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Archbishop Próspero María Alarcón y Sánchez de la Barquera (1827–1908) was a Mexican prelate of the Catholic Church.[1] As bishop of Mexico City, he was a leader of the Mexican Church and was inspired by Pope Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum.[1] He viewed the entrance of the Knights of Columbus into Mexico as evidence of the revival of lay Catholicism in Mexico.[1] Alarcon was a native of Mexico.