pronounced as /notice/
In articulatory phonetics, trilled affricates, also known as post-trilled consonants, are consonants which begin as a stop and have a trill release. These consonants are reported to exist in some Northern Paman languages in Australia,[1] as well as in some Chapacuran languages such Wariʼ language and Austronesian languages such as Fijian and Malagasy.
| Sound (voiceless) | IPA | Languages | Sound (voiced) | IPA | Languages | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless trilled bilabial affricate | pronounced as /[pʙ̥]/ | Attested in Namuyi. | Voiced trilled bilabial affricate | pronounced as /[bʙ]/ | Kele and Avava. Only reported in an allophone of [mb] before [o] or [u], Namuyi | |
| Voiceless trilled alveolar affricate | pronounced as /[tr̥]/ | Ngkoth | Voiced trilled alveolar affricate | pronounced as /[dr]/ | Nias, Fijian and Avava also have this sound after [n]. | |
| Voiceless epiglottal affricate | pronounced as /[ʡʜ]/ | Not attested in any natural language. | Voiced epiglottal affricate | pronounced as /[ʡʢ]/ | Hydaburg Haida. Possibly voiceless or a stop instead. Cognate to Southern Haida pronounced as /[ɢ]/, Masset Haida pronounced as /[ʕ]/.[2] |
In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being postalveolar.[3] In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, pronounced as /[ʈɽ̝̊ ɳʈɽ̝̊ ɖɽ̝ ɳɖɽ̝]/, be simple stops, pronounced as /[ʈ ɳʈ ɖ ɳɖ]/, or standard affricates, pronounced as /[ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ]/.
Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same place of articulation. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop, pronounced as /[t̪͡ʙ̥]/ (occasionally written pronounced as /[tᵖ]/) is reported from Pirahã and from a few words in the Chapacuran languages Wariʼ and Oro Win. In the Chapacuran languages, pronounced as /[tʙ̥]/ is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as pronounced as /[o]/ and pronounced as /[y]/.
Hydaburg Haida pronounced as /[ʡʢ]/ is cognate to Southern Haida pronounced as /[ɢ]/, Masset Haida pronounced as /[ʕ]/.[4]
pronounced as /navigation/