes | Occitanie | |
| Grumsin | 1 | Yes | Brandenburg | ||
| 1 | Yes | Thuringia | |||
| 1 | Yes | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | |||
| 1 | Yes | Hesse | |||
| 1 | Yes | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | |||
| Abruzzo, Lazio & Molise | 5 | Yes | Abruzzo | ||
| Umbra Forest (Foresta Umbra) | 2 | Strict reserves within Gargano National Park – Sfilzi, Falascone and Foresta Umbra | Yes | Apulia | |
| Monte Cimino | 1 | Regional Natural Monument and municipal strict reserve | Yes | Lazio | |
| Monte Raschio | 1 | Regional Natural Park Bracciano-Martignano | Yes | Lazio | |
| 2 | Cozzo Ferriero and Pollinello strict reserves within Pollino National Park | Yes | Calabria, Basilicata | ||
| Sasso Fratino | 1 | Yes | Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany | ||
| Infernale Valley (Valle Infernale) | 1 | Yes | South Calabria | ||
| 1 | Mavrovo and Rostuša and Gostivar | ||||
| 4 | Yes | Podkarpackie Voivodeship | |||
| Cheile Nerei-Beușnița | 1 | Yes | Caraș-Severin | ||
| Sinca secular forest (Codrul secular Șinca) | 1 | Strictly protected through the forest management plan | Yes | Brașov | |
| Slătioara secular forest (Codrul secular Slătioara) | 1 | Part of Codrul Secular Slătioara forest reserve, Secular Meadows Todirescu floristic reserve | Yes | Suceava | |
| Cozia | 2 | Yes | Vâlcea | ||
| Domogled – Valea Cernei | 3 | Yes | Mehedinți, Caraș-Severin, Gorj | ||
| 2 | Strictly protected through the forest management plan | Yes | Maramureș | ||
| Izvoarele Nerei | 1 | Yes | Caraș-Severin | ||
| 1 | Strictly protected through the forest management plan | Yes | Maramureș | ||
| 4 | Yes | Prešov | |||
| 1 | Yes | Prešov | |||
| Krokar | 1 | Forest reserve Virgin forest Krokar | Yes | Kočevje | |
| Snežnik–Ždrocle | 1 | Snežnik–Ždrocle forest reserve | Yes | Inner Carniola | |
| Beech forests of Ayllón (Hayedos de Ayllón) | 2 | Tejera Negra: Sierra Norte de Guadalajara Natural Park, Montejo: Sierra del Rincón Biosphere Reserve | Yes | Castilla-La Mancha | |
| Beech forests of Navarra (Hayedos de Navarra) | 2 | Integral (strict) reserves of Lizardoia and Aztaparreta | Yes | Navarre | |
| Beech forests of Picos de Europa (Hayedos de Picos de Europa) | 2 | Picos de Europa National Park, Biosphere Reserve | Yes | Castile and León | |
| Bettlachstock Forest (Forêt de la Bettlachstock) | 1 | Canton of Solothurn | |||
| 1 | Lodano Valley forest reserve, Busai and Soladino Valleys forest reserve | Canton of Ticino | |||
| 1 | Zakarpattia | ||||
| Kuziy – Trybushany | 1 | Carpathian Biosphere Reserve | Zakarpattia | ||
| 1 | Carpathian Biosphere Reserve | Zakarpattia | |||
| Stuzhytsia – Uzhok | 1 | Uzh National Nature Park | Zakarpattia | ||
| 1 | Carpathian Biosphere Reserve | Zakarpattia | |||
| Uholka – Shyrokyi Luh | 1 | Carpathian Biosphere Reserve | Zakarpattia | ||
| 4 | Zakarpattia | ||||
| Zacharovanyi Krai | 2 | Zacharovanyi Krai National Nature Park | Zakarpattia | ||
| 1 | Ivano-Frankivsk | ||||
| Roztochchya | 1 | Roztochchia Nature Reserve, Roztochchia Biosphere Reserve | Lviv | ||
| Satanіvska Dacha | 1 | Khmelnytskyi |
This forest is placed on the World Heritage Tentative list as a proposal for the expansion of the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe site:
Montenegro[4]
Serbia[5]