Portugal at the 2015 European Games explained

Games:	European Games
Games Link:	2015 European Games
Year:	2015
Noc:	POR
Nocname:	Olympic Committee of Portugal
Competitors:	100
Sports:	14
Flagbearer:	João Costa (opening) Telma Monteiro (closing)
Officials:	45
Location:	Baku, Azerbaijan
Start Date:	12
End Date:	28 June 2015
Gold:	3
Silver:	4
Bronze:	3
Rank:	19
Appearances:	auto

Portugal participated at the 2015 European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 12 to 28 June 2015, with a delegation of 100 athletes that competed in 14 sports.^[1]

On 10 April 2015, the Olympic Committee of Portugal (COP) announced that the country had secured 99 athlete quota places in 13 sports, with the possibility of increasing this number by the deadline for inscription of athletes (30 April 2015).^[2] On 12 May 2015, COP announced a list of 101 athletes competing in 14 sports, following a reallocation of badminton quota places.^[3] On 4 June 2015, a final list of 100 athletes was announced, with the exclusion of female wrestler Ana Pereira due to failure in complying with the national federation selection criteria.^[4] In addition, two injury-related changes were made: female gymnast Zoi Lima and male table tennis player João Monteiro were substituted by Mariana Pitrez and João Geraldo.^[4] On the opening day of the Games, clinical issues forced four last-minute athlete changes: female swimmer Tamila Holub (appendicitis) was replaced by Madalena Azevedo, while the acrobatic gymnastics female trio was replaced due to injury of one of its members (Raquel Martins) by Jéssica Correia, Joana Patrocínio and Susana Pinto.^[5]

The delegation will include a staff of 59 people, among which 45 officials, and will be headed by former Olympic canoer José Garcia,^[3] who will also lead the Olympic mission to the 2016 Summer Olympics.^[6] Four-time Olympic shooter João Costa was chosen to be the flagbearer at the opening ceremony,^[7] while multiple world and European medal-winning judoka Telma Monteiro will carry the flag at the closing ceremony.^[8]

Badminton

See main article: Badminton at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified three athletes in three events, based on the ranking list released by the Badminton World Federation on 26 March 2015.^[9] The competition took place at the Baku Sports Hall from 22 to 28 June. None of the participating athletes were able to advance from the group play stage, with Sónia Gonçalves securing the only Portuguese win in this competition.

Athlete!rowspan=2
Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result		Rank
Event	Group play stage				Quarterfinals	Semifinals	Gold/Bronze medal match	Rank
Ricardo Silva	Men's singles	L 6–21, 11–21	L 9–21, 9–21	L 13–21, 10–21	Did not advance
Ângelo Silva Ricardo Silva	Men's doubles	L 15–21, 18–21	L 15–21, 6–21	L 10–21, 7–21		Did not advance			13–16
Sónia Gonçalves	Women's singles	L 16–21, 10–21	W 21–16, 21–15	L 7–21, 13–21	Did not advance				13–18

Beach soccer

See main article: Beach soccer at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified a team of 12 players based on the results at the 2014 Euro Beach Soccer League.^[10] The competition took place at the Beach Arena from 24 to 28 June.

The Portuguese team finished at the top of Group A, ahead of Switzerland, after winning all of its matches. As a result, they advanced to the semi-finals, where they suffered a 2–1 defeat against Group B runners-up and world champions Russia. Having beaten Switzerland 6–5 in the group stage, Portugal repeated the scoreline in the bronze medal match to secure the tenth and last Portuguese medal at these Games.^[11]

Squad

Coach: Mário Narciso Source: Baku 2015 European Games^[12]

Group stage

Group A

--------

Bronze medal match

Canoe sprint

See main article: Canoe sprint at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified thirteen athletes in eleven events, based on the results at the 2014 Canoe Sprint European Championships. The competition took place at the Kur Sport and Rowing Centre in Mingachevir from 14 to 16 June.

Portuguese boats qualified for eight finals (seven finals A and one final B). The best results came through Olympic silver medalist Fernando Pimenta, who won two silver medals, after finishing behind Germany's Max Hoff in the men's K1 1000 and 5000 metres events. Pimenta was the only Portuguese athlete to win more than one medal at these Games.

Men

Athlete!rowspan=2
Time	Rank	Time	Rank	Time	Rank
Event	Heats		Semifinals		Final
Hélder Silva	C1 200 m	39.248	1	40.682	5
Diogo Lopes	K1 200 m	36.441	5	36.443	9	Did not advance
Fernando Pimenta	K1 1000 m	3:40.476	1	3:25.832	1	3:28.421
K1 5000 m	20:11.989
Emanuel Silva João Ribeiro	K2 1000 m	3:14.726	4	3:08.734	3	3:18.659	9
David Fernandes Emanuel Silva Fernando Pimenta João Ribeiro	K4 1000 m	2:53.152	2	3:09:010	5

Women

Athlete!rowspan=2
Time	Rank	Time	Rank	Time	Rank
Event	Heats		Semifinals		Final
align=left rowspan=2	Teresa Portela	K1 200 m	41.330	2	40.675	5	42.627	9
K1 500 m	1:53.169	3	1:48.896	3	2:15.435	9
	K2 200 m	37.797	4	37.264	2	38.609	6
Márcia Aldeias Maria Cabrita	K2 500 m	1:47.576	7	1:45.437	7	Did not advance
Beatriz Gomes Francisca Laia Helena Rodrigues Joana Vasconcelos	K4 500 m	1:37.910	5	1:32.169	5	Did not advance

Cycling

See main article: Cycling at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified nine athletes in six events, based on the national ranking list released by the Union Cycliste Internationale on 31 December 2014. The competition took place from 16 to 27 June in several courses and venues across Baku. Mountain biker David Rosa was the only Portuguese athlete to reach a top-ten placing, by finishing exactly in the 10th place in the men's cross-country event.

Road cycling

The road race course consisted of multiple laps in an urban circuit starting and finishing at the Freedom Square. The men's race (21 June) had a total distance of 215.8km (134.1miles), consisting of six laps of 12.8km (08miles) followed by ten laps of 13.9km (08.6miles). The women's race (20 June) had a total distance of 120.7km (75miles), consisting of four laps of 12.8km (08miles) followed by five laps of 13.9km (08.6miles).The men's time trial (18 June) course was located at Bilgah Beach and consisted of two laps of 25.8km (16miles), for a total distance of 51.6km (32.1miles).

Road cycling event results^[13] ^[14] ^[15] !Athlete!Event!Time!Rank
Filipe Cardoso	align=left rowspan=5	Men's road race	5:28:26	19
José Gonçalves	Did not finish
Edgar Pinto	5:33:43	33
Rafael Reis	Did not finish
Fábio Silvestre	Did not finish
Rafael Reis	Men's time trial	1:04:06.74	19
Daniela Reis	align=left rowspan=5	Women's road race	3:25:53	14

Mountain biking

The mountain biking events took place on 13 June at the Mountain Bike Velopark. The men's cross-country event course had a total distance of 36.7km (22.8miles), consisting of one start loop of 1.5km (00.9miles) followed by eight laps of 4.4km (02.7miles), whereas the women's course was followed by six laps of 4.4km (02.7miles) for a total distance of 27.9km (17.3miles).

Mountain biking event results^[16] ^[17] !Athlete!Event!Time!Rank
David Rosa	Men's cross country	1:45:12	10
Joana Monteiro	Women's cross country	Lapped	23

BMX

The BMX events took place at the BMX Velopark on 26 and 28 June.

Athlete!rowspan=2
Time	Rank	Time	Rank	Points	Rank	Time	Rank	Time	Rank
Event	Qualifying Time Trial		Time Trial Super Final		Motos		Semifinals		Final
André Martins	Men's BMX	37.712	27	Did not advance		21		Did not advance

Gymnastics

See main article: Gymnastics at the 2015 European Games.

Acrobatic

Portugal qualified five athletes in three events, based on the results at the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.

Athlete!rowspan=2
Balance	Dynamic	Combined		Total score	Rank
Event	Exercise			Total score	Rank
Jéssica Correia Joana Patrocínio Susana Pinto	Women's groups all-around	27.050	27.030	26.250	80.330	7
align=left rowspan=2	Inês Germano João Martins	Mixed pairs all-around	26.830	26.410	26.090	79.330	5
Mixed pairs balance	26.920			26.920	5

Aerobic

Portugal qualified a pair of athletes in one event, based on the results at the 2013 Aerobic Gymnastics European Championships.^[18]

Athlete!rowspan=2
Score	Rank	Score	Rank
Event	Qualification		Final
	Mixed pairs	18.550	7	Did not advance

Artistic

Portugal qualified four athletes in eleven events, based on the results at the 2014 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships and 2014 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships.

Men

Athlete!rowspan=3
Apparatus						Total	Rank	Apparatus				Total	Rank
Event	Qualification								Final
						Total	Rank					Total	Rank
align=left rowspan=6	Bernardo Almeida	Individual all-around	13.100	11.233	12.066	13.333	13.166	12.333	75.231	57	Did not advance
Floor	13.100	13.100	61	Did not advance
Pommel horse		11.233	11.233	70	Did not advance
Rings	12.066	12.066	67	Did not advance
Parallel bars	13.166	13.166	56	Did not advance
Horizontal bar	12.333	12.333	70	Did not advance
align=left rowspan=6	Simão Almeida	Individual all-around	13.766	9.600	14.066	14.233	14.300	12.800	78.765	45	Did not advance
Floor	13.766	13.766	41	Did not advance
Pommel horse		9.600	9.600	75	Did not advance
Rings	14.066	14.066	14	Did not advance
Parallel bars	14.300	14.300	25	Did not advance
Horizontal bar	12.800	12.800	64	Did not advance
align=left rowspan=6	Vasco Barata	Individual all-around	11.800	11.500	12.800	12.900	13.266	13.433	75.699	56	Did not advance
Floor	11.800	11.800	75	Did not advance
Pommel horse		11.500	11.500	66	Did not advance
Rings	12.800	12.800	54	Did not advance
Parallel bars	13.266	13.266	=53	Did not advance
Horizontal bar	13.433	13.433	47	Did not advance
Bernardo Almeida Simão Almeida Vasco Barata	Team all-around	26.866	22.733	26.866	27.566	27.566	26.233	157.830	21

Women

Athlete!rowspan=3
Apparatus				Total	Rank	Apparatus				Total	Rank
Event	Qualification						Final
				Total	Rank					Total	Rank
align=left rowspan=4	Mariana Pitrez	Individual all-around	11.433	12.933	11.000	10.066	45.432	67	Did not advance
Floor	11.433	11.433	64	Did not advance
Uneven bars	11.000	11.000	51	Did not advance
Balance beam	10.066	10.066	75	Did not advance

Trampoline

Portugal qualified four athletes in four events, based on the results at the 2014 European Trampoline Championships.

Athlete!rowspan=2
Score	Rank	Score	Rank
Event	Qualification		Final
Diogo Ganchinho	Men's individual	104.445	7	13.245	6
Ricardo Santos	Men's individual	103.365	10	Did not advance
Diogo Ganchinho Ricardo Santos	Men's synchronized	47.800	11	Did not advance
Ana Rente	Women's individual	95.885	11	Did not advance
Beatriz Martins	Women's individual	93.575	15	Did not advance
Ana Rente Beatriz Martins	Women's synchronized	83.000	6	44.500

Judo

See main article: Judo at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified 14 athletes in 12 events, based on the International Judo Federation world ranking list announced on 2 March 2015.

Men

Athlete!rowspan=2
Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result		Rank
Event	Round of 64	Round of 32	Round of 16	Quarterfinals	Semifinals	Repechage	Gold/Bronze match	Rank
Nuno Carvalho	–60 kg		L 0s3–0	Did not advance					17–32
Diogo César	align=left rowspan=2	–66 kg		W 100s1–0	L 0s3–100s1	Did not advance				9–16
Sergiu Oleinic		W 100–0s2	W 1s2–0s1	W 100s1–0	L 0s2–100s1		L 0–12s2	5
André Alves	align=left rowspan=2	–73 kg		W 100s2–0s3	L 0s3–1s1	Did not advance				9–16
Jorge Fernandes		W 1s1–0	L 0s1–100	Did not advance				9–16
Carlos Luz	align=left rowspan=2	–81 kg		W 11s3–0s1	L 0s2–0s1	Did not advance				9–16
Diogo Lima		L 1s2–1s2	Did not advance					17–32
Célio Dias	–90 kg		L 0–101	Did not advance					17–32
Jorge Fonseca	–100 kg		W 2s2–0s2	W 101s3–0s2	W 100–0s2	L 10s2–0s3		L 0s1–100	5
André Alves Célio Dias Jorge Fonseca Carlos Luz Sergiu Oleinic	Team

Women

Athlete!rowspan=2
Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result		Rank
Event	Round of 32	Round of 16	Quarterfinals	Semifinals	Repechage	Gold/Bronze match	Rank
Leandra Freitas	–48 kg	W 1s3–0	L 0s2–101s1	Did not advance				9–16
Joana Ramos	–52 kg	L 0s1–0	Did not advance					17–32
Telma Monteiro	–57 kg		W 0s2–0s3	W 0s1–0s2	W 11s3–0s2		W 110–0
Ana Cachola	–63 kg	W 100–0	W 1s2–0s1	L 0–101		W 3s1–0	L 0–1s1	5
Yahima Ramirez	–78 kg	L 0s3–0s2	Did not advance					17–32

Karate

See main article: Karate at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified one athlete, based on the results at the 2015 European Karate Championships.

Athlete!rowspan=2
Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Points	Place	Opposition Result	Opposition Result		Rank
Event	Elimination round					Semifinals	Gold/Bronze match	Rank
Filipe Reis	Men's kumite +84 kg	L 1–2	L 0–6	L 0–4	0	4	Did not advance		8

Shooting

See main article: Shooting at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified four athletes in six events, based on the rankings announced by the European Shooting Confederation.

Athlete!rowspan=2
Points	Rank	Points	Rank	Points	Rank
Event	Qualification		Semifinals		Final
João Azevedo	Men's trap	119	14	Did not advance
align=left rowspan=2	João Costa	Men's 10 m air pistol	583	3	201.5
Men's 50 m pistol	550	14	Did not advance
José Faria	Men's trap	116	24	Did not advance
align=left rowspan=2	Joana Castelão	Women's 10 m air pistol	375	25	Did not advance
Women's 25 m pistol	561	27	Did not advance
João Costa Joana Castelão	Mixed 10 m air pistol	473	9	Did not advance

Swimming

See main article: Swimming at the 2015 European Games. Portugal has qualified for nine individual quota places,^[2] based on a ranking list announced by the Ligue Européenne de Natation, accounting the results per NOC from the past three European Junior Swimming Championships.

Table tennis

See main article: Table tennis at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified two teams of three players (one team per gender) based on the results at the 2014 European Table Tennis Championships. Two players from each team also competed in the respective singles event.

Athlete!rowspan=2
Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result		Rank
Event	Round 1	Round 2	Round 3	Quarterfinals	Semifinals	Gold or Bronze medal match	Rank
	align=left rowspan=2	Men's singles		W 4–2	W 4–2	L 0–4	Did not advance	5–8
Marcos Freitas		W 4–0	W 4–2	L 1–4	Did not advance		5–8
Tiago Apolónia Marcos Freitas João Geraldo	Men's team	W 3–1	W 3–0	W 3–2	W 3–0
Yu Fu	align=left rowspan=2	Women's singles		L 1–4	Did not advance			17–32
Leila Oliveira	L 3–4	Did not advance					33–47
Yu Fu Ana Neves Leila Oliveira	Women's team	L 1–3	Did not advance	9

Taekwondo

See main article: Taekwondo at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified four athletes, based on the Olympic Ranking list announced by the World Taekwondo Federation on 31 March 2015.

Athlete!rowspan=2
Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result		Rank
Event	Preliminary round	Quarterfinals	Repechage	Semifinals	Gold or Bronze medal match	Rank
Rui Bragança	Men's −58 kg	W 12–0	W 13–7	—	W 11–4	W 6–5
Mário Silva	Men's −68 kg	W 12–6	L 2–10	L 6–12	—	Did not advance	7
Júlio Ferreira	Men's −80 kg	W 10–4	W 8–7	—	L 2–6	W 6–5
Joana Cunha	Women's −57 kg	L 0–1	Did not advance				11

Triathlon

See main article: Triathlon at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified five athletes in two events, based on the European Triathlon Union 2014 Points List rankings on 31 December 2014.^[19] ^[20] ^[21]

Triathlon results^[22] ^[23] !Athlete!Event!Swim (1.5 km)!Trans 1!Bike (40 km)!Trans 2!Run (10 km)!Total Time!Rank
Pedro Palma	align=left rowspan=3	Men's	20:21	0:43	1:00:19	0:25	32:25	1:54:13	34
João Pereira	19:28	0:42	57:42	0:24	31:30	1:49:46	8
João Silva	19:30	0:43	57:40	0:24	30:25	1:48:42
Ana Ramos	align=left rowspan=2	Women's	23:10	0:58	—	—	—	—
Melanie Santos	20:45	0:49	1:06:23	0:28	39:46	2:08:11	25

Wrestling

See main article: Wrestling at the 2015 European Games. Portugal qualified five athletes, based on the results at the 2014 European Wrestling Championships.

Freestyle

Athlete!rowspan=2
Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result		Rank
Event	Qualification	1/8 Finals	Quarterfinals	Repechage 1	Repechage 2	Semifinals	Gold/Bronze match	Rank
Liliana Santos	Women's freestyle 48 kg		L 1–4	—		L 0–3	Did not advance		13
Vânia Guerreiro	Women's freestyle 53 kg		L 0–5	Did not advance					16

Greco-Roman

Athlete!rowspan=2
Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result		Rank
Event	Qualification	1/8 Finals	Quarterfinals	Repechage 1	Repechage 2	Semifinals	Gold/Bronze match	Rank
João Carvalho	Men's Greco-Roman 59 kg		L 0–3	Did not advance					18
Hugo Passos	Men's Greco-Roman 66 kg	L 1–3	Did not advance						22
Zurab Bekauri	Men's Greco-Roman 71 kg		L 0–5	Did not advance					15

Notes and References

Web site: Countries – Portugal. Baku 2015 European Games. 28 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20170623235046/http://www.baku2015.com/countries/country=por/index.html. 23 June 2017. usurped.
Web site: 99 atletas lusos apurados para a 1ª edição Jogos Europeus Baku 2015. 99 Portuguese athletes qualified for the 1st edition of the European Games Baku 2015. Olympic Committee of Portugal. 12 April 2015. 10 April 2015.
Web site: Sobe para 101 o número de atletas apurados para Baku 2015. Number of athletes qualified for Baku 2015 rises to 101. Olympic Committee of Portugal. 31 May 2015. pt. 12 May 2015.
Web site: Lista final de atletas para Baku 2015. Final list of athletes for Baku 2015. Olympic Committee of Portugal. 5 June 2015. pt. 4 June 2015.
Web site: Casos clínicos obrigam a alterações na lista de atletas da Missão Baku 2015. Clinical cases force changes in the list of athletes of the Baku 2015 mission. Olympic Committee of Portugal. 14 June 2015. pt. 12 June 2015.
Web site: José Garcia é o Chefe de Missão para o Rio 2016. José Garcia is the chief of mission for Rio 2016. Olympic Committee of Portugal. 31 May 2015. pt. 25 February 2015.
Web site: João Costa será porta-estandarte na abertura dos Jogos Europeus Baku 2015. João Costa will be the flagbearer at the opening of the Baku 2015 European Games. Olympic Committee of Portugal. 3 June 2015. pt. 3 June 2015.
Web site: Telma Monteiro porta-estandarte no encerramento. Telma Monteiro, flagbearer at the closing [ceremony]. Olympic Committee of Portugal. 27 June 2015. pt. 27 June 2015.
Web site: BWF World Rankings. Badminton World Federation. 22 June 2015. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235700/http://www.bwfbadminton.org/page.aspx?id=14955. dead.
Web site: European Games Baku 2015 coming into focus. Beach Soccer Worldwide. 28 September 2014. 3 September 2014.
News: De bicicleta chegou a décima medalha!. The tenth medal came with a bicycle [kick]!. 28 June 2015. Olympic Committee of Portugal. 28 June 2015. pt.
Web site: Beach Soccer – Team Roster – Portugal. Baku 2015 European Games. 24 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150624203105/http://www.baku2015.com/en_externalmodules/BF/pdf/BFM400005_C33_6_POR.pdf. 24 June 2015. usurped. PDF. 23 June 2015.
Web site: Cycling Road – Men's Road Race – Final Results. Baku 2015 European Games. 21 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150621211306/http://www.baku2015.com/en_externalmodules/CR/pdf/CRM012101_C73R_5.pdf. 21 June 2015. usurped. PDF. 21 June 2015.
Web site: Cycling Road – Men's Individual Time Trial – Results. Baku 2015 European Games. 18 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20171013174811/http://www.baku2015.com/en_externalmodules/CR/pdf/CRM011101_C73T_12.pdf. 13 October 2017. usurped. PDF. 18 June 2015.
Web site: Cycling Road – Women's Road Race – Final Results. Baku 2015 European Games. 20 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150620191106/http://www.baku2015.com/en_externalmodules/CR/pdf/CRW012101_C73R_2.pdf. 20 June 2015. usurped. PDF. 20 June 2015.
Web site: Cycling Mountain Bike – Men's Cross-country – Results. Baku 2015 European Games. 18 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150620154240/http://www.baku2015.com/en_externalmodules/CM/pdf/CMM021101_C73A_6.pdf. 20 June 2015. usurped. PDF. 18 June 2015.
Web site: Cycling Mountain Bike – Women's Cross-country – Results. Baku 2015 European Games. 18 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150620154235/http://www.baku2015.com/en_externalmodules/CM/pdf/CMW021101_C73A_1.pdf. 20 June 2015. usurped. PDF. 18 June 2015.
Web site: Archived copy . 2014-03-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140102200335/http://www.webfpg.com/FFgExport/2013_ARQUES/Resultat/pdf/SEN_Results_Mixed_Pair%27s_Finals.pdf . 2014-01-02 . dead .
Web site: Triatlo nos primeiros Jogos Europeus. Triathlon at the first European Games. Federação de Triatlo de Portugal. 14 June 2015. pt. 8 June 2015.
Web site: ETU Points List – Men's standings. International Triathlon Union. 14 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150620205914/http://www.triathlon.org/uploads/docs/iturankseurpl2014m23.pdf. 20 June 2015. live. 13 November 2014.
Web site: ETU Points List – Women's standings. International Triathlon Union. 14 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150620205819/http://www.triathlon.org/uploads/docs/iturankseurpl2014f26.pdf. 20 June 2015. live. 12 December 2014.
Web site: Men's Triathlon – Official Results. Baku 2015 European Games. 14 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150620173835/http://www.baku2015.com/en_externalmodules/TR/pdf/TRM001101_C73B_8.pdf. 20 June 2015. usurped. PDF. 14 June 2015.
Web site: Women's Triathlon – Official Results. Baku 2015 European Games. 14 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150624152425/http://www.baku2015.com/en_externalmodules/TR/pdf/TRW001101_C73B_13.pdf. 24 June 2015. usurped. PDF. 14 June 2015.