| Post: | President |
| Body: | the Federal Republic of Somalia |
| Insignia: | Seal of the President of the Federal Republic of Somalia.svg |
| Insigniacaption: | Presidential Seal |
| Flag: | Flag of Somalia.svg |
| Flagborder: | yes |
| Flagcaption: | Flag of Somalia |
| Incumbent: | Hassan Sheikh Mohamud |
| Acting: | no |
| Incumbentsince: | 23 May 2022[1] |
| Style: | Mr President His Excellency |
| Abbreviation: | POTFROS, POS |
| Member Of: | National security council National Economic Council |
| Residence: | Villa Somalia |
| Seat: | Mogadishu |
| Appointer: | Federal Parliament of Somalia |
| Termlength: | Four years |
| Constituting Instrument: | Constitution of Somalia |
| Formation: | 1 July 1960 |
| First: | Aden Abdullah Osman Daar |
| Salary: | $250,000 annually (2023)[2] |
The president of Somalia (Somali: Madaxaweynaha Soomaaliya) is the head of state of Somalia. The president is also commander-in-chief of the Somali Armed Forces. The president represents the Federal Republic of Somalia, and the unity of the Somali nation, as well as ensuring the implementation of the Constitution of Somalia and the organised and harmonious functioning of the organs of state.[3] Currently, the president of Somalia is indirectly elected, chosen by the Federal Parliament of Somalia.
The office of the President of Somalia was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Somalia on 1 July 1960. The first president of Somalia was Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, and the 10th office of presidency is currently held by Hassan Sheikh Mohamud.
The first president of Somalia was Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, one of the leaders of the Somali Youth League (SYL), who took office on 1 July 1960, the day on which Somalia was declared a republic. Since then the office has been held by eight further people: Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Mohamed Siad Barre, Ali Mahdi, Abdiqasim Salad, Abdullahi Yusuf, Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Mohamed Abdullahi Farmaajo, and Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. In addition, Sheikh Mukhtar acted as president between Shemarke's assassination and the coup d'état, and Aden Madoobe acted as president after Yusuf's resignation in 2008.
Sharif Sheikh Ahmed took office on 31 January 2009, after being elected by the presidential election held in January 2009. Ahmed's term as President of Somalia officially ended In August 2012, concurrent with the conclusion of the transitional federal government's mandate and the start of the federal government of Somalia. He was succeeded in office by General Muse Hassan, who had been serving in an interim capacity.[4]
President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud took office on 16 September 2012, after being elected by the presidential election held on 10 September 2012.[5]
In order to become the president of Somalia, the candidate must:[3]
(a) Be a Somali citizen and a Muslim;
(b) Be not less than forty years of age;
(c) Have relevant knowledge or experience for the role;
(d) Be sound of mind; and
(e) Not have been convicted by a court of a major crime.
The election of the president must begin at least 30 days before the term of office of the incumbent president expires or 10 days after the presidency falls vacant and must be completed within 30 days of the beginning of the election. Candidates must be declared to the bureau of the parliament within the first 10 days of this period, and elections must be completed within the remaining 20 days.
Formerly, the president was elected by the members of the Somali Parliament, requirements, and who are eligible to become members of Parliament.
The president is selected for a term of office of four years. As of 2021, there are no term limits for the president in the Constitution of Somalia.[6] The term of office of the incumbent president continues until the president-elect takes office. On assuming office, the president takes the following oath before the parliament;
An outline of the duties are as follows:[3]
See main article: List of presidents of Somalia.
See main article: 2022 Somali presidential election.