President of Artsakh explained
The president of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետության նախագահ, Russian: Президент Нагорно-Карабахской Республики) was the head of state and head of government of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.
In a constitutional referendum held in 2017, citizens of the republic voted in favor of adopting a presidential system of governance.
Arayik Harutyunyan was elected president in the 2020 Artsakhian general election.[1] [2] He resigned on 1 September 2023. On 9 September 2023, Samvel Shahramanyan was elected president by Artsakh's parliament to replace Harutyunyan.[3]
Following an Azerbaijani offensive on 19 September 2023, Artsakh agreed to dissolve itself by 1 January 2024.[4]
Constitutional powers
The constitution granted significant power to the president who controls the executive branch, represented the state abroad and appointed the ministers. The president was also the commander-in-chief of the Artsakh Defence Army and had the right to appoint and dismiss the supreme command of the armed forces and other troops.
Article 93 of the former constitution outlined functions of the president:
- Shall administer the domestic and foreign policies of the State;
- Shall exercise general management of the bodies of the state administration system;
- Shall define the structure and rules of operation of the Government and other state bodies ;
- Shall appoint and dismiss the state minister and ministers;
- Shall administer state property and finances;
- Shall make appointments to the state positions, in cases prescribed by law;
- May form advisory bodies;
- Shall represent the Republic of Artsakh in international relations, sign international treaties, present international agreements to the National Assembly for ratification and sign their ratification forms, approve, suspend or revoke the international agreements not requiring ratification;
- Shall appoint and recall the diplomatic representatives of the Republic of Artsakh to foreign countries and international organizations; receive the credentials and letters of recall of diplomatic representatives of foreign states and international organizations;
- May issue decree on not holding elections and referendum during martial law;
- May dissolve the National Assembly except for one-year period following the opening of the first parliamentary session, in times of war and emergency as well as when he/she, during martial law, has issued a decree on not holding elections;
- Shall apply to the President of the National Assembly with a proposal to convene a special session or sitting of the National Assembly;
- Shall submit the Draft State Budget to the National Assembly;
- Shall have the right to legislative initiative;
- Shall apply to the National Assembly with a recommendation of amnesty;
- May deliver an address to the people and the National Assembly;
- Shall submit to the National Assembly an annual communication on the implementation progress and results of his/her Program of previous year and on the Program of following year;
- Shall propose to the National Assembly a candidate for the Prosecutor General; at the recommendation of the Prosecutor General, shall appoint and dismiss the Deputy Prosecutor Generals;
- Shall appoint one member-lawyer of the Supreme Judicial Council;
- In the event of a natural disaster or other emergency situations, shall take measures appropriate to the situation and address the people on that matter; if necessary, shall declare state of emergency;
- Shall decorate with orders and medals of the Republic of Artsakh and confere the highest military and honorary titles, the highest diplomatic and other class ranks;
- Shall decide on the issue of granting pardon to convicts under the procedure prescribed by law;
- Shall, in the cases and under the procedure prescribed by law, decide on issues in respect of granting and terminating citizenship of the Republic of Artsakh;
- Shall adopt normative and individual legal acts: such as decrees and executive orders.[5]
Election
Requirements
The Constitution of Artsakh required that the president should be at least 35-years-old, being a citizen of only of the Republic of Artsakh for the preceding ten years and having resided permanently only in Artsakh at least preceding ten years.[6]
Term limits
The president was elected for a five-year term and could be reelected only once.[7]
List of heads of state (1992–2024)
Presidents (1994–2024)
Latest election
See main article: 2023 Artsakhian presidential election.
See also
Notes and References
- Web site: Arayik Harutyunyan sworn in as Artsakh’s fourth President. 21 May 2020. Public Radio of Armenia. en-US. 21 May 2020. 29 May 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200529051502/https://en.armradio.am/2020/05/21/arayik-harutyunyan-sworn-in-as-artsakhs-fourth-president/. live.
- Web site: Arayik Harutyunyan assumes post of President of the Republic of Artsakh – aysor.am – Hot news from Armenia. LLC. Helix Consulting. www.aysor.am. en. 21 May 2020. 30 May 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200530160208/https://www.aysor.am/en/news/2020/05/21/arayik-harutynyan/1698941. live.
- Web site: Սամվել Շահրամանյանն ընտրվեց Արցախի նախագահ. Panorama.am. hy. 9 September 2023. 23 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230923062357/https://www.panorama.am/am/news/2023/09/09/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC-%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6-%D4%B1%D5%80/2892516. live.
- Web site: MSN . msn.com . 2023-09-28 . 2023-09-28.
- Web site: National Assembly of the Republic of Artsakh Official Web Site nankr.am. www.nankr.am. 6 January 2019. 5 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171105060256/http://www.nankr.am/en/1838. live.
- Constitution of the Republic of Artsakh, article 48, paragraph 2
- Constitution of the Republic of Artsakh, article 88
