| Prehnite | |
| Category: | Silicate mineral |
| Formula: | Ca2Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Imasymbol: | Prh[1] |
| Strunz: | 9.DP.20 (Inosilicate transitional to phyllosilicate) |
| Dana: | 72.1.3.1 (Phyllosilicate) |
| Class: | Pyramidal (mm2) (same H-M symbol) |
| Symmetry: | P2cm |
| Color: | Colorless to gray to yellow, yellow-green or white |
| Habit: | Globular, reniform to stalactitic |
| Twinning: | Fine lamellar |
| Cleavage: | Distinct on [001] |
| Tenacity: | Brittle |
| Mohs: | 6–6.5 |
| Luster: | Vitreous to pearly |
| Streak: | White |
| Diaphaneity: | Semi-transparent to translucent |
| Gravity: | 2.8–2.95 |
| Opticalprop: | Biaxial (+) |
| Refractive: | nα = 1.611 – 1.632 nβ = 1.615 – 1.642 nγ = 1.632 – 1.665 |
| Birefringence: | δ = 0.021 – 0.033 |
| Dispersion: | weak r > v |
| Fluorescence: | Fluorescent, short UV=blue white mild peach, long UV=yellow |
| References: | [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] |
Prehnite is an inosilicate of calcium and aluminium with the formula: Ca2Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 with limited Fe3+ substitutes for aluminium in the structure.[7] Prehnite crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system,[7] and most often forms as stalactitic, botryoidal, reniform or globular aggregates,[8] with only just the crests of small crystals showing any faces, which are almost always curved or composite. Very rarely will it form distinct, well-individualized crystals showing a square-like cross-section, including those found at the Jeffrey Mine in Asbestos, Quebec, Canada. Prehnite is brittle with an uneven fracture and a vitreous to pearly luster. Its hardness is 6.5, its specific gravity is 2.80–2.95 and its color varies from light green to yellow, but also colorless,[8] blue, pink or white. In April 2000, rare orange prehnite was discovered in the Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. Prehnite is mostly translucent, and rarely transparent.
Though not a zeolite, prehnite is found associated with minerals such as datolite, calcite, apophyllite, epidote, stilbite, laumontite, and heulandite in veins and cavities of basaltic rocks, sometimes in granites, syenites, or gneisses. It is an indicator mineral of the prehnite-pumpellyite metamorphic facies.
It was first described in 1788 for an occurrence in the Karoo dolerites of Cradock, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.[4] It was named for Colonel Hendrik Von Prehn (1733–1785), commander of the military forces of the Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope from 1768 to 1780.[4]
It is used as a gemstone.[9]
Extensive deposits of gem-quality prehnite occur in the basalt tableland surrounding Wave Hill Station in the central Northern Territory, of Australia.[10]