Pre-election pendulum for the 2016 Australian federal election explained

See also: National opinion polling for the 2016 Australian federal election.

See main article: 2016 Australian federal election. This is a Mackerras pendulum for the 2016 Australian federal election.

History

The Mackerras pendulum was devised by the Australian psephologist Malcolm Mackerras as a way of predicting the outcome of an election contested between two major parties in a Westminster style lower house legislature such as the Australian House of Representatives, which is composed of single-member electorates and which uses a preferential voting system such as a Condorcet method or IRV.

The pendulum works by lining up all of the seats held in Parliament for the government, the opposition and the crossbench according to the percentage point margin they are held by on a two-party or two-candidate basis. This is also known as the swing required for the seat to change hands. Given a uniform swing to the opposition or government parties, the number of seats that change hands can be predicted.

Classification of seats as marginal, fairly safe or safe is applied by the independent Australian Electoral Commission using the following definition: "Where a winning party receives less than 56% of the vote, the seat is classified as 'marginal', 56–60% is classified as 'fairly safe' and more than 60% is considered 'safe'."[1]

Pre-election pendulum

Based on the 2013 post-election pendulum for the Australian federal election, this pendulum has been updated to include new notional margin estimates due to redistributions in New South Wales, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. The net effect of the redistributions reduced the Liberal/National Coalition from 90 to a notional 88 seats and increased Labor from 55 to a notional 57 seats.[2] [3]

Whilst every federal election after 1961 has been won by those that also won the majority of federal seats in New South Wales, unusually nearly half of all marginal government seats are in New South Wales at this election of which nearly half are all in Western Sydney and the other half all in rural and regional areas, and with no more than a few seats each in every other state.

Assuming a theoretical uniform swing, for the Labor opposition to get to 76 seats and majority government would require Labor with 50.5 percent of the two-party vote from a 4.0-point two-party swing or greater, while for the incumbent Coalition to lose majority government would require the Coalition with 50.2 percent of the two-party vote from a 3.3-point two-party swing or greater.[4]

Government seats
Marginal
Petrie (Qld)Luke HowarthLNP50.5
Capricornia (Qld)Michelle LandryLNP50.8
O’Connor (WA)Rick WilsonLIB50.9 v NWA
Lyons (Tas)Eric HutchinsonLIB51.2
Solomon (NT)Natasha GriggsCLP51.4
Hindmarsh (SA)Matt WilliamsLIB51.9
Braddon (Tas)Brett WhiteleyLIB52.6
Banks (NSW)David ColemanLIB52.8
Eden-Monaro (NSW)Peter HendyLIB52.9
Lindsay (NSW)Fiona ScottLIB53.0
Page (NSW)Kevin HoganNAT53.1
Robertson (NSW)Lucy WicksLIB53.1
Deakin (Vic)Michael SukkarLIB53.2
Macarthur (NSW)Russell MathesonLIB53.3
^^^ Government loses majority on a uniform swing ^^^
Reid (NSW)Craig LaundyLIB53.3
Bonner (Qld)Ross VastaLNP53.7
Gilmore (NSW)Ann SudmalisLIB53.8
Corangamite (Vic)Sarah HendersonLIB53.9
Durack (WA)Melissa PriceLIB53.9 v NWA
La Trobe (Vic)Jason WoodLIB54.0
Bass (Tas)Andrew NikolicLIB54.0
^^^ Opposition wins majority on a uniform swing ^^^
Brisbane (Qld)Teresa GambaroLNP54.3
Forde (Qld)Bert van ManenLNP54.4
Cowan (WA)Luke SimpkinsLIB54.5
Macquarie (NSW)Louise MarkusLIB54.5
Dunkley (Vic)Bruce BillsonLIB55.6
Leichhardt (Qld)Warren EntschLNP55.7
Fairly safe
Hasluck (WA)Ken WyattLIB56.0
Burt (WA)new seatLIB56.1
Herbert (Qld)Ewen JonesLNP56.2
Flynn (Qld)Ken O'DowdLNP56.5
Dickson (Qld)Peter DuttonLNP56.7
Longman (Qld)Wyatt RoyLNP56.9
Boothby (SA)Andrew SouthcottLIB57.1
Casey (Vic)Tony SmithLIB57.2
Swan (WA)Steve IronsLIB57.3
Dawson (Qld)George ChristensenLNP57.6
Bennelong (NSW)John AlexanderLIB57.8
Aston (Vic)Alan TudgeLIB58.2
Ryan (Qld)Jane PrenticeLNP58.5
Bowman (Qld)Andrew LamingLNP58.9
Hinkler (Qld)Keith PittLNP59.0
Stirling (WA)Michael KeenanLIB59.0
Pearce (WA)Christian PorterLIB59.3
Fisher (Qld)Mal BroughLNP59.8
Higgins (Vic)Kelly O'DwyerLIB59.9
Safe
Sturt (SA)Christopher PyneLIB60.1
Wannon (Vic)Dan TehanLIB60.1
Goldstein (Vic)Andrew RobbLIB61.0
Kooyong (Vic)Josh FrydenbergLIB61.1
Canning (WA)Andrew HastieLIB61.3
Flinders (Vic)Greg HuntLIB61.8
Hughes (NSW)Craig KellyLIB61.8
McMillan (Vic)Russell BroadbentLIB61.8
Wright (Qld)Scott BuchholzLNP61.8
Moore (WA)Ian GoodenoughLIB62.4
Mayo (SA)Jamie BriggsLIB62.5
McPherson (Qld)Karen AndrewsLNP63.0
Tangney (WA)Dennis JensenLIB63.0
Cowper (NSW)Luke HartsuykerNAT63.2
Wide Bay (Qld)Warren TrussLNP63.2
Grey (SA)Rowan RamseyLIB63.5
Hume (NSW)Angus TaylorLIB63.6
Lyne (NSW)David GillespieNAT63.6
Forrest (WA)Nola MarinoLIB63.8
Fadden (Qld)Stuart RobertLNP64.4
Menzies (Vic)Kevin AndrewsLIB64.4
Calare (NSW)John CobbNAT65.0
Warringah (NSW)Tony AbbottLIB65.3
Cook (NSW)Scott MorrisonLIB65.7
North Sydney (NSW)Trent ZimmermanLIB65.7
Gippsland (Vic)Darren ChesterNAT65.8
Barker (SA)Tony PasinLIB66.5
Groom (Qld)Ian MacfarlaneLNP66.5
Moncrieff (Qld)Steven CioboLNP68.0
Curtin (WA)Julie BishopLIB68.2
Mackellar (NSW)Bronwyn BishopLIB68.8
Wentworth (NSW)Malcolm TurnbullLIB68.9
Berowra (NSW)Philip RuddockLIB69.0
Riverina (NSW)Michael McCormackNAT69.0
New England (NSW)Barnaby JoyceNAT69.5
Parkes (NSW)Mark CoultonNAT69.9
Bradfield (NSW)Paul FletcherLIB70.9
Murray (Vic)Sharman StoneLIB70.9
Mitchell (NSW)Alex HawkeLIB71.4
Farrer (NSW)Sussan LeyLIB71.7
Maranoa (Qld)Bruce ScottLNP72.3
Mallee (Vic)Andrew BroadNAT73.7
Non-government seats
Marginal
Dobell (NSW)ALP50.2
McEwen (Vic)Rob MitchellALP50.2
Paterson (NSW)ALP50.3
Lingiari (NT)Warren SnowdonALP50.9
Bendigo (Vic)Lisa ChestersALP51.3
Lilley (Qld)Wayne SwanALP51.3
Parramatta (NSW)Julie OwensALP51.3
Chisholm (Vic)Anna BurkeALP51.6
Moreton (Qld)Graham PerrettALP51.6
Richmond (NSW)Justine ElliotALP51.6
Bruce (Vic)Alan GriffinALP51.8
Perth (WA)Alannah MacTiernanALP52.2
Kingsford Smith (NSW)Matt ThistlethwaiteALP52.7
Greenway (NSW)Michelle RowlandALP53.0
Griffith (Qld)Terri ButlerALP53.0
Jagajaga (Vic)Jenny MacklinALP53.1
Wakefield (SA)Nick ChampionALP53.4
Melbourne Ports (Vic)Michael DanbyALP53.6
Brand (WA)Gary GrayALP53.7
Oxley (Qld)Bernie RipollALP53.8
Adelaide (SA)Kate EllisALP53.9
Isaacs (Vic)Mark DreyfusALP53.9
Barton (NSW)ALP54.4
McMahon (NSW)Chris BowenALP54.6
Rankin (Qld)Jim ChalmersALP54.8
Ballarat (Vic)Catherine KingALP54.9
Franklin (Tas)Julie CollinsALP55.1
Makin (SA)Tony ZappiaALP55.1
Blair (Qld)Shayne NeumannALP55.3
Fremantle (WA)Melissa ParkeALP55.4
ALP55.7
Fairly safe
Werriwa (NSW)Laurie FergusonALP56.5
Whitlam (NSW)Stephen JonesALP56.9
Hotham (Vic)Clare O'NeilALP57.3
Shortland (NSW)Jill HallALP57.4
Canberra (ACT)Gai BrodtmannALP57.5
Corio (Vic)Richard MarlesALP 57.7
Watson (NSW)Tony BurkeALP58.9
Holt (Vic)Anthony ByrneALP59.1
Newcastle (NSW)Sharon ClaydonALP59.4
Kingston (SA)Amanda RishworthALP59.7
Safe
Batman (Vic)David FeeneyALP60.6 v GRN
Chifley (NSW)Ed HusicALP60.9
Blaxland (NSW)Jason ClareALP61.2
Cunningham (NSW)Sharon BirdALP61.3
Maribyrnong (Vic)Bill ShortenALP61.4
Lalor (Vic)Joanne RyanALP62.2
Fenner (ACT)Andrew LeighALP62.5
Fowler (NSW)Chris HayesALP62.9
Sydney (NSW)Tanya PlibersekALP62.9
Calwell (Vic)Maria VamvakinouALP63.9
Port Adelaide (SA)Mark ButlerALP64.0
Scullin (Vic)Andrew GilesALP64.3
Wills (Vic)Kelvin ThomsonALP65.2 v GRN
Gorton (Vic)Brendan O’ConnorALP66.1
Gellibrand (Vic)Tim WattsALP66.5
Grayndler (NSW)Anthony AlbaneseALP68.8
Crossbench seats
Fairfax (Qld)Clive PalmerPUP50.0 v LNP
Indi (Vic)Cathy McGowanIND50.3 v LIB
Kennedy (Qld)Bob KatterKAP52.2 v LNP
Melbourne (Vic)Adam BandtGRN55.3 v ALP
Denison (Tas)Andrew WilkieIND65.5 v ALP

Notes

Though the seats of Dobell, Paterson and Barton were Liberal wins at the previous election, redistributions changed them in to notionally marginal Labor seats.[2]

Pat Conroy is the current MP for the Division of Charlton which is being renamed to the Division of Hunter at the next election.

Notes and References

  1. http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HouseDivisionClassifications-17496-NAT.htm "Division Classifications – House of Representatives - Seat Summary"
  2. http://blogs.abc.net.au/antonygreen/2016/03/2016-federal-election-pendulum-update.html 2016 Federal Election Pendulum (Update)
  3. Web site: 2016 election pendulum. Green. Antony. Antony Green. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  4. "Mackerras pendulum for the Australian federal election, 2016" article based on 2016 election pendulum: Antony Green ABC – O'Connor and Durack not included for Labor majority calculation but are included for Coalition loss of majority calculation. Fairfax in QLD is considered a Coalition seat for Coalition loss of majority calculation.