Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Arizona explained

In direct response to election changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 United States presidential election in Arizona, and "Sharpiegate"; the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign launched numerous lawsuits contesting the election processes of Arizona. All of these were either dismissed or dropped.

Summary of lawsuits

Arizona post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election !First filing date!Case!Court!Docket no(s).!Outcome!Comments!References
Aguilera v. FontesArizona Superior Court, Maricopa CountyCV2020-014083DroppedOriginal "Sharpie lawsuit".Voluntarily dismissed.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Aguilera v. FontesArizona Superior Court, Maricopa CountyCV2020-014562DismissedSecond suit brought by Aguilera, alleging her vote was not counted and asking for opportunity to cast a new ballot.Dismissed with prejudice.[6]
Donald J. Trump for President v. HobbsArizona Superior Court, Maricopa CountyCV2020-014248DroppedRepackaged "Sharpie lawsuit". Plaintiffs allege local poll workers induced voters to override alerts from the tabulation machine when a vote was flagged as unreadable, causing affected votes on those ballots to be disqualified.Voluntarily dismissed.[7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
Arizona Republican Party v. FontesArizona Superior Court, Maricopa CountyCV2020-014553DismissedSuit sought to force a hand count of votes separated by precinct instead of counting them by voting center.Dismissed with prejudice.[13] [14] [15] [16]
Ward v. JacksonArizona Superior Court, Maricopa CountyCV2020-015285DismissedDismissed. Dismissal upheld by Arizona Supreme Court. Petition to the Supreme Court of the United States for writ of certiorari was filed, and denied on Feb 22 2021.[17] [18]
Bowyer v. DuceyArizona United States District CourtUnited States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit2:20-cv-02321DismissedLawsuit seeking de-certification of Arizona results, litigated by Sidney Powell. The judge ruled that the plaintiffs lacked legal standing; their fraud allegations were vague and implausible, and their evidence was unreliable or irrelevant.Appealed to the Ninth circuit, appeal dismissed.[19] [20] [21]
Stevenson v. DuceyArizona Superior Court, Maricopa CountyCV2020-096490DroppedElection contest lawsuit.Voluntarily dismissed.[22] [23]

Aguilera v. Fontes

November 4 lawsuit

On November 4, 2020, a voter, Laurie Aguilera, filed a lawsuit (CV2020-014083) against Maricopa County seeking the opportunity for voters to fix their ballots where the ballots were marked using Sharpies.[3] Aguilera alleged that her vote was not counted at the ballot box because of Sharpie ink "bleeding" through ballot paper, and that poll workers cancelled her ballot and refused to allow her to cast a new one;[2] county officials denied the claims.[4] The claims were dubbed "Sharpiegate" on social media, which the county recorder Adrian Fontes said was "hoo-hah". Fontes said the ballots are designed to be processed even in the event of ink bleed-through. Pima County officials described the allegations as false, saying ballots can be tabulated when marked with felt-tip pens.[5] On November 7, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the suit.[3]

November 12 lawsuit

On November 12, 2020, Laurie Aguilera filed a second lawsuit (No. CV2020-014562) with another Arizona voter, Donovan Drobina; the lawsuit was filed in Arizona Superior Court against Maricopa County Recorder Adrian Fontes. The plaintiffs alleged that their votes were not counted by the electronic tabulation system, and that ballots were tabulated by election workers even though state law requires votes to be counted by machines when they are properly working. As a remedy, they asked to cast new ballots and have the human review process be opened to the public.[24] [6] Maricopa County Superior Court Judge Margaret Mahoney dismissed the lawsuit on November 20, ruling that the two ballots at issue would not affect the outcome of the election.

Arizona Republican Party v. Fontes

On November 12, 2020, the Arizona Republican Party filed a lawsuit against Maricopa County Reporter Adrian Fontes, seeking an audit of votes in the county.[13] [14] [15] On November 19, the lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice and the Republican Party's request for an injunction against Maricopa County denied.[25] In his ruling, Judge John Hannah invited the Secretary of State's Office to seek payment for attorney's fees from the Arizona Republican Party, citing a state law that allows for such awards when a party brings a claim "without substantial justification" or "solely or primarily for delay or harassment".[26]

Bowyer v. Ducey

On December 2, 2020, Arizona voters and one candidate for Republican Arizona presidential elector, filed a lawsuit in federal court against the governor, secretary of state, and other Arizona election officials. Plaintiffs alleged, according to the Stanford-MIT Healthy Elections Project, "that poll watchers failed to adequately verify signatures on ballots, that Maricopa County ballot dispute referees were partisan, that Dominion backups had no chain of custody, and the Dominion machines themselves suffered from errors during state evaluations." The plaintiffs asked the court to decertify Arizona's election results, or order that Arizona certify Trump electors.[27] [28] Sidney Powell litigated on behalf of the plaintiffs.[29]

On December 9, federal judge Diane Humetewa ruled that the plaintiffs lacked legal standing, and the allegations of impropriety brought were "sorely wanting of relevant or reliable evidence", instead being "largely based on anonymous witnesses, hearsay, and irrelevant analysis of unrelated elections". The judge singled out the fraud allegations being put forth, writing that they "fail in their particularity and plausibility". The judge ruled that there would be "extreme, and entirely unprecedented" harm to Arizona's 3+ million voters to entertain the lawsuit "at this late date".[19] [20]

An appeal was lodged, but was withdrawn, and the case dismissed on April 13, 2021.[30]

Burk v. Ducey

On December 7, 2020, an Arizona resident filed a lawsuit in Pinal County Superior Court against state officials, including Governor Doug Ducey and Secretary of State Katie Hobbs.[31] The plaintiff alleged a former Coolidge Mayor candidate claimed he worked for the government and participated in a scheme to take fake ballots into the Maricopa County Election Center from a South Korean plane. After questioning by FBI agents, Koch recanted and said he fabricated the entire story. [32] and asked for an audit and to block the transmission of the state's election results to the electoral college.[33] [34] Before Koch recanted his story, Judge Kevin White dismissed the lawsuit on December 15, concluding that the plaintiff had brought the suit too late and lacked standing as a qualified elector to bring an election challenge because she was not registered to vote. Burk's case was a near identical copy of the complaint filed in Bowyer v. Ducey by Sidney Powell, Trump lawyer who claimed publicly in December 2020 that planes stuffed full of ballots were brought in to Sky Harbor but did not include this detail in her court filings though Powell named Hartwig as a witness alleging in Bowyer v Ducey that Hartwig would testify about planes and ballots. Former House Election Chair Kelly Townsend was also disclosed as a witness in the Bowyer v Ducey case. Hartwig claimed he went to the airport took video of the plane after he spoke with Townsend at the Stop the Steal rally and later appeared on right side media amplifying claims of election fraud while working directly with Powell on election fraud. [35] Hartwig attended the rally at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021.[36] [37] Burk claimed she learned about the South Korean plane from a Trump campaign the day after Hartwig, and Congressmen Gosar's chief of staff tried to seize the plane from leaving Phoenix going to Seattle allegedly stuffed with fake ballots. Shortly after the election, Burk was contacted by a FedEx supervisor in Seattle who believed suspicious ballots were passing through her facility and was told that Burk knew legislators in Arizona that might help her reach the FBI when she could not get through. [38] [39] By August 2021, Burk publicly stated she no longer believed there was election fraud in the 2020 election and she had been manipulated by an associate of Senator Kelly Townsend and the Senator herself. Townsend was a leader in the Stop the Steal movement and Oathkeeper with militia ties who sponsored a bill to recall Trump electors. [40] [41] [42] In mid December 2020, Townsend tweeted a biblical reference that some interpreted as a threat against the Arizona Governor's life.[43]

Donald J. Trump for President v. Hobbs

Centered on a debunked conspiracy theory known as "Sharpiegate",[44] [45] the "Sharpie lawsuit"[7] from the Trump campaign against Arizona secretary of state Katie Hobbs alleged that legal ballots with stray markings or bleed-through from markers were being thrown out.[8] Stories surfaced on social media claiming that election workers were purposefully having voters mark their ballots with a Sharpie so their vote would not be counted. In response, Maricopa County announced that "Sharpies are not a problem for our tabulation equipment, and the offset columns on ballots ensure that bleed through won't impact your vote". On November 4, Arizona attorney general Mark Brnovich announced an investigation; the next day, he said "we are now confident that the use of Sharpie markers did not result in disenfranchisement".[46] [9] The rumor was also publicly debunked by the Department of Homeland Security.[47] [10]

The Trump campaign requested that their evidence be kept secret from the public, but the judge refused to allow the secrecy.[48] The Trump campaign also stated that they had video footage from within a polling area; however, such footage would be illegal if taken within of a polling area with voters present. The Trump campaign attempted to submit affidavits they collected, but admitted that some of these affidavits were "false" or "spam"; the judge refused to accept the affidavits as evidence, calling them unreliable.[49] Additionally, during questioning, none of the witnesses indicated that they had a basis to believe that their vote was improperly discarded, with the only impropriety raised being election workers pressing buttons for them.

During the hearing, the lawyer for the Trump campaign, Kory Langhofer, stated that the plaintiffs were "not alleging fraud" or "that anyone is stealing the election", but were disputing "good faith errors".[50]

On November 13, the lawsuit regarding presidential ballots was dropped, after it became evident that the number of votes potentially to be contested (191) would not overcome Biden's margin of victory in the state (11,414 at the time, with 10,315 uncounted).[12]

Stevenson v. Ducey

On December 4, 2020, members of Arizona Election Integrity Association (AEIA) filed an election contest lawsuit (CV2020-096490) in the Superior Court of Arizona in Maricopa County. The lawsuit challenged a total of 371,498 votes, alleging that the votes were illegally counted. The plaintiffs asked the Court to vacate the certification of Arizona's election results and issue an injunction to stop state election officials from certifying the election, so that the Arizona General Assembly can appoint electors.[22] On December 7, the plaintiffs filed a notice of voluntary dismissal.[23]

Ward v. Jackson

On November 30, 2020, an Arizona voter and state Republican Party Chair, Kelli Ward, filed a lawsuit[51] in the Superior Court of Arizona, Maricopa County. Ward challenged the signature verification process, claiming election workers were unfit to verify signatures. Ward also challenged the ballot duplication process, whereby bipartisan county workers transferred votes to new ballots when ballot tabulators could not read them, claiming that observers were not allowed to view the entire process.[52] [53] As a remedy, Ward asked the court to decertify the election results, where Biden won by 10,457 votes,[54] and instead award the elector votes to Trump.[55] Attorney Marc Elias represented the defendants, 11 Biden electors, and argued that the issues raised by Ward are "garden-variety errors." Judge Randall Warner dismissed the lawsuit on December 4.[56] [57]

After the Arizona Supreme Court rejected her appeal, concluding that Ward presented no evidence of misconduct, Ward appealed to the Supreme Court.[58]

On February 21, 2021, the Supreme Court declined to hear Ward's case.[59]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: CV2020-014083. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052147/https://www.clerkofcourt.maricopa.gov/records/election-2020/cv2020-014083. November 16, 2020. November 14, 2020.
  2. Web site: Baker. David. November 4, 2020. Woman sues Maricopa County over claims her ballot wasn't counted due to Sharpies. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201122043819/https://www.azfamily.com/news/politics/election_headquarters/woman-sues-maricopa-county-over-claims-her-ballot-wasnt-counted-due-to-sharpies/article_efd5fa4a-1f02-11eb-8158-db360d9d9d2c.html. November 22, 2020. November 17, 2020. AZFamily.
  3. Web site: Aguilera v. Fontes. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201122202543/https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=351. November 22, 2020. November 22, 2020. Stanford-MIT Healthy Elections Project.
  4. Web site: November 4, 2020. Arizona Public Interest Ballot Cure. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201122110658/https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/arizona-public-interest-ballot-cure/. November 22, 2020. November 22, 2020. Democracy Docket.
  5. Web site: Fischer. Howard. November 5, 2020.
    1. SharpieGate goes to court, Fontes calls it 'hoo hah'
    . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201120115126/https://azcapitoltimes.com/news/2020/11/05/sharpiegate-goes-to-court-fontes-calls-it-hoo-hah/. November 20, 2020. November 22, 2020. Arizona Capitol Times.
  6. Web site: Aguilera v. Fontes #2. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201209053854/https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=413. December 9, 2020. December 8, 2020. Stanford-MIT Healthy Elections Project.
  7. Web site: November 7, 2020. Arizona Trump Sharpie Lawsuit. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052226/https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/arizona-trump-sharpie-lawsuit/. November 16, 2020. November 10, 2020. Democracy Docket.
  8. Web site: Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Hobbs. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052321/https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/11/CV2020-014248-Complaint.pdf. November 16, 2020. November 10, 2020. Democracy Docket.
  9. Web site: Williams. Jordan. November 7, 2020. Republican lawsuit over Sharpie-marked ballots in Arizona to be dropped. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052328/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/524979-republican-lawsuit-over-sharpie-marked-ballots-in-arizona-will-be. November 16, 2020. November 10, 2020. The Hill.
  10. Web site: Parks. Miles. November 10, 2020. Trump Election Lawsuits Have Mostly Failed. Here's What They Tried. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052241/https://www.npr.org/2020/11/10/933112418/the-trump-campaign-has-had-almost-no-legal-success-this-month-heres-what-they-ve. November 16, 2020. November 11, 2020. NPR.
  11. Web site: Maricopa County. November 11, 2020. Court Docket - Maricopa County. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20201113064708/https://superiorcourt.maricopa.gov/civil/2020-general-election-cases/. November 13, 2020. November 11, 2020. maricopa.gov.
  12. Web site: Scannell. Kara. November 13, 2020. Trump campaign drops Arizona lawsuit requesting review of ballots. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052306/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/13/politics/arizona-trump-lawsuit/index.html. November 16, 2020. November 13, 2020. CNN.
  13. Web site: Polletta. Maria. November 12, 2020. Trump attorney tells Maricopa County judge that vote challenge is not about fraud or election theft. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052153/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/11/12/maricopa-county-judge-hear-trump-team-case-maricopa-county-votes/6260414002/. November 16, 2020. November 13, 2020. The Arizona Republic.
  14. Web site: CV2020-014553 Maricopa County Clerk of Superior Court. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052310/https://www.clerkofcourt.maricopa.gov/records/election-2020/cv2020-014553. November 16, 2020. November 13, 2020. www.clerkofcourt.maricopa.gov.
  15. Web site: Kovacs-Goodman. Jacob. Levine. Zahavah. November 17, 2020. Post-Election Litigation in Battleground States. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201118145037/https://healthyelections.org/sites/default/files/2020-11/Post-Election-Litigation-Update-111720.pdf. November 18, 2020. November 18, 2020. healthyelections.org.
  16. Web site: Hannah Jr.. John R.. November 18, 2020. Ruling: Motion to Dismiss granted. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201123144915/https://www.clerkofcourt.maricopa.gov/Home/ShowDocument?id=1800. November 23, 2020. November 27, 2020. Arizona Superior Court, Maricopa County, Arizona.
  17. Web site: December 11, 2020. On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the Arizona Supreme Court. Ward v. Jackson. democracydocket.com. December 21, 2020. December 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073757/https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/11/Petition-for-Writ-Ward-v.-Jackson-et-al.pdf. live.
  18. Web site: Wilenchik. John D.. Motion for Expedited Consideration of the Petition for Certiorari. Ward v. Jackson. 2020-12-21. 2020-12-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073757/https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/11/motion-to-expedite-Ward-v.-Jackson.pdf. live.
  19. News: Fischer. Howard. December 9, 2020. Federal judge tosses last lawsuit that remained against Arizona's election results. Arizona Daily Star. Capitol Media Services. December 10, 2020. December 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201210015925/https://tucson.com/news/local/federal-judge-tosses-last-lawsuit-that-remained-against-arizonas-election-results/article_e2e4ed09-f0f5-51db-992c-676483d116de.html. live.
  20. News: Billeaud. Jacques. December 10, 2020. Judge tosses suit seeking to decertify Biden win in Arizona. Associated Press. December 10, 2020. December 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201222013346/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-arizona-phoenix-lawsuits-b423468ac2233344275452679a59f165. live.
  21. Web site: December 10, 2020. Preliminary Injunction Appeal. Bower v. Ducey. democracydocket.com. 2020-12-21. 2020-12-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20201222013344/https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/12/2020-12-10-85-PRELIMINARY-INJUNCTION-APPEAL.pdf. live.
  22. Web site: Spilsbury. David. December 3, 2020. Case No. CV2020-096490: Petition for Election Contest. democracydocket.com. December 21, 2020. December 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073758/https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/12/PetitionforElectionContest.pdf. live.
  23. Web site: Case No. CV2020-096490: Petitioners' Notice of Voluntary Dismissal Under Rule 41 (a)(1)(A)(i) of the Arizona Rules of Civil Procedure. 2020-12-21. 2020-12-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073758/https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/12/PetitionersNoticeofVolunta.pdf. live.
  24. News: Castronuovo. Celine. November 21, 2020. Judge tosses last election lawsuit in Arizona. en. TheHill. live. November 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201121125516/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/526995-judge-tosses-last-election-lawsuit-in-arizona. November 21, 2020.
  25. News: Scannell. Kara. Polantz. Katelyn. Kelly. Caroline. November 19, 2020. Judges toss Republican lawsuits in Arizona, Pennsylvania and Georgia. CNN. live. November 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201120015827/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/19/politics/arizona-pennsylvania-georgia-lawsuits-trump-biden/index.html. November 20, 2020.
  26. Web site: Polletta. Maria. November 19, 2020. Judge throws out Arizona GOP lawsuit on Maricopa County vote audit, rejects request to delay canvass. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201128205952/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/11/19/maricopa-county-election-audit-lawsuit-dismissed-canvass-delay-denied/3771734001/. November 28, 2020. November 20, 2020. The Arizona Republic.
  27. Web site: Bowyer v. Ducey. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073911/https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=409. 2020-12-30. Stanford-MIT Healthy Elections Project.
  28. Web site: Docket for Bowyer v. Ducey, 2:20-cv-02321. December 6, 2020. CourtListener. en-us.
  29. News: Durkee. Alison. December 9, 2020. Sidney Powell's Voter Fraud Claims Fail For Third Time As Arizona Judge Rejects Case. Forbes. December 10, 2020. December 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073837/https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2020/12/09/sidney-powells-voter-fraud-claims-fail-for-third-time-as-arizona-judge-rejects-case/?sh=560097651993. live.
  30. Web site: Order dismissing appeal . PACER (via Recap / CourtListener).
  31. Web site: Polletta. Maria. Arizona judge scraps election fraud lawsuit in which plaintiff was not a registered voter. 2020-12-17. The Arizona Republic. en-US. 2020-12-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073849/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/12/15/arizona-election-fraud-lawsuit-which-plaintiff-staci-burk-not-registered-voter-dismissed/6511814002/. live.
  32. Web site: Billeaud. Jacques. 2020-12-15. 8th Lawsuit Fails to Overturn Presidential Voting in Arizona. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073922/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/arizona/articles/2020-12-15/8th-suit-over-presidential-election-results-in-arizona-fails. 2020-12-30. 2020-12-17. U.S. News & World Report.
  33. Web site: Burk v. Ducey. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073842/https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=422. 2020-12-30. 2020-12-17. Stanford-MIT Healthy Elections Project.
  34. Web site: Building the "Big Lie": Inside the Creation of Trump's Stolen Election Myth . April 26, 2022 .
  35. Web site: Korean Air Part 1 – Ryan Hartwig .
  36. Web site: Arizona man in Washington, D.C. When riot broke out . January 7, 2021 .
  37. Web site: Paul Gosar's chief of staff tried to intercept a plane rumored to be full of fake votes for Biden: Court docs . .
  38. Web site: Building the "Big Lie": Inside the Creation of Trump's Stolen Election Myth . April 26, 2022 .
  39. Web site: She spread election conspiracies. It ruined her life . August 18, 2021 .
  40. Web site: The curious case of Staci Burk: 'Ballots and planes' - Raw Story - Celebrating 19 Years of Independent Journalism .
  41. Web site: Here are Five of ALEC's Most Far-Right Members . August 5, 2022 .
  42. Web site: Townsend's bill would give Trump Arizona's 11 electoral votes . January 5, 2021 .
  43. Web site: Did Arizona Rep. Kelly Townsend Just Threaten to Kill GOP Gov. Doug Ducey over the Election? . . December 9, 2020 .
  44. News: Goodykoontz. Bill. November 4, 2020. How the disproved 'Sharpiegate' conspiracy theory made Arizona a national media punchline. The Arizona Republic. live. November 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052239/https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/media/2020/11/04/sharpiegate-arizona-media-punchline/6168652002/. November 16, 2020.
  45. News: Leingang. Rachel. Sadeghi. McKenzie. November 4, 2020. Fact check: Arizona election departments confirm Sharpies can be used on ballots. USA Today. live. November 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052307/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/11/04/fact-check-sharpiegate-controversy-arizona-false-claim/6164820002/. November 16, 2020.
  46. GeneralBrnovich. 1324526305677750272. November 5, 2020. Based on correspondence and conversations with Maricopa County officials, we are now confident that the use of Sharpie markers did not result in disenfranchisement for Arizona voters. We appreciate the county's prompt insight and assurances to address public concerns..
  47. Web site: CISA Rumor Control. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052256/https://www.cisa.gov/rumorcontrol#rumor18. November 16, 2020. November 14, 2020. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency.
  48. News: Polletta. Maria. November 10, 2020. Judge rejects Trump team's request for secret evidence in lawsuit over Maricopa County votes. Arizona Republic. live. November 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052309/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/11/10/trump-lawsuit-maricopa-county-votes-secret-evidence-kory-langhofer-thomas-liddy/6242176002/. November 16, 2020.
  49. News: Polletta. Maria. November 13, 2020. Trump attorney tells Maricopa County judge that vote challenge is not about fraud or election theft. Arizona Republic. live. November 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116052324/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/11/12/maricopa-county-judge-hear-trump-team-case-maricopa-county-votes/6260414002/. November 16, 2020.
  50. News: Blake. Aaron. November 13, 2020. It goes from bad to worse for the Trump legal team. The Washington Post. live. November 14, 2020. https://archive.today/20201114033510/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/11/13/it-goes-bad-worse-trump-legal-team/. November 14, 2020.
  51. Web site: Verified Amended Complaint. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201201013551/https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/11/11-30-20-Amend-Verified-Complaint.pdf. December 1, 2020. December 6, 2020. Democracy Docket.
  52. Web site: Ward v. Jackson. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201206154340/https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=408. December 6, 2020. December 6, 2020. Stanford-MIT Healthy Elections Project.
  53. Web site: Polletta. Maria. Randazzo. Ryan. December 3, 2020. GOP poll watchers testify about problems with duplicate ballots; fewer than 200 votes may be at stake. December 6, 2020. The Arizona Republic. en-US. December 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073841/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/12/03/arizona-republican-party-lawsuit-overturn-election-results-goes-trial/3794819001/. live.
  54. Web site: Ortega. Bob. December 1, 2020. Arizona certifies Biden's victory. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201201161518/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/30/politics/joe-biden-arizona-certification/index.html. December 1, 2020. December 6, 2020. CNN.
  55. Web site: Duda. Jeremy. December 3, 2020. Examination finds Maricopa ballot errors didn't affect presidential outcome. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201206153046/https://www.azmirror.com/2020/12/03/examination-finds-maricopa-ballot-errors-didnt-affect-presidential-outcome/. December 6, 2020. December 6, 2020. Arizona Mirror. en-US.
  56. Web site: Grayer. Annie. Becker. Stephanie. Ortega. Bob. Jimenez. Oscar. December 4, 2020. Courts hand Trump more losses as attempts to upend election results collapse. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201206153613/https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/04/politics/trump-election-defeats-courts/index.html. December 6, 2020. December 6, 2020. CNN.
  57. Web site: Order, Ward v. Jackson. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073802/https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/2020/11/Order-2.pdf. December 30, 2020. December 6, 2020. Democracy Docket.
  58. Web site: 2020-12-11. Ward takes bid to undo Biden win in Arizona to Supreme Court. 2020-12-15. AP NEWS. 2020-12-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20201230073900/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-arizona-phoenix-lawsuits-elections-5e7cc3436ade78e7b60d0bf3aa61ee83. live.
  59. Web site: Search - Supreme Court of the United States. 2021-05-05. www.supremecourt.gov.

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