Presiding Officer (Guantanamo military commissions) explained

The United States of America has charged Guantanamo captives before "military commissions", each presided over by a presiding officer.

The presiding officers were initially to serve as the first among equals on bodies where the commission members served the roles similar to both judge and jury.

In the first version of the military commissions the presiding officer was to be the only member of the commission who was a lawyer. Thus, the presiding officer would be making all the ruling similar to the rulings on points of law that a judge makes in courts of law. However, the presiding officer would also be voting on the suspect's guilt or innocence—unlike in a jury trial.

The commission system was extensively reformed in the summer of 2004. Several of the original commission members of the first commission were retired, because of their inherent bias. The structure of the commissions was changed, so that the presiding officer would no long vote on the suspect's guilt. In the summer of 2005 leaked memos were published that revealed that prior to the reorganization the first chief prosecutor, Fred Borch, promised his subordinates that only officers who could be counted on to convict suspects would be chosen as commission members, and that prosecutors would not have to worry about exculpatory evidence—as it would all be classified so it could be withheld from the suspect's attorneys on national security grounds.^[1] ^[2] ^[3]

Peter Brownback—the first presiding officer—was unexpectedly replaced in the summer of 2008.^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] ^[8] ^[9] ^[10] ^[11] Critics speculated that he had been fired because he kept trying to force Omar Khadr's prosecution to release evidence to Khadr's defense attorneys.

Notes and References

News: Leaked emails claim Guantanamo trials rigged. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Leigh Sales. Leigh Sales. 2005-08-01. 2008-08-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20050802000745/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200508/s1426797.htm. 2005-08-02. dead.
News: Leaked emails claim Guantanamo trials rigged. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Leigh Sales. Leigh Sales. 2005-08-03. 2008-08-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20050804001749/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200508/s1428749.htm. 2005-08-04. dead.
News: Chief Guantanamo Prosecutor Departs. National Public Radio. 2004-04-22. 2008-08-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20070312041126/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1846734. 2007-03-12. live.
News: Guantanamo judge dismissed in Canadian's case. Reuters. Jane Sutton. Jane Sutton. May 29, 2008. 2008-05-29. 2013-04-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20130412000022/http://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCANASU5290220080530?sp=true. live.
News: Guantanamo judge dismissed in Canadian's case. Reuters. May 29, 2008. 2008-05-29. https://archive.today/20130104131043/http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnNASU52902.html. January 4, 2013. dead.
News: Gitmo judge removed from Canadian's case. Miami Herald. Michael Melia. Michael Melia. May 29, 2008. 2008-05-29.
News: Khadr judge at Guantanamo Bay relieved of duties. Globe and Mail. Omar El Akkad. Omar El Akkad. May 29, 2008. 2008-05-29.
News: Pentagon fires Khadr judge: Col. Peter Brownback replaced after chastising prosecution. National Post. Steven Edwards. Steven Edwards (journalist). May 29, 2008. 2008-05-29. 2008-05-31. https://archive.today/20080531074550/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/world/story.html?id=549763. live.
News: Gitmo judge removed from Canadian's case. Kansas City Star. Michael Melia. Michael Melia. May 29, 2008. 2008-05-29.
News: Khadr judge fired, says his military lawyer. CBC News. May 29, 2008. 2008-05-29. 2014-08-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20140826012236/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/khadr-judge-fired-says-his-military-lawyer-1.769231. live.
News: U.S. military dumps judge in Khadr terrorism case in surprise move. Canadian Press. May 29, 2008. 2008-05-29.