Post–World War II air-to-air combat losses explained

Air-to-air combat is the engagement of combat aircraft in warfare in which primarily fixed-wing aircraft attempt to destroy enemy aircraft using guns, rockets and missiles. The Korean War saw the greatest amount of air-to-air combat since World War II. During the war the United States claimed to have shot down around 700 fighters. After the war the U.S. Air Force reviewed its figures in an investigation code-named Sabre Measure Charlie and downgraded the kill ratio of the North American F-86 Sabre against the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 by half from 14:1 to 7:1. One of the factors inflating US numbers was that most dogfights took place over enemy-controlled area. The only way to confirm kills was through gun camera photography. USAF pilots were credited with a kill if the gun camera showed their guns striking the enemy aircraft even if no one actually saw it go down. However, Soviet Air Force kill claims were also highly exaggerated, based upon inherent flaws in their film grading procedures. For instance, the S-13 gun camera was not aligned with either the gunsight or either cannons' ballistics. It ran only while the firing buttons were depressed. Film graders commonly included unit commanders and political commisars who would confirm a "kill"—sometimes even if one had not been claimed by a pilot—when the camera's crosshairs touched the target for two movie frames. During the first 16 months of combat Soviet V-VS units claimed 218 F-86s destroyed when only 36 (35 to the two elite IADs and one to the 50th IAD) had been lost. This results in a 600 per cent inflation rate in victory credits over actual Sabres destroyed. However, these figures are complicated by the fact that the Americans routinely attributed combat losses to landing accidents and other causes.[1]

The Vietnam War saw a move away from cannon fire to air-to-air missiles. Although US forces maintained air supremacy throughout the war, there were still occasional dogfights and US and North Vietnamese aces. The North Vietnamese side claimed the Vietnam People's Air Force had 17 aces throughout the war, including Nguyễn Văn Cốc, who is also the top ace of Vietnam War with 9 kills: seven acknowledged by the United States Air Force.

During the 1947 conflict over Jammu and Kashmir, the Indian Air Force did not engage the Pakistan Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, it did provide effective transport and close air support to the Indian Army troops.

On 10 April 1959, an Indian English Electric Canberra was shot down while performing a Reconnaissance mission over Rawalpindi. The Canberra was shot down by a Pakistani F-86 Sabre flown by Flight Lieutenant M Younis of the No. 15 Squadron. The two crew members of the Canberra ejected and were later arrested by Pakistani authorities, this incident also marked the first aerial victory of the Pakistan Air Force.[2] [3] [4]

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was the first time the Indian Air Force actively engaged an enemy air force. By the time the conflict had ended, India had lost between 65 and 75 aircraft while Pakistan lost 20 aircraft.[5] [6]

During the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, the Indian Air Force lost 45 aircraft while the Pakistani Air Force lost 75.[7]

During the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–88, there were nearly 1,000 air-to-air engagements between Iran and Iraq, including the only known instances of helicopters dogfighting and shooting down other helicopters.[8] The Falklands War of 1982 witnessed air combat between Argentine and British military aircraft. The Falkland Islands' runways were short and thus unable to support fighter jets, forcing Argentina to launch fighters from the mainland, which had an adverse effect on their loiter time. The Argentine forces lost 23 aircraft in air-to-air combat, out of a total of 134 fixed wing aircraft and helicopters lost during the conflict. During the 1990–91 Persian Gulf War 33 of Iraqi Armed Forces' 750 fixed wing aircraft were claimed as downed (23 were confirmed), compared to 14 coalition aircraft claimed as downed (4 losses are confirmed, one F/A-18 Hornet and three UAVs[9]).[10]

Aircraft lost to air-to-air combat

ConflictAir ForceAircraft lost to air-to-air combatReference
USAAF2[11]
Royal Indian Air Force2[12]
5
7 (Western claim); 0-1 (Israeli claim)[13] [14] [15]
Royal Egyptian Air Force15
Syrian Air Force2
PLAAF
North Korean Air Force
Soviet Air Defence Forces		335 (all causes USSR claim); 399(PLAAF claim) & 270 NKAF (US claim)[16] [17]
US aircraft757 (US Air Force only, 139 in air-to-air combat, 305 "unknown", 472 "other losses"), 1,200 (USSR claimed kills), 85 (PRC claimed kills)[18] [19]
UN Coalition aircraft197 (Soviet claim), 139 (UN claim)
South Korean Air Force135
US aircraft16
Soviet Air Defence Forces3
Swedish Air Force2
1[20]
USAFE1
Argentine Naval Aviation1[21]
Egypt Air Force7–9[22]
1[23]
1[24]
US Navy2[25]
CIA/AUREV1[26]
PLAAF32 (ROC claim); 5 (PRC claim)[27]
ROCAF14 (PRC claim); 3 (ROC claim)
1959 Canberra shootdown0[28] [29]
1
Vietnam People's Air Force131 (North Vietnam claim); 195 (US claim)[30]
US aircraft128 (US Claim), 266 (North Vietnam claim)[31] [32] [33] [34]
Republic of Vietnam Air Force72
Republic of China Air Force1
First Iraqi–Kurdish War Iraqi Air Force2[35]
1
Soviet Air Force1[36] [37]
Imperial Iranian Air Force6[38] [39] [40]
Brigade 250610 (Confirmed)[41]
Israeli Air Force12 (Israeli claim); 20 (ACIG claim)[42]
Egypt Air Force
Syrian Air Force
64–72[43]
60-75[44]
Pakistan Air Force20
60 (Egyptian claim);113 (Israeli claim)
4 (Israeli claim)
Air Force of El Salvador3[45]
45[46] [47]
Pakistan Air Force75
Turkish Air Force1 (Greek claim)[48]
5 (Israeli claim)

Syrian Air Force		277 (Israeli claim)
Libyan Air Force4–5[49]
Egypt Air Force1
Imperial Iranian Army Aviation + IIAF2 + 3[50] [51]
Soviet Air Force1[52]
Afghan National Army Air Corps8[53]
Pakistan Air Force1
Islamic Republic of Iran Army Aviation2[54]
Mojahedin4[55]
Nicaraguan Air Force2[56]
Iraqi Aircraft234 (confirmed)[57] [58]
Iranian Aircraft73 (confirmed)[59]
Soviet Air Force3 (Iranian claim); 0 (Soviet claim)[60] [61]
Syrian Air Force3[62]
Algerian Government aircraft1
Turkish Air Force1[63]
South African Air Force1[64]
National Air Force of Angola2
Libyan Air Force4[65]
FMLN supply aircraft1[66]
Argentine Naval Aviation/Argentine Air Force23
Army Air Corps1[67]
1[68]
Syrian Air Force82–86 (Israeli claim)[69] [70] [71]
Israeli Air Force1 (Israeli claim); 42 (Syrian claim); 3 (ACIG claim)[72] [73] [74]
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam1
Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force1 (Iranian claim) 2 (Saudi claim)[75] [76]
United States Navy4 (US claim);[77] 12 (Iraqi claim)
Royal Air Force1 (Iraqi claim)[78]
Italian Air Force1 (Iraqi claim)
Royal Saudi Air Force1 (Iraqi claim)[79]
Iraqi Air Force23 (Iraqi claim); 44 (Coalition claim)
US aircraft3[80]
Iraqi Air Force5
Italian Army1[81]
Bolivarianos3[82]
Republika Srpska Air Force5[83]
Ecuadorian Air Force1 (confirmed), 2 (Ecuadorian claim)
Turkish Air Force1[84] [85]
Eritrean Air Force2–6[86]
Ethiopian Air ForceUp to 7[87] [88]
Yugoslav Air Force5 + 1 heavily damaged, later destroyed on the ground[89]
NATO aircraft1 + 1 Tomahawk[90] [91]
Pakistan Navy1[92]
1 [93] [94]
Georgian Air Force1[95] [96]
Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force1[97]
United States Air Force1[98]
Syrian Air Force7[99] [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105]
Russian Air Force2[106] [107]
"Pro-Syria regime" forces3[108] [109] [110] [111]
Turkish Air Force1[112]
Hezbollah UAVs2[113] [114]
Ukrainian Air Force1 (Ukrainian claim)[115]
Turkish Air Force1[116]
Houthis4 (Arab Coalition claim)[117] [118]
Peace at Home Council2[119]
Iran1[120] [121] [122]
1[123]
1 (1 Mig-21 confirmed), 1 (1 Su-30MKI claimed by Pakistan)[124]
Pakistani Air Force1 (F-16 claimed by India)[125] [126] [127]
Armenian Air Force1 (Armenian claim)[128]
Hamas1 [129]
Ukrainian Air Force11 (as of 4 August 2023)[130]
Ukrainian Naval Aviation1[131] [132]
United States Air Force[133]

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

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  5. Web site: The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum . Tribuneindia.com . 2013-08-09.
  6. Book: Thomas M. Leonard . Encyclopedia of the Developing World. 14 April 2011 . 2006. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-415-97663-3. 806.
  7. Book: Leonard, Thomas M.. Encyclopedia of the Developing World. 18 October 2013. Routledge. 9781135205089. 6 May 2018. Google Books.
  8. Web site: Persian Cats | Military Aviation . Air & Space Magazine . 2013-08-09.
  9. Desert Storm Air War: The Aerial Campaign against Saddam's Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War. Jim Corrigan, Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. P.59
  10. "The First Night" by Cooper, Sadik (IAPR, Vol.26)
  11. Web site: Intrusions, Overflights, Shootdowns and Defections During the Cold War and Thereafter. myplace.frontier.com. 6 May 2018.
  12. Web site: Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group.
  13. Web site: Egyptian Air-to-Air Victories since 1948. acig.info. 6 May 2018.
  14. Web site: Syrian Air-to-Air Victories since 1948. acig.info. 6 May 2018.
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  16. https://www.nj.gov/military/korea/factsheets/air_f_fs.html The United States Air Forces in the Korean War
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  18. https://www.nj.gov/military/korea/factsheets/air_f_fs.html The United Airforce in the Korean War
  19. Popov, Lavrenyov and Bogdanov, pp, 272–274
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  26. Web site: Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group.
  27. Web site: Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group.
  28. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20010111073300/http://www.defencejournal.com:80/2000/sept/sabre.htm. PAF Sabre Draws First Blood. DefenceJournal. 11 January 2001. SULTAN M.. HALI.
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  37. Web site: Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group.
  38. http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/country-by-country/iranian_f_4_phantom_losses.htm Chronological Listing of Iranian Air Force McDonnell-Douglas F-4 Phantom II
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  47. Book: Leonard, Thomas M.. Encyclopedia of the Developing World. 2013-10-18. Routledge. 9781135205089. en.
  48. Web site: Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group.
  49. Gordon, Yefim. MiG-21 (Russian Fighters). Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 2008.
  50. The Aviation History, Florian Ion Petrescu, Relly Victoria Petrescu, 2012, p. 88
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  52. Web site: Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group.
  53. Web site: 2010 . Pakistan – Pakistan Fiza'ya – Pakistan Air Force – PAF. f-16.net. April 3, 2010.
  54. The Aviation History, Florian Ion Petrescu, Relly Victoria Petrescu, 2012, p. 82
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  60. Web site: Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group.
  61. Web site: WINGS PALETTE - MiG MiG-25 Foxbat - Iraq. Grigory. Ivanov. wp.scn.ru. 6 May 2018. 9 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170409110851/http://wp.scn.ru/en/ww3/f/38/19/0. dead.
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  63. Web site: Cenciotti . David . 30 years later, Ankara admits Turkish Air Force jet was shot down by Iraq . The Aviationist . 2012-09-06 . 2018-05-06.
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  66. Web site: El Salvador, 1980-1992 . acig.info . https://web.archive.org/web/20140116083135/http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=89&Itemid=47 . 16 January 2014 . English.
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  73. MiG-23 na blijnem vostoke. Vladimir Ilin
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  77. 1 F/A-18 and 3 UAVs are confirmed
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  89. Web site: Yugoslav & Serbian MiG-29s. acig.org. 6 May 2018.
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  91. https://web.archive.org/web/20130408130633/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA378573 Military Mi-8 HIP helicopter to fly alongside a Hunter UAV and then have the Door Gunner blast the UAV with his 7.62mm machine gun
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  99. News: Turkey Says It Shot Down Syrian Military Helicopter Flying in Its Airspace. limited. Kareem. Fahim. Sebnem. Arsu. 16 September 2013. The New York Times. 6 May 2018.
  100. News: Turkey shoots down Syrian fighter jet. Al-Jazeera. 24 March 2014.
  101. News: UPDATE 4-Turkey says shot down helicopter, while Syrian TV says it.... reuters.com. 16 May 2015. 6 May 2018.
  102. News: Navy jet shoots down Syrian warplane that attacked US-backed rebels. 18 June 2017. Fox News. 6 May 2018.
  103. Web site: بعد إسقاطها لمروحيتين الشهر الفائت.. القوات التركية تسقط طائرتين حربيتين تابعة للنظام السوري في أجواء محافظة إدلب. March 2020.
  104. Web site: Cenciotti. David. 1 March 2020. Two Syrian Su-24 Fencer Jets And A Turkish Drone Shot Down Over Idlib Region, Syria. theaviationist.com. 17 November 2021.
  105. Web site: Turkish F-16 Shoots Down Syria's L-39 Warplane. defenseworld.net. 3 March 2020.
  106. News: MacFarquhar. Neil. Erlanger. Steven. 24 November 2015. NATO-Russia Tensions Rise After Turkey Downs Jet. limited. The New York Times. 6 May 2018.
  107. Web site: Turkish Air Force shoots down a secret Russian UAV, the same type also used in Donbas. informnaplam.org. 5 October 2019.
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  109. News: Browne. Ryan. Starr. Barbara. First on CNN: US shoots down another pro-regime drone in Syria. 22 June 2017. CNN. 20 June 2017.
  110. News: US forces down Iranian drone in eastern Syria. The Times of Israel. 22 August 2021. 16 November 2021.
  111. Web site: US-Led Coalition Aircraft Shoots Down Drone Over Syria. military.com. 23 August 2021. 16 November 2021.
  112. News: Ali . Idrees . Hayatsever . Huseyin . Ali . Idrees . 2023-10-05 . US jet shoots down Turkish drone in Syria, Pentagon says . en . Reuters . 2023-10-05 . 17 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231017233715/https://www.reuters.com/world/turkish-officials-says-ground-operation-into-syria-an-option-after-bombing-2023-10-05/ . live .
  113. News: Lappin. Yaakov. 6 October 2012. IAF shoots down UAV in northern Negev. The Jerusalem Post. 6 May 2018.
  114. News: Lappin. Yaakov. 25 April 2013. IAF shoots down drone from Lebanon off Haifa. The Jerusalem Post. 6 May 2018.
  115. News: Russia 'shot down Ukraine jet'. BBC News. 17 July 2014. 6 May 2018.
  116. Web site: The Important Role of Turkish Drones in the Libyan War | Israel Defense. 29 July 2019.
  117. Web site: Coalition jets destroy two Houthi drones in Yemeni air space. 22 June 2019. Al Arabiya. 27 June 2019.
  118. Web site: Saudi F-15 jet shoots down Iranian drones above Yemen. dronedj.com. 13 July 2020.
  119. News: How Fighter Jets Almost Killed a President. David. Axe. 19 July 2016. The Daily Beast. 6 May 2018.
  120. News: Khan. Zarar. Officials: Pakistan shoots down Iranian drone near border. https://web.archive.org/web/20170620195054/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/officials-pakistan-shoots-down-iranian-drone-near-border/2017/06/20/2ad9b242-55dc-11e7-840b-512026319da7_story.html . dead . 20 June 2017 . The Washington Post. Associated Press. 20 June 2017. 6 May 2018.
  121. News: Pakistan confirms shooting down Iranian drone. The Express Tribune. 22 June 2017.
  122. Web site: Pakistan's JF-17 Jet Has Its First Victory by Destroying an Iranian Drone. nationalinterest.org. 28 August 2019.
  123. News: Sirens, clashes in north after IDF shoots down infiltrating Iranian drone. The Times of Israel. 10 February 2018. 6 May 2018.
  124. News: Pakistan Downs Two Indian Jets, Pilot Arrested, Army Says. limited. Bloomberg. 27 February 2019.
  125. News: None of Pakistan's F-16 fighter jets missing after US count: Report. The Economic Times. 5 April 2019.
  126. News: Indian Sukhoi-30 shoots down Pakistani drone in Bikaner sector. The Economic Times. 4 March 2019.
  127. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/on-air-force-day-iaf-flies-sukhoi-30mki-fighter-jet-that-pakistan-claims-it-shot-down-2113472 On Air Force Day, IAF Disproves Pak Claim Of Shooting Down Sukhoi Fighter
  128. News: Armenia accuses Turkish fighter jet of downing warplane, Ankara denies it. Haaretz. 29 September 2020.
  129. News: Israeli jet shoots down 'suicide drone' launched from Gaza Strip. The New York Post. 13 May 2021.
  130. Web site: An unexpected air-to-air battle is raging over Ukraine. Here's what we know about the losses on both sides.. Insider. 5 September 2022. L-39 jet trainer...MiG-29 of 40th TAB piloted by Lt. Col. Yerko Vaycheslav Vladimirvoich...MiG-29 of 40th TAB piloted by Vladimir Kokhansky...Su-27 lost on February 28 on a defensive mission over Koprivnitsky battling Russian fighters...MiG-29 of Maj. Oleksandr Brynzhal, KIA after shot down over Kyiv Oblast in duel...MiG-29 on March 13 downed over Chernihiv...MiG-29 on March 23 piloted by Maj. Dmitry Chumachenko.
  131. Web site: Deputy head of Ukrainian navy killed in action. APA Azerbaijan.
  132. Web site: An unexpected air-to-air battle is raging over Ukraine. Here's what we know about the losses on both sides.. Insider. 5 September 2022. "an Su-35 was recorded attempting to gun down a Ukrainian Mi-14 utility helicopter over Odessa Bay, only to miss. Subsequently, it downed the chopper with a missile, killing a high-ranking naval officer.".
  133. Web site: Russian fighter jet forces down US drone over Black Sea. cnn.com. 14 March 2023.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Post–World War II air-to-air combat losses".

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