| Preston | |
| Symbol Location: | gb |
| Symbol: | rail |
| Borough: | Preston, City of Preston |
| Country: | England |
| Coordinates: | 53.756°N -2.7072°W |
| Grid Name: | Grid reference |
| Manager: | Avanti West Coast |
| Platforms: | 9 (7 in public use) |
| Code: | PRE |
| Classification: | DfT category B |
| Years: | 31 October 1838 |
| Events: | Opened |
| Years2: | 2 September 1850 |
| Events2: | East Lancashire platforms added |
| Years3: | July 1880 |
| Events3: | Rebuilt |
| Years4: | 1903 |
| Events4: | New platforms added to west side |
| Years5: | 1913 |
| Events5: | New platforms added to east side |
| Years7: | 1972 |
| Events7: | East Lancashire platforms closed |
| Footnotes: | Passenger statistics from the Office of Rail and Road |
| Map Type: | United Kingdom Preston central#Lancashire |
Preston railway station, in Preston, Lancashire, England, is an interchange railway station on the West Coast Main Line, half-way between London Euston and Glasgow Central (from London Euston,[1] 194miles from Glasgow Central). It is served by Avanti West Coast, Northern Trains and TransPennine Express services, plus Caledonian Sleeper overnight services between London and Scotland. It is also served by the Calder Valley line to and, and by branch lines to Blackpool North, Ormskirk (for Merseyrail services to Liverpool Central) and Colne.
The North Union Railway opened a station on the site in 1838. It was extended in 1850, with new platforms under the separate management of the East Lancashire Railway, and by 1863 London - Scotland trains stopped here to allow passengers to eat in the station dining room. The current station was built in 1880 and extended in 1903 and 1913, when it had 15 platforms. A free buffet for servicemen was provided during both World Wars. The East Lancashire platforms were demolished in the 1970s as connecting lines closed.
As well as intercity trains to London Euston, Birmingham New Street, Manchester Piccadilly, Glasgow Central and Edinburgh Waverley, the station is served by local trains to other parts of Lancashire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Merseyside and Yorkshire.
The main entrance to the station is at the bottom of the station approach, a ramp off the bridge that carries Fishergate over the railway. The ticket office is located within the small concourse, which provides direct access, down the ramp, to the intercity platforms 3 and 4. There are footbridges on either side of this ramp to all other platforms. The eastern footbridge ends at an alternative entrance to the station on Butler Street, giving closer access to Preston city centre and the station car park. There are two subways, one of which provides step-free access to all but one platforms in use at the station; the second, adjacent to the passenger subway, was formerly a freight subway and only had access by staff operated freight lifts; these were converted to passenger operated lifts in the 1990s, giving full step-free access to all platforms for wheelchairs, trolleys and pushchairs. There is another entrance serving the station car park at the south end of platform 7.
The island forming platforms 3 and 4 is a very wide island platform with a long series of buildings. Inside these buildings are services and amenities such as a newsagent and several food outlets, including a licensed restaurant. There are also toilets and a large waiting room. A small travel centre on platform 3, near the ramp, is operated by Avanti West Coast staff to give information for passengers on the platform. In addition to these main amenities, there is a small coffee shop outlet on platform 4, as well as an additional shop on platforms 1 and 2.
Passenger information systems were updated during 2007 and now use dot matrix display screens. Preston retained a manual Tannoy system until 30 January 2017, a rarity amongst the larger stations in the UK. An automated announcement system was introduced. In 2009, the station was identified as one of the ten worst category B interchange stations for mystery shopper assessment of fabric and environment, and was set to receive a share of £50 million funding for improvements prior to a public spending review initiated in 2010.[2] [3]
There are currently six through and two bay platforms in use at Preston, with two more available for emergency use. All lines are electrified, allowing any train to use any platform.
Northbound:
Southbound:
In coaching days, Preston was an important centre for both passenger and postal traffic. This importance continued into the railway age, both as a major junction and as a stopping point about halfway between London and Glasgow.[5]
The first rail lines in Preston were those of the Lancaster Canal Tramroad, a horse-drawn line connecting two parts of the Lancaster Canal. It opened in 1805, but never carried passengers and never converted to steam. It ceased operating in Preston in 1862.[6]
The first steam-hauled passenger railway in Preston was the North Union Railway (NUR). On 31 October 1838, it opened its line from Wigan to a station on the site of the present-day Preston Station.[7] This immediately linked the town to London, Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester.
Each subsequent line was built by a different company. Rivalry often prevented any cooperation over shared facilities, and so almost every railway line into Preston used its own station. It was not until 1900 that all lines in Preston shared a single station, by which time all the companies had been taken over by one or both of just two companies.
The second passenger railway into Preston was the Preston and Longridge Railway, which opened as another horse-drawn tramway on 1 May 1840, to a terminus in .[8] It converted to steam in 1848, but did not run its trains into the North Union station until 1885.[9]
The Lancaster and Preston Junction Railway (L&PJR) was the third line, which opened on 25 June 1840,[10] initially using the North Union station. However, relations between the NUR and L&PJR soured, and, from 1 January 1842, most L&PJR trains used, instead, Maxwell House railway station, a short distance to the north of the North Union station. A few trains passed through, but the NUR charged a toll of 6d per passenger. Most passengers refused to pay, preferring to alight at Maxwell House and walk the 200yd to the North Union station, but the NUR refused to hold the train to allow passengers to walk and rebook. The NUR advised northbound passengers to travel by the Lancaster Canal rather than the L&PJR.[6] On 1 January 1844, Maxwell House station came into the possession of the NUR, and lack of agreement led to several weeks when hapless L&PJR passengers had to alight on the trackside at nearby Dock Street (off Pitt Street). Lancaster trains were able to use the North Union station from 12 February.[11]
Preston's fourth railway was the Preston and Wyre Joint Railway to Fleetwood, opening, just a few weeks after the L&PJR, on 16 July 1840, to its own terminus at in Leighton Street.[10] After 12 February 1844, regular Preston and Wyre trains used the North Union station, along with the L&PJR, although Maudlands Station continued to be used for excursions for some decades.[11]
The fifth company to run trains into Preston was the Bolton and Preston Railway (BPR), from 22 June 1843. Its line joined the North Union's at Euxton, NaNmiles south of Preston, but the company used Maxwell House railway station instead of the North Union's. However, the NUR charged 1s per passenger to BPR trains over its tracks, and eventually the BPR resorted to ferrying its passengers by road between Euxton and Preston. The BPR was driven into submission and was taken over by the NUR from 1 January 1844.[6]
The sixth line into Preston was that of the Preston and Blackburn Railway, which opened on 1 June 1846, joining the North Union line immediately south of Farrington Station (respelt "Farington" from October 1857). The railway company was absorbed into the East Lancashire Railway (ELR) on 3 August 1846.[12] Once again, the NUR charged high tolls for the use of its line which led the ELR to build its own line into Preston. The line was initially opposed by Preston Corporation, but was eventually permitted on condition that the embankment north of the Ribble (which later became the dividing line between Avenham and Miller Parks) be ornamentally laid out, and that a pedestrian path (still in use today) be provided on the river bridge. The line ran into new platforms built on the east side of the North Union station, which were managed and staffed by the ELR, and which had their own booking hall and entrance in Butler Street. The new platforms were effectively a separate station.[13] [14] The new line and station opened on 2 September 1850.[15]
The seventh line in Preston was the North Union's own Victoria Quay Branch to Victoria Quay on the River Ribble (later extended to Preston Docks in 1882 and which now connects to the heritage Ribble Steam Railway).[16] The single-track goods line opened in October 1846 from a south-facing junction immediately south of Preston Station, through a tight curve into a tunnel with a gradient of 1 in 29, emerging north of Fishergate Hill near the riverside.[17]
The eighth line to Preston was the Liverpool, Ormskirk and Preston Railway, owned by the ELR and connected to its Blackburn line into Preston. It opened on 2 April 1849.[15] From 1891, its trains used a new curve at Farington to enter Preston via the North Union line.[14]
The ninth and final line into Preston was the West Lancashire Railway (WLR) from Southport. The railway arrived in Preston on 16 September 1882, by which time all the town's other lines were owned by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) or the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR), or jointly by both. The independent WLR built its own Fishergate Hill station. It also built a connecting line to the former ELR (then LYR) line, via which the majority of Southport-to-Preston trains continued to . The railway was not a success, and on 1 July 1897 it was taken over by the LYR. This resulted in the diversion of all passenger services to use the East Lancashire platforms of Preston Station from 16 July 1900.[18]
The network of lines south of Preston allowed great flexibility in the routing of trains. A train approaching the town on any of the lines from the south (except the WLR from Southport) could be routed to enter the station via either the North Union or the East Lancashire line. It was even possible for trains from the north to perform an effective U-turn, a feat sometimes carried out by trains between Scotland and Blackpool that would otherwise have had to reverse.
When the station was first opened in 1838 by the North Union Railway, the line north of the station passed through a tunnel under the west end of Fishergate (then Preston's major thoroughfare). It was on a slope so steep that sometimes station staff had to push trains out of the station.By 1846, the station was already very busy, handling trains from Wigan and the south, Bolton, Fleetwood, Blackpool, Lancaster and the north, and Blackburn. There were no footbridges; passengers had to cross the lines escorted by station staff.[19] North of the station was a network of goods lines around the end of the Lancaster Canal. The coal yards and sidings here continued to operate long after the canal had fallen into commercial disuse.
The station's first expansion came in 1850 when the new East Lancashire line used new platforms staffed and managed by the East Lancashire Railway, with their own entrance and booking office in Butler Street.[13] From 1863, trains between London and Scotland, having no dining cars, were scheduled to allow 20 minutes at Preston for passengers to eat in the station's dining room.[20] The pressure on catering staff was increased when northbound and southbound trains would often arrive about the same time.[21] The condition of the station deteriorated to the extent that on 18 August 1866 part of the roof on the East Lancashire side collapsed injuring three people, one seriously. By then, 150 trains a day passed through the station.
Eventually the station was rebuilt, at a cost of a quarter of a million pounds, reopening in July 1880, and with seven through platforms and four bay platforms. At this time, both the Ribble bridge and the line as far as Euxton, were widened from two tracks to four.[22] [23] A striking feature of the new station was its long and wide central island platform, 1225feet long and 110feet wide. It was larger than any of the London terminal station platforms, the longest being Kings Cross at 990feet. Along the centre of the platform were refreshment rooms, offices, and waiting rooms. A booking hall at the north end of the station was accessed from the middle of a new bridge carrying Fishergate over the railway. A broad ramp led down to the main island platform, with footbridges to smaller platforms on either side. Further south, the platforms were also linked by a passenger subway and a separate subway for luggage, accessed via hoists.[24] At the south end of the main platform, a footbridge led to the nearby Park Hotel, a joint LYR/LNWR property, opened in 1883.[25] [26]
On 30 January 1877, a heavy storm blew the roof completely away from the station,[27] but a more serious accident occurred on 13 July 1896 when a to Glasgow train passed through the station at an estimated 45abbr=onNaNabbr=on, despite a 10mph speed limit. It was derailed on a tight curve at the north end of the station, killing one person.[22] [28] As a result of this, the tracks were realigned. Charles Street, to the west of the station, was demolished, as were more houses northwest of the station. Fishergate bridge was extended on its west side. This allowed more tracks and platforms to be built on the west side of the station, with gentler curves. The Ribble bridge was widened again, from four to six tracks. These enlargements were completed by 1903.[22] [29] The east side of the station was also extended in 1913.[30]
By 1926, the lines and platforms were used as follows, from west to east:
Later, platforms 11, 12, 13 and 10 were renumbered into the more logical sequence 10, 11, 12, 13.
A number of lines around Preston have closed, including the Longridge line in 1930[32] [33] and the West Lancashire line in 1964.[34] The old island platforms one and two were closed in 1970 together with the goods lines to the west of the station, but it was then extended northwards to allow platform two to become a dedicated parcels platform. The line towards Liverpool was truncated and singled in summer 1970, with Preston services terminating at . This was followed by the closure of the East Lancashire line, between Preston and, via its original direct route, in April 1972. The East Lancashire platforms 10 to 13 were demolished, along with the Butler Street Goods Yard.[35] Their site is now covered by car parks for the station and the adjacent Fishergate Shopping Centre, which was built in the 1980s, partly over the north end of the former goods yard. The remaining platforms 3 to 9 were renumbered 1 to 7. A new Butler Street entrance to platforms was opened in 2017, designed by AHR, and on account of its inept design and confusing and awkward changes of level was short-listed for the annual Carbuncle Cup, awarded UK-wide for architectural bloopers.[36]
Some of the station's heritage can still be seen:
In 1970, approval was given to electrify the rest of the West Coast Main Line from Weaver Junction through Preston to Glasgow Central. Electric trains began serving Preston in 1973. This was accompanied by new signals on the line and a power signal box was constructed north of the station close by Fylde Junction. An electrification over run also took place at this junction to facilitate electrification to Blackpool at a later date- although in the event it would be over forty years before the Blackpool line was electrified.
A free buffet for servicemen was provided at the station during both World Wars. The Preston Station Free Buffet Association served free hot drinks, biscuits and buns and sold sandwiches at cost price to anyone in uniform 24 hours a day for the duration of the First World War. Four hundred women working 12-hour shifts served over 3 million men between 1915 and 1919. 12 million cups of tea were served between 1939 and 1945.[37] It was funded by subscription and had its own marked crockery. The station was on a major north–south route for troops. There are three commemorative plaques related to the First World War buffet in the waiting room on platforms 3 and 4, the former site of WWI buffet. One of the drama segments of the televised Preston Passion of 2012 was set in the First World War servicemen's buffet. The Second World War buffet was located in the southern building further down platforms 5&6 (now platforms 3&4).
One of the catenary stanchions on platform 4 is notably better kept than others, and carries a small plaque detailing the visit of Queen Elizabeth II on 7 May 1974, after the completion of electrification of tracks north of the point where it stands. This was significant because it marked the completion of the total electrification of the West Coast Main Line.
Liverpool City Region Combined Authority, Long Term Rail Strategy document of October 2017, page 37, states a review in 2020 to introduce new Merseyrail battery trains will be undertaken, in view to put Preston onto the Merseyrail network by extending the Merseyrail Northern Line from Ormskirk to Preston. The aim is to have Preston one of the terminals of the Northern Line. The document states, "The potential use of battery powered Merseyrail units may improve the business case".[38]
See main article: High Speed 2 and High Speed 2 Phase Two. Preston will be a part of the "classic compatible" sections of the High-Speed 2 network.[39] This will see journey times from London reduced by 50 minutes to 1 hour and 18 minutes. Travel times from Birmingham will be reduced by 46 minutes to 50 minutes.[40]
In order to accommodate HS2's 400m (1,300feet) long trains, platforms 3c and 4c will be filled to allow for platforms 3 and 4 to be extended. Services that currently use platforms 3c and 4c will be diverted to the parcel platform on the western side of the station, which will be reopened to passenger traffic and renamed to Platform 0.[41] [42]
The following HS2 services are planned to call at Preston:[43]
| London to the North West and Scotland | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Route | Calling at | Trainlength | ||
| London Euston – | 1 | Old Oak Common, Crewe,,, PrestonWill run combined with the Liverpool train (see above) between London and Crewe if phase 2a is open. | 200 m | |
| London Euston – | 1 | Old Oak Common, Preston, | 200 m | |
| London to the North West and Scotland | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Route | Calling at | Trainlength | |||
| London Euston – Liverpool Lime Street and | 1 | Old Oak Common, Crewe...The two portions will divide/attach at Crewe. | 2 ×200 m | ||
| Liverpool portion: | Lancaster portion:,, Preston, Runcorn | ||||
| London Euston – and | 2 | Old Oak Common, Birmingham Interchange, Preston, ...The two portions will divide/attach at Carlisle. | 2 ×200 m | ||
| Edinburgh portion: | Glasgow portion: | ||||
| Birmingham to the North West and Scotland | |||||
| Route | Calling at | Trainlength | |||
| – | 2 | 200 m | |||
| Birmingham Curzon Street – / | 1 | , Preston,,,[44], ... will continue to/from Edinburgh Waverley, calling at . will continue to/from Glasgow Central, calling at and . | 200 m | ||
The autobiographical song "Cheap Day Return", on the Jethro Tull album Aqualung (1971), is set on the Preston platform, a transfer stop on the return leg of a trip from London to Blackpool.[85]