Pracalit script explained

Prachalit Nepal
Native Name:	^[1]
Sample:	Shukla Prachalit Nepal.svg
Caption:	The word 'Prachalit Nepal' in Prachalit Nepal script
Time:	Unknown — 1769
Fam3:	Aramaic script (?)
Fam6:	Siddham^[2]
Iso15924:	Newa
Unicode:	U+11400 - U+1147F
Note:	none

Prachalit, also known as Newa, Newar, Newari, or Nepāla lipi is a type of abugida script developed from the Nepalese scripts, which are a part of the family of Brahmic scripts descended from Brahmi script. It is used to write Nepal Bhasa, Sanskrit and Pali. Various publications are still published in this script including the Sikkim Herald the bulletin of the Sikkim government (Newari edition).

Consonants

	Plosive																Nasal								Sonorant								Sibilant
	Voiceless								Voiced
	Plain				Aspirated				Modal				Breathy				Modal				Breathy				Modal				Breathy
Velar	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		क	kə	pronounced as /kə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ख	khə	pronounced as /kʰə/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ग	gə	pronounced as /ɡə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		घ	ghə	pronounced as /ɡʱə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ङ	ŋə	pronounced as /ŋə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ङ्ह	ŋhə	pronounced as /ŋʱə/
Palatal	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		च	cə	pronounced as /tɕə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		छ	chə	pronounced as /tɕʰə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ज	jə	pronounced as /dʑə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		झ	jhə	pronounced as /dʑʱə/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ञ	ñə	pronounced as /ɲə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ञ्ह	ñhə	pronounced as /ɲʱə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		य	yə	pronounced as /jə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ह्य	yhə	pronounced as /jʱə/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		श	sə	pronounced as /sə/
Retroflex	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ट	ṭə	pronounced as /ʈə/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ठ	ṭhə	pronounced as /ʈʰə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ड	ḍə	pronounced as /ɖə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ढ	ḍhə	pronounced as /ɖʱə/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ण	ṇə	pronounced as /ɳə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ण्ह	ṇhə	pronounced as /ɳʱə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		र	rə	pronounced as /ɾə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ह्र	rhə	pronounced as /ɾʱə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ष	sə	pronounced as /sə/
Dental	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		त	tə	pronounced as /tə/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		थ	thə	pronounced as /tʰə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		द	də	pronounced as /də/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ध	dhə	pronounced as /dʱə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		न	nə	pronounced as /nə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		न्ह	nhə	pronounced as /nʱə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ल	lə	pronounced as /lə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ल्ह	lhə	pronounced as /lʱə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		स	sə	pronounced as /sə/
Labial	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		प	pə	pronounced as /pə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		फ	phə	pronounced as /pʰə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ब	bə	pronounced as /bə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		भ	bhə	pronounced as /bʱə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		म	mə	pronounced as /mə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		म्ह	mhə	pronounced as /mʱə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		व	wə	pronounced as /wɔ/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		व्ह	whə	pronounced as /wʱɔ/

Guttural	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ह	hə	pronounced as /hə/

Vowels

Short												Long
Independent				‎+ k+				+ g+				Independent				‎+ k+				+ g+
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		अ	ə	pronounced as /ə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		क	kə	pronounced as /kə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ग	gə	pronounced as /ɡə/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		अः	əə	pronounced as /əː/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कः	kəə	pronounced as /kəː/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गः	gəə	pronounced as /ɡəː/
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		आ	a	pronounced as /a/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		का	ka	pronounced as /ka/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गा	ga	pronounced as /ɡa/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		आः	aa	pronounced as /aː/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		काः	kaa	pronounced as /kaː/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गाः	gaa	pronounced as /ɡaː/
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		इ	i	pronounced as /i/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कि	ki	pronounced as /ki/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गि	gi	pronounced as /ɡi/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ई	ii	pronounced as /iː/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		की	kii	pronounced as /kiː/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गी	gii	pronounced as /ɡiː/
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		उ	u	pronounced as /u/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कु	ku	pronounced as /ku/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गु	gu	pronounced as /ɡu/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ऊ	uu	pronounced as /uː/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कू	kuu	pronounced as /kuː/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गू	guu	pronounced as /ɡuː/
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ऋ	ri	pronounced as /ɾi/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कृ	kri	pronounced as /kɾi/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गृ	gri	pronounced as /ɡɾi/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ॠ	?	?	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कॄ	?	?	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गॄ	?	?
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ऌ	?	?	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कॢ	?	?	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गॢ	?	?	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ॡ	?	?	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कॣ	?	?	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गॣ	?	?
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ए	e	pronounced as /e/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		के	ke	pronounced as /ke/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गे	ge	pronounced as /ɡe/	?	?	ee	pronounced as /eː/	?	?	kee	pronounced as /keː/	?	?	gee	pronounced as /ɡeː/
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ओ	o	pronounced as /o/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		को	ko	pronounced as /ko/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गो	go	pronounced as /ɡo/	?	?	oo	pronounced as /oː/	?	?	koo	pronounced as /koː/	?	?	goo	pronounced as /ɡoː/

Other vowels												Other diacritics
Independent				+ k+				+ g+				+ ə+				+ kə+				+ gə+
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ऐ	əi	pronounced as /əi/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कै	kəi	pronounced as /kəi/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गै	gəi	pronounced as /ɡəi/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		अं	ə̃	pronounced as /ə̃/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कं	kə̃	pronounced as /kə̃/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गं	gə̃	pronounced as /ɡə̃/
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		औ	əu	pronounced as /əu/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कौ	kəu	pronounced as /kəu/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गौ	gəu	pronounced as /ɡəu/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		अँ	ə̃	pronounced as /ə̃/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कँ	kə̃	pronounced as /kə̃/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गँ	gə̃	pronounced as /ɡə̃/
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		अय्‌	əe	pronounced as /ɛː/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		कय्‌	kəe	pronounced as /kɛː/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गय्‌	gəe	pronounced as /ɡɛː/
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		आय्‌	ae	pronounced as /æː/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		काय्‌	kae	pronounced as /kæː/	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गाय्‌	gae	pronounced as /ɡæː/
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		एय्‌	?	?	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		केय्‌	?	?	bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		गेय्‌	?	?
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		्	-	pronounced as /Ø/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		क्	k	pronounced as /k/	bgcolor="#CCCCCC" style="font-size:24px"		ग्	g	pronounced as /ɡ/

Numerals

०	१	२	३	४	५	६	७	८	९
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9

Unicode

See main article: Newa (Unicode block). Prachalit Nepal script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2016 with the release of version 9.0.

The Unicode block for Prachalit Nepal, called Newa, is U+11400 - U+1147F:

See also

• Nepalese scripts

Further reading

• Book: Alphabet of the Nepalese Scriptbook. Rabison Shakya. Patan, Nepal. 2002. 99933-34-36-7. Covers Prachalit, Ranjana and Bhujimol, development, current use, information about and drawings of character formation.
• Web site: Problems with Unicode for Languages Unsupported by Computers. Pat. Hall. 2012-09-21. 2016-06-24. 16 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160816152014/https://www.localisation.ie/sites/default/files/resources/conference%20presentations/2012/Pat%20Hall%20LRC%202012.pdf. dead.

External links

• ScriptSource page on Prachalit Nepal script
• Fonts for Prachalit, Ranjana and Brahmi scripts
• Noto Sans Newa (GitHub) – a Noto font for Newa

Notes and References

1. Web site: N4038: Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Prachalit Nepal Script in ISO/IEC 10646. Anshuman. Pandey. 2011-05-03. 2016-06-24.
2. Book: Masica . Colin . The Indo-Aryan languages . 1993 . 143.