Poverty in Colombia explained

Poverty statistics

In 2017, the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) reported that 26.9% of the population were living below the poverty line, of which 7.4% in "extreme poverty". The multidimensional poverty rate stands at 17.0% of the population.[1]

Unemployment

The average national unemployment rate in 2017 was 9.4%,[2] although the informality is the biggest problem facing the labour market (the income of formal workers climbed 24.8% in 5 years while labor incomes of informal workers rose only 9%).[3]

Inequality

According to the World Bank, Colombia's Gini coefficient (a measurement of inequality in wealth distribution) was 0.587 in 2000 and 0.535 in 2013, ranking alongside Chile, Panama, Brazil and Honduras as the most unequal Latin American countries in terms of wealth distribution.[4]

Related issues

Literacy

In 2015, a total of 94.58% of the population aged 15 and older were recorded as literate, including 98.53% of those aged 15–24.[5]

Malnutrition

In 2010, 3.4% of the children under 5 years old in Colombia suffer from global malnutrition (deficiency of weight for age) and up to 13% suffer from chronic malnutrition (deficiency of height for age). The situation is worse for the indigenous peoples of Colombia, who in the same indicators recorded rates of 7.5% and 29.5% respectively.[6]

Social strata in Colombia

Colombia's social strata have been divided as follows and have been extensively used by the government as a reference to develop social welfare programs, statistical information and to some degree for the assignment of lands.

Stratum 1 The system is the classification of the residential properties that should receive public services.The system does not consider the income per person.
Stratum 2
Stratum 3
Stratum 4
Stratum 5
Stratum 6

The system is the classification of the residential properties that should receive public services.[7] Although the system does not consider the income per person and the rules say that the residential real estate should stratify and not households.[8] All mayors should do the stratification of residential properties of their municipality or district.[7]

In 1994, this stratification policy was made into law in order to grant subsidies to the poorest residents. The system is organized so that the people living in upper layers (strata 5 and 6) pay more for services like electricity, water and sewage than the groups in the lower strata.[9] Critics of the system say that it impedes social mobility through stigmatization, while its proponents argue that it allows the poor to locate to areas where they will be able to access subsidized services.[9] There are many studies that have shown that the socio-economic stratum is a bad instrument to allocate subsidies.[10] [11] [12] In particular, these studies show that there is a high percentage of households of strata 1 and 2 which have a level of consumption similar to the households of strata 5 and 6 (18% of households in stratum 1, 36% of households in 2 and 66% of households in stratum 3 are located in quintiles 4 and 5 of the distribution of consumption. 98% of households in stratum 6 is in these quintiles).[13]

Although nowadays there are more reliable sources to determine capacity to pay.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: socio-economic policies. dane.gov.co. 4 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181115142022/http://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/condiciones_vida/pobreza/bol_pobreza_17.pdf. 15 November 2018. dead.
  2. Web site: Colombia Unemployment Rate. dane.gov.co. 31 January 2018.
  3. Web site: Incomes of informal workers grow less. portafolio.co. es. 19 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131221054526/http://www.portafolio.co/economia/ingresos-trabajadores-informales-colombia. 21 December 2013. dead.
  4. Web site: Gini Index . World Bank . 12 May 2012.
  5. Web site: UNESCO Institute for Statistics Colombia Profile . 27 November 2016 . 5 May 2017.
  6. Web site: ENSIN – Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional en Colombia. 29 December 2015. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20160327184108/http://www.icbf.gov.co/portal/page/portal/PortalICBF/Bienestar/ENSIN1/ENSIN2010/Resumenfi.pdf. 27 March 2016.
  7. CONGRESO DE COLOMBIA. Ley 142 de 1994 (julio 11), artículo 102.
  8. Web site: Preguntas_frecuentes_estratificación. dane.gov.co.
  9. Web site: Colombia - social stratification by law | ifhp.org . 2013-08-20 . 2013-09-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130917023914/http://www.ifhp.org/ifhp-blog/colombia-social-stratification-law . dead .
  10. Web site: Estratificación socioeconómica como instrumento de focalización. LUCÍA MINA ROSER.
  11. Web site: Demanda por Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios en Colombia y Subsidios: Implicaciones sobre el Bienestar. Carlos Medina, Leonardo Fabio Morales.
  12. Book: La Estratificación Socioeconómica para el Cobro de los Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios en Colombia: ¿Solidaridad o Focalización?. UN. ECLAC. Office in Bogotá. 15 December 2006. 9789213229682.
  13. Web site: Estratos socioeconómicos: Sobre sus usos, abusos y eliminación. . lasillavacia.com. 18 December 2013.
  14. Web site: Identificar la incidencia de la estratificación socioeconómica urbana sobre la segregación de los hogares bogotanos.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sede Bogotá – Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
  15. Web site: Estratos están mandados a recoger, dice estudio de esta universidad. civico.com.