| Praga Grand | |
| Manufacturer: | Praga |
| Assembly: | Libeň, Prague, Czechoslovakia |
| Designer: | František Kec |
| Layout: | FR layout |
| Production: | 1912–1935 |
| Transmission: | 4-speed manual |
| Successor: | Praga Golden |
The Praga Grand was a luxury automobile manufactured by Praga in Libeň, Prague. Production of the first Grand, equipped with a four-cylinder engine, started in the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1912 and continued after the dissolution of Austro-Hungary in the First Czechoslovak Republic. It was used by the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I as a staff car. The Praga Grand 8 introduced in 1927 had an eight-cylinder engine and was the official state car for the Czechoslovak president Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. The car also achieved limited success in road racing.
The Grand was the second car produced by Praga, and was designed by chief designer František Kec to be a more luxurious complement to the Mignon.[1] The design was typical of its period, with a separate rectangular frame chassis to which different bodies could be fitted.[2] The engine had four cylinders, displaced 3824abbr=onNaNabbr=on, produced 33.1abbr=onNaNabbr=on and was equipped with an electric starter.[3] This engine was also used in the first tractors produced by Praga.[4] The chassis had a wheelbase of 3.3abbr=onNaNabbr=on and weighed 1130abbr=onNaNabbr=on, and the total weight of the car with a typical six seat enclosed body was 2150kg (4,740lb).[2]
In September 1927, the design was upgraded. A new engine was fitted which had eight cylinders to give a smoother and calmer ride alongside more power, with 40.5kW available. Features included a dashboard-mounted speedometer with trip meter, clock and fuel gauge, electric indicators and hydraulic brakes. It could reach speeds of 100abbr=onNaNabbr=on and return fuel economies of between 16and, substantially more efficient than the previous four-cylinder model. The models ranged in weight from 1780and.[5]
Further development of the vehicle design took place during the ensuing years. An even larger engine was introduced in 1929 with bore increased from 70to, displacement increased to 3580cc and power to 44kW. The new model was known as the 17/60 HP.[6] It was soon superseded by an even larger engine, the 4429cc with eight cylinders each of 80mm bore and 110mm stroke producing 66kW. At the same time, the company introduced the first seven seater body.[7]
1935 saw the ultimate development of the vehicle for luxury use. The standard vehicle by that time had a chassis with a 3.6m (11.8feet) wheelbase and was powered by a 66kW engine.[8] Praga mounted on this a luxurious new bodywork measuring 5.7m (18.7feet) in length.[9] A mere handful of these were produced.[10]
The car proved itself early on, when three prototypes entered in an alpine race in 1912 achieved the top three places. After this, orders from the Austro-Hungarian Army were assured, and the car served as a staff car and ambulance in the force throughout World War I.[11] 335 were produced before the end of the war and, at the end of the conflict, manufacturing resumed in 1919.[12] Nearly four hundred more were sold between 1919 and 1926.[13] They saw some success in post-war Alpine races.[14]
With the creation of Czechoslovakia after the war, the Grand was the vehicle of choice for the new president, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk.[15] The Grand was popular with the rich, and it had a price tag to match. According to the 1925 price list, a basic vehicle cost 89,000 CSK, with an open-top phaeton priced at 115,000 CSK and the limousine 135,000 CSK.[13]
With the introduction of the eight-cylinder engine in 1927, the car gained even more prestige and was termed the Rolls-Royce of Czechoslovakia.[16] The car was particularly well received after its 1931 update, with motoring journalist Denik Národní calling it the favoured vehicle of the Czechoslovak elite ("Czech: oblíbeným vozeme vybrané československe společností").[7] The last example to be used as a presidential carriage was a 1935 limousine presented to Masaryk by his successor Edvard Beneš.[10]
A total of 1,196 vehicles were produced, of which 897 had four-cylinder engines, with 299, the later model, with an eight-cylinder engine.[16] The car was also produced in small numbers under license by Magyar Wagon in Hungary as the Rába Grand, both before and after World War I.[17] The chassis was also used as the basis for fire engines and ambulances for civil and military service.[18]