The Ports of Entry of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国的口岸), according to the definition of "Several Provisions of the State Council on Port Opening", are the seaports, river ports, airports, railway stations, border crossings (边境通道), and all other entry-points through which people, goods, and means of transportation may legally enter and exit the country.[1] Ports of Entry are legal entities and state institutions, and the opening or closing of ports of entry must be announced and implemented after approval by the State Council or by the provincial people's government. "Ports of Entry" are distinct entities to the associated transportation facility (so, the "Tianjin Water Transport Port of Entry" [天津水运口岸] is distinct to "Tianjin Port" [天津港]).
Ports of Entry (PoE) are mainly composed of physical markers and facilities indicating the boundary and signaling national sovereignty, custom agents, and other relevant inspection departments of the State (migration, quarantine, etc.). They are generally located at transport terminals (交通港站) entering and exiting the country, and form an institutional and economic complex with the local relevant departments and industry units.[2]
According to the "Regulations of the State Council on Port of Entry Openings", China's ports of entry are divided into Class I ports of entry and Class II ports of entry. In the "China Port of Entry Yearbook", all inbound and outbound freight, people, or vehicle inspection stations are separately listed as either port type.
Class I entry ports, often referred to as national-level Ports of Entry, are opened by the relevant national authorities in consultation with the provincial government where the port is located and with the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and need the approval of the State Council.[3] There are three types of Class I ports:
The "13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Ports of Entry" specifies that certain passenger and cargo volume indicators three years after the opening of a Port of Entry will be used to determine the suitability of its status, and this status may be withdrawn.[5]
| Units | Sea | Inland River | Border River | Railway | Road | Coastal Airports | Other Airports | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cargo | 1000 t | 1000 | 200 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 30 | 30 | |
| Passengers | 1000 | - | - | 10 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 |
Class II ports, also known as local-level ports, are approved by the local government where the port is located with the consent of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and after consulting with the local border inspection and examination units, they are reported to the provincial government for approval. Their construction is financed locally. Class II ports are further subdivided into three types:
In the period of reform and opening, the various provincial governments of China approved the establishment of 331 Type II ports. On August 28, 1998: 46, the State Council issued the "Circular on Cleaning up and Rectifying Class II Ports" (State Circular [1998] No. 74),[6] which intended to clean-up and rectify this proliferation of Type II Ports of Entry. The circular suspended the approval of class II ports, and proceeded to review the existing ones for their suitability as Ports of Entry. A total of 177 class II ports were closed, 57 class II ports were upgraded to class I ports, and 97 class II ports were merged with neighboring class I ports.[7] This consolidation process is still ongoing.
The basic structure of a Port of Entry includes 1) an integrated management system, 2) a supervision and inspection system, 3) an external transportation and external trade system; and 4) a service system. Generally, the number of units and departments working at a port of entry can reach about 40.[8]
First, because of the different bureaucratic affiliations of the units at the port, it is necessary to have an integrated management organization to coordinate the relationship between the systems, which is usually a "port management committee" (口岸管理委员会或) or a "port office" (口岸办公室) set up by the local government.
Second, the supervision and inspection system entails the management, supervision, and inspection of people, baggage, cargo, and means of transportation entering and leaving the country, and includes three subsystems: inspection (检查), testing (检验), and quarantine (检疫). As of 2024, the relevant agencies include the National Immigration Administration's China Immigration Inspection for migration inspection; the General Administration of Customs is responsible for customs, excise, and duties; for contraband and prohibited goods interdiction; and for health, animal, and plant quarantine. The China Maritime Safety Administration is responsible for ship inspection and ship health certification, China Civil Aviation Authority for airplane inspection, the State Administration for Market Regulation for commodity inspection, quality testing, and food testing; the Ministry of Agriculture for the fishing vessels registry (中华人民共和国渔业船舶检验局),[9] and many other state organizations each with their own remits.
Third, the external transportation system includes the actual transport institutions such as the management companies of the seaports, airports, railway stations, and other terminals and hubs; the shipping companies, airlines, transportation companies, logistics companies, and other enterprises involved in the transport of goods and people.
Finally, the service system includes banking, insurance, shipping agencies, supply, warehousing, seafarers' clubs, etc.。
The China Association of Ports-of-Entry (中国口岸协会 CAOP)[10] is a national comprehensive association with independent legal personality, approved by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and supervised by the General Administration of Customs (GAC).The leading members of the Association are composed of relevant personnel from the GAC, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Transport, China Railway, Civil Aviation Administration of China, plus other central departments and important local port of entry authorities. It serves as an organization for the exchange of port of entry information, business training, international cooperation, and the provision of consulting services, and also edits the China Port of Entry Yearbook.[11]
The Ming and Qing dynasties, guided by the idea of "naval defense over commerce", had a long history of closed-door policies, closing ports, removing population from coastal areas, and forcing foreign traders into specific, limited ports (the Canton factories). This changed abruptly after the Opium War in 1840, when China was forced to open five ports of entry to foreign commerce: (Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai). As Western powers forced the opening of China in a succession of wars and unequal treaties, the number of treaty ports opened to the outside world increased to 35 by 1895.[12] The idea of "commercial war", counterattacking the West commercial dominance, was put forward by thinkers such as Zheng Guanying in the 1870s, and began to be practiced in 1898, with the emergence of "self-opened commercial ports"[13] The earliest self-opened commercial port in China was the port of Sanduao in Ningde, Fujian, followed by Qinhuangdao and Yuezhou.[14] By the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 36 self-opened merchant ports spread throughout China, increasing to 52 in 1924, a number almost equal to the number of treaty ports:
The vagaries and hardships of the twentieth century meant that the number of open ports in China varied wildly as circumstances and governments changed. By 1978, there were only 51 ports of entry open to the outside world, including 18 water ports (17 on the coast and one on an inland waterway), eight air ports (seven international airports and one special airport), nine railroad ports, and 16 highway ports. Due to political reasons, most land ports were opened with socialist countries, and foreign trade was mainly in the form of barter and aid. In 1978, the volume of foreign trade goods entering and leaving the country through the Class I ports was 70.33 million tons, and the total value of import and export trade through the various types of ports was 20.64 billion US dollars, with 5,658,000 passengers entering and exiting the country, and a total of 325,000 ships, planes, trains, and cars).[15]
After the start of the reform and opening, and especially after Deng Xiaoping's southern tour, the Chinese government started opening a new wave of ports; between 1978 and 1993, 150 new national ports were opened, 50 new ports were opened in 1992 and 1993 alone. By 1993, there were 201 Class I ports in China, including 117 water transport ports (65 coastal and 52 inland waterway ports), 46 air transport ports, 12 railroad ports and 35 highway ports, and all the province-level entities in China, except for landlocked Qinghai and Ningxia, had open ports. In 1993, the volume of foreign trade cargo in and out of the Class I ports amounted to 305 million tons, and the total amount of import and export trade through all kinds of ports was 195.72 billion U.S. dollars, 95.68 million passengers entering and leaving the country, and 8.989 million ships, planes, trains, and cars.
In 2006, the State Council approved the opening of Xining Caojiapu Airport in Qinghai province to international flights, which opened a port of entry into the last of the 31 provincial-level entities in China. The whole of China was now for the first time literally open to the world. By 2016, China had a total of 305 national-level ports of entry officially open to the public, including 137 water transport ports (82 coastal and 55 in inland waterways), 73 air transport ports, 20 railroad ports, and 75 highway ports. In 2016, the total value of imported and exported cargo at ports nationwide was US$3,685,557 million. The Covid-19 pandemic closed or restricted most of those ports, but on 8 January 2023, all mainland China ports that had been closed due to the pandemic were opened again.[16] [17] [18]
As of 2016, the People's Republic of China had a total of 75 Class I highway PoEs, including 9 international ports of entry open to Hong Kong and Macao, and 64 international or bilateral ports to land-adjacent countries, in addition to 1 temporarily open PoE.
In 2016 statistics, the road port with the highest volume of import and export freight was Xinjiang's Khorgos Port of Entry, with an annual cargo volume of 25,575,568 tons, followed by Inner Mongolia's Ganq Mod Port of Entry with a cargo volume of 15,535,196 tons, and Guangdong's Huanggang Port, with a volume of 13,522,881 tons. The port with the largest number of passenger arrivals and departures was Gongbei Port in Guangdong, with 123,576,659 arrivals and departures per year, followed by Luohu Crossing in Guangdong with 81,231,123 arrivals and departures, and Shenzhen Bay Port also in Guangdong with 42,831,754 arrivals and departures; the port with the largest number of departures and arrivals among the ports not connected with Hong Kong and Macao was Ruili Port in Yunnan with 15,756,480 arrivals and departures, which was the fifth largest land port of entry overall in terms of number of arrivals and departures. The port with the largest number of inbound and outbound vehicles was Huanggang Port, with 8,452,162 vehicles, followed by Shenzhen Bay Port with 4,388,461 vehicles and Ruili Port with 3,975,104 vehicles.
The following countries do not have any ports of entry although they border China:
Xinjiang's Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County shares a border with Afghanistan, but no HPE has been opened between China and Afghanistan due to the need to build a road through the long and narrow Wakhan Corridor. Plans to open the Wakhjir Pass to traffic did emerge regularly throughout the last decades, but never came to fruition. Currently Karachukar Valley, on the Chinese side of the border, is closed to all outsiders, and only local herders cross the border.
Although Tibet shares a border with Bhutan, no HPE has been opened between China and Bhutan because the two countries do not have diplomatic relations yet.
Only one limited port of entry is opened, Burang. The political tensions between the two countries keep the access through other alternative routes, (like those through the Shipki La, Mana La, Nathu La, and Se La passes), usually limited to only locals.
As of 2016, the People's Republic of China had a total of 11 Class I border railway ports, and six Class I inland railway ports. These inland railway ports are mostly direct trains to Hong Kong. In addition there are fifteen inland ports that are temporarily open ports, all for the China Railway Express (aka Trans-Eurasia Logistics) trains. Huang Shengqiang, director of the State Ports Office of the GAC, explained that due to the definition given in the law, a port must have "direct entry and exit", so it is not possible to give inland railway stations full PoE status. Instead, in order to achieve the state policy of opening inland railway ports, they were made "temporary ports" with some restrictions. The next step will be amending and improving the legislation on ports of entry to cover inland areas.[64]
In 2016 statistics, the railway port with the highest import and export freight volume was the Manzhouli Railway Port in Inner Mongolia, with an annual volume of 13,957,721 tons, followed by the Erenhot Railway Port in Inner Mongolia, with 9,703,068 tons, and the Suifenhe Railway Port in Heilongjiang, with 8,875,453 tons. The largest number of passengers entering and leaving the country was at Guangzhou Railway Port in Guangdong, with 3,362,499, followed by 390,043 at Dongguan Railway Port in Guangdong and 184,700 at Suifenhe Railway Port in Heil
All international trains passing through these border crossings are subject to border control there.
| Province | Port of Entry | Railway Station | Coordinates | Counterpart Port | Opening Date | Inspection Code | Border Inspection Station | Customs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inner Mongolia | Manzhouli RPE | Manzhouli Station | 49.5894°N 117.4106°W |  Zabaikal'sk | 1989 | Manzhouli | Inner Mongolia BIS | Manzhouli Customs |
| Erenhot RPE | Erlian Station | 43.6715°N 111.9684°W |  Zamiin-Uud | 1956 | Erlian | Hohhot Customs | ||
| Ganq ModRPE* | Ganq Mod Station | 42.3663°N 107.613°W | Gashuun Sukhait | 2007[65] | Ganqimaodu | |||
| Ceke RPE | Ceke Station | 42.5738°N 101.3031°W | Shivee Khuren | 2003[66] | Ceke | |||
| Zhu'engadabuqi RPE | Zhu'engadabuqi Station | 45.756°N 116.3118°W | Erdenetsagaan | 1992[67] | Zhu'engadabuqi | |||
| Liaoning | Dandong RPE | Dandong Station | 40.1211°N 124.3825°W |  Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn | 1954 | Dandong | Liaoning BIS | Dalian Customs |
| Jilin | Ji'an RPE | Ji'an Station | 41.1339°N 126.1991°W | Manpo | 1954 | Ji'an | Jilin BIS | Changchun Customs |
| Tumen RPE | Tumen Station | 42.9614°N 129.8342°W | Namyang | 1954 | Tumen | |||
| Hunchun RPE | Hunchun South Station | 42.814°N 130.3919°W | 1998[68] | Hunchun | ||||
| Heilongjiang | Suifenhe RPE | Suifenhe Station | 44.4036°N 131.1294°W | Rassypnaya Pad' Station, Pogranichny | 1952 | Suifenhe | Heilongjiang BIS | Harbin Customs |
| Tongjiang RPE | Tonjiang Station | 47.7349°N 132.6351°W | Nizhneleninskoye | 2019 | ||||
| Guangxi | Pingxiang RPE | Pingxiang Station | 22.0816°N 106.7392°W |  Đồng Đăng | 1992 | Pingxiang | Guangxi BIS | Nanning Customs |
| Yunnan | Hekou RPE | Shanyao Station | 22.5322°N 103.9737°W | Lào Cai | 1953 | Hekou | Yunnan BIS | Kunming Customs |
| Mohan RPE | Mohan Station | 21.2454°N 101.7189°W |  Boten | 2021[69] | Mohan | |||
| Xinjiang | Alashankou RPE | Alashankou Station | 45.17°N 82.5712°W |  Dostyk | 1990 | Alashankou | Xinjiang BIS | Ürümqi Customs |
| Khorgas RPE | Khorgas Station | 44.1552°N 80.4569°W | Altynkol | 2014[70] | Huoergasi |
For inland railway ports, the immigration and customs clearance of China Railway Express trains from/to Europe is conducted for the moment at the national border (i.e. the border crossing ports of entry in the previous section). Inland railways stations do not have border inspection agencies yet. The exception is that the immigration and customs clearance of passenger trains to and from Hong Kong is conducted at the inland railway stations of either departure or arrival.
| Province | Port ofEntry | Station | Coordinates | Destination | Counterpart Station | Opening Date | Inspection Code | Border Inspection Station | Customs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing | Beijing RPE | Beijing West Station | 39.8933°N 116.315°W |  Hong Kong | Hung Hom Control Point | 2009 | Beijing Tielu | Beijing BIS | Beijing Customs | |
| Jilin | Changchun RPE | Xinglongshan Station | 43.958°N 125.3412°W | EU | － | 2016[71] | － | － | Changchun Customs | |
| Heilongjiang | Harbin RPE | Harbin West Station | 45.7596°N 126.6251°W | Russian Federation | － | 1996 | － | － | Harbin Customs | |
| Xiangfang Station | 45.7188°N 126.6741°W | EU | － | － | － | |||||
| Shanghai | Shanghai RPE | Shanghai Station | 31.2524°N 121.4516°W | Hong Kong | Hung Hom Control Point | 2009 | Shanghai Tielu | Shanghai BIS | Shanghai Customs | |
| Yangpu Station | 31.2893°N 121.5475°W | EU | － | － | － | |||||
| Luchaogang Station | 30.8771°N 121.8618°W | EU | － | － | － | |||||
| Zhejiang | Yiwu RPE | Yiwu West Station | 29.316°N 119.9719°W | EU | － | 2015[72] | － | － | Hangzhou Customs | |
| Jiangxi | Ganzhou RPE | Ganzhou Intl Container Station | 25.7042°N 114.8181°W | EU | － | 2016[73] | － | － | Nanchang Customs | |
| Henan | Zhengzhou RPE | Putian West Station | 34.7357°N 113.7162°W | EU | － | 1997 | － | － | Zhengzhou Customs | |
| Hubei | Wuhan RPE | Wuhan Railway Container Center Station | 30.6084°N 114.0664°W | EU | － | 2015 | － | － | Wuhan Customs | |
| Guangdong | Guangzhou RPE | Guangzhou East Station | 23.1529°N 113.3194°W | Hong Kong | Hung Hom Control Point | 1979 | Tianhe | Guangzhou BIS | Guangzhou Customs | |
| Dalang Station | 23.2442°N 113.2267°W | EU | － | － | － | |||||
| Dongguan RPE | Changping Station | 22.9859°N 114.0013°W | Hong Kong | Hung Hom Control Point | 1994 | Changping | Guangzhou BIS | Huangpu Customs | ||
| Shilong Intl Logistics Center | 23.1187°N 113.8441°W | EU | － | 2015[74] | － | － | ||||
| Guangzhou Shenzhen Hong Kong XRL RPE | Kowloon West Station | 22.3038°N 114.1658°W | Hong Kong | HSR Kowloon West Control Point | 2018[75] | Xijiulong | Shenzhen BIS | Shenzhen Customs | ||
| Chongqing | Chongqing RPE | Tuanjiecun Station | 29.6364°N 106.3822°W | EU | － | 2013[76] | － | － | Chongqing Customs | |
| Sichuan | Chengdu RPE | Chengxiang Station | 30.8406°N 104.3042°W | EU | － | 2014[77] | － | － | Chengdu Customs | |
| Shaanxi | Xi'an RPE | Xi'an Guojigang Station | 34.4083°N 109.0694°W | EU | － | 2014[78] | － | － | Xi'an Customs | |
| Gansu | Lanzhou RPE | Zhongchuan North Station | 36.4695°N 103.6162°W | EU | － | 2016[79] | － | － | Lanzhou Customs | |
| Yingchuanpu Station | 36.1252°N 103.6359°W | EU | ||||||||
| Xinjiang | Urumqi RPE | Ürümqi West Station | 43.8669°N 87.4214°W | EU | － | 2016[80] | － | － | Ürümqi Customs |
Note: italics mark a temporary port of entry
As of 2016, the People's Republic of China had 82 Type I seaports. According to 2016 statistics, the port with the largest import and export cargo volume was Qingdao Water Transport Port in Shandong, with an annual transport volume of 298,370,511 tons, followed by Tangshan Water Transport Port in Hebei with 294,365,760 tons, and Shanghai Water Transport Port with 276,327,246 tons.The port with the largest number of inbound and outbound passengers was the Shanghai Water Transport Port with 4,382,056 passengers, followed by the Guangdong Shekou Water Transport Port with 3,222,543 passengers and the Xiamen Water Transport Port of Entry with 2,251,615 passengers. The port with the largest number of inbound and outbound vessels is Guangdong Shekou Port of Entry with 60,023 vessels, followed by Shanghai Maritime Port with 25,551 vessels and Fujian Xiamen Water Port with 21,677 vessels.
| Province | PoE Name | Port Name | Open Port Areas | Coordinates | Opening Date | Inspection Code | Border Inspection Station | Customs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tianjin | Tianjin WPE | Port of Tianjin | Beijiang PA | 38.9797°N 117.768°W | 1860 | Dongjiang | Tianjin BIS | Tianjin Customs |
| Nanjiang PA | 38.9589°N 117.8026°W | Nanjiang | ||||||
| Dongjiang PA | 38.9979°N 117.7923°W | Dongjiang | ||||||
| Dagukou PA | 38.9442°N 117.7529°W | Donggang | ||||||
| Haihe PA | 39.0191°N 117.6126°W | Tianjin | ||||||
| Dagang PA | 38.7448°N 117.5934°W | Dagang | ||||||
| Gaoshaling PA | 38.881°N 117.694°W | Tanggu | ||||||
| Beitang PA[81] | 39.0872°N 117.7259°W | Beitang | ||||||
| Bozhong WPE | CNOOC Bohai Co offshore oil delivery point | Bozhong 28–1 | 1988 | Tianjin | ||||
| Bozhong 34-2/4 | ||||||||
| Bozhong 25-1-1/25-1S | ||||||||
| Hebei | Qinhuangdao WPE | Port of Qinhuangdao | Unconfirmed | 1898 | Xigang (Qinhuangdao) Donggang (Qinhuangdao) | Hebei BIS | Shijiazhuang Customs | |
| Tangshan WPE | Port of Tangshan | Jingtang PA | 1992[82] | Tangshan | ||||
| Caofeidian PA[83] | Caofeidian | |||||||
| Huanghua WPE | Port of Huanghua | Unconfirmed | 2002 | Huanghua | ||||
| Liaoning | Dalian WPE | Port of Dalian | Dagang PA | 38.9736°N 121.6588°W | 1960 | Dalian | Liaoning BIS | Dalian Customs |
| Dalianwan PA | 39.015°N 121.746°W | Dalianwan | ||||||
| Dayaowan PA | 39.0102°N 121.8649°W | Dalian Dayaowan | ||||||
| Nianyuwang PA | 38.9772°N 121.8931°W | |||||||
| Dagushan Nan PA | 38.9462°N 121.8534°W | Dalian | ||||||
| Dagushan Xi PA | 38.9775°N 121.8101°W | |||||||
| Lushun Xingang TPoE | Lushun Xingang PA[84] | 38.8084°N 121.1385°W | 2006[85] | Dalian Xingang substation | ||||
| Zhuanghe WPE | Zhuanghe PA[86] | 39.6052°N 122.9597°W | 2007[87] | Dalian Zhuanghe | ||||
| Changxingdao WPE | Changxingdao PA[88] | 39.5063°N 121.2702°W | 2011[89] | Changxingdao | ||||
| Yingkou WPE | Port of Yingkou | Yingkou PA | 1984 | Yingkou | ||||
| Bayuquan PA | Yingkou Bayuquan | |||||||
| Xianrendao PA | ||||||||
| Panjin WPE | Port of Panjin | Unconfirmed | 40.6889°N 122.0071°W | 2015[90] | Panjingang | |||
| Dandong WPE | Port of Dandong | Dadong PA | 1985[91] | Dandonggang | ||||
| Langtou PA | ||||||||
| Jinzhou WPE | Port of Jinzhou | Unconfirmed | 1989[92] | Jinzhou | Shenyang Customs | |||
| Huludao WPE | Port of Huludao | Liutaogou PA Suizhong PA | 1999[93] | Huludao | ||||
| Shanghai | Shanghai WPE | Port of Shanghai | Luojing PA | 1842 | Wusong | Shanghai BIS | Shanghai Customs | |
| Wusong PA | ||||||||
| Waigaoqiao PA | Waigaoqiao | |||||||
| Yangshan Deepwater PA | Yangshan | |||||||
| Chemical Industry PA | Jinshan | |||||||
| Jiangsu | Lianyungang WPE | Port of Lianyungang | Lianyun PA | 34.7426°N 119.418°W | 1956 | Lianyungang | Jiangsu BIS | Nanjing Customs |
| Ganyu PA | 35.0372°N 119.2868°W | |||||||
| Xuwei PA | 34.6138°N 119.5508°W | |||||||
| Guanhe PA[94] | 34.4796°N 119.7868°W | |||||||
| Dafeng WPE | Port of Yancheng | Dafeng PA | 2006 | Yancheng | ||||
| Yancheng WPE | Binghai PA[95] | 2017[96] | ||||||
| Rudong WPE | Port of Nantong | Yangkou PA[97] | 2014[98] | Nantong | ||||
| Qidong WPE | Lusi PA | |||||||
| Zhejiang | Ningbo WPE | Port of Ningbo-Zhoushan | Yongjiang PA | 29.9537°N 121.7245°W | 1979 | Ningbo | Zhejiang BIS | Ningbo Customs |
| Zhenhai PA | 29.9754°N 121.7417°W | |||||||
| Beilun PA | 29.929°N 121.8713°W | |||||||
| Daxie PA | 29.8882°N 121.9604°W | |||||||
| Meishan PA | 29.7734°N 122.0026°W | |||||||
| Chuanshan PA | 29.8832°N 122.0508°W | |||||||
| Shipu PA | 29.1922°N 121.917°W | |||||||
| Zhoushan WPE | Dinghai PA | 30.0091°N 122.0992°W | 1986[99] | Zhoushan | Hangzhou Customs | |||
| Cenggang PA | 30.0636°N 121.9759°W | |||||||
| Ma'ao PA | 30.1561°N 122.0974°W | |||||||
| Baiquan PA | 30.1081°N 122.2048°W | |||||||
| Jintang PA | 29.9341°N 121.9311°W | |||||||
| Shenjiamen PA | 29.9232°N 122.3283°W | |||||||
| Liuheng PA | 29.7514°N 122.1367°W | |||||||
| Daishan PA | 30.2316°N 122.2332°W | |||||||
| Qushan PA | 30.2668°N 122.2578°W | |||||||
| Shengsi PA | 30.7465°N 122.4476°W | |||||||
| Wenzhou WPE | Port of Wenzhou | Zhuangyuan'ao PA | 27.8943°N 121.1179°W | 1957 | Wenzhou | |||
| Oujiang PA | 27.9685°N 120.7969°W | |||||||
| Taizhou WPE | Port of Taizhou | Haimen PA | 28.6842°N 121.4538°W | 1989 | Taizhou | |||
| Damaiyu PA | 28.0884°N 121.1413°W | |||||||
| Jiantiao PA | 29.0444°N 121.6422°W | |||||||
| Jiaxing WPE | Port of Jiaxing | Zhapu PA | 30.5851°N 121.0836°W | 1996 | Jiaxing | |||
| Dushan PA | 30.6879°N 121.259°W | |||||||
| Haiyan PA | 30.4982°N 120.9423°W | |||||||
| Fujian | Fuzhou WPE | Port of Fuzhou[100] | Minjiangkou PA | 26.0001°N 119.4872°W | 1842 | Fuzhou | Xiamen BIS | Fuzhou Customs |
| Songxia PA | 25.6873°N 119.5772°W | Fuzhou Airport | ||||||
| Jiangyin PA | 25.4166°N 119.2873°W | Fuqing | ||||||
| Luoyuanwan PA[101] | 26.3879°N 119.7779°W | Fuzhou | ||||||
| Pingtan WPE | Pingtan PA | 25.4497°N 119.6792°W | 2014[102] | Pingtan | ||||
| Ningde WPE | Sandu'ao PA | 26.7447°N 119.6365°W | 1993[103] | Ningde | ||||
| Sansha PA[104] | 26.7915°N 119.7151°W | |||||||
| Putian WPE | Port of Putian | Xiuyu PA | 25.2135°N 118.9906°W | 1995[105] | Putian | |||
| Dongwu PA[106] [107] | 25.1435°N 119.0288°W | |||||||
| Quanzhou WPE | Port of Quanzhou | Xiaocuo PA | 25.203°N 118.9644°W | 1981 | Xiaocuo | Xiamen Customs | ||
| Douwei PA | 25.0568°N 119.0062°W | |||||||
| Quanzhouwan PA | 24.8163°N 118.7217°W | |||||||
| Weitouwan PA | 24.5174°N 118.5685°W | Quanzhou | ||||||
| Shenhuwan PA | 24.6329°N 118.681°W | |||||||
| Zhangzhou WPE | Port of Xiamen[108] | Shima PA | 24.4281°N 117.8445°W | 1991[109] | Zhangzhou | |||
| Zhaoyin PA | 24.4105°N 118.0558°W | |||||||
| Houshi PA | 24.3077°N 118.1322°W | |||||||
| Dongshan PA | 23.7551°N 117.4951°W | |||||||
| Gulei PA | 23.7687°N 117.5824°W | |||||||
| Yunxiao PA | 23.827°N 117.4951°W | |||||||
| Xiamen WPE | Dongdu PA | 24.5116°N 118.0802°W | 1842 | Dongdu | ||||
| Haicang PA | 24.4536°N 117.9774°W | Haicang | ||||||
| Songyu PA | 24.4423°N 118.0392°W | |||||||
| Liuwudian PA | 24.5729°N 118.1898°W | Dongdu | ||||||
| Keyun PA[110] | 24.533°N 118.1886°W | Gaoqi[111] | ||||||
| Shandong | Qingdao WPE | Port of Qingdao | Laogang PA | 36.0957°N 120.3209°W | 1953 | Qingdao | Shandong BIS | Qingdao Customs |
| Qianwan PA | ||||||||
| Huangdaoyou PA | 36.0468°N 120.2267°W | Yougang（原黄岛） | ||||||
| Dongjiakou WPE | Dongjiakou PA | 2016[112] | Qingdao | |||||
| Yantai WPE | Port of Yantai | Zhifuwan PA | 37.5567°N 121.3868°W | 1953 | Yantai | |||
| Xi PA | 37.7049°N 121.088°W | |||||||
| Haiyang PA | 36.6834°N 121.2387°W | |||||||
| Muping PA | 37.4406°N 121.5798°W | |||||||
| Longkou WPE | Longkou PA | 37.6482°N 120.2863°W | 1984 | Longkou | ||||
| Penglai WPE | Penglaidong PA | 37.8278°N 120.7404°W | 1996 | Penglai | ||||
| Luanjiakou PA | 37.7779°N 120.6324°W | |||||||
| Laizhou WPE | Laizhou PA | 37.4185°N 119.9532°W | 1996 | Laizhou | ||||
| Weihai WPE | Port of Weihai | Weihaiwan PA | 37.446°N 122.1951°W | 1984 | Weihai | |||
| Shidao WPE | Shidao PA | 36.8896°N 122.4377°W | 1988[113] | Shidao | ||||
| Longyan WPE | Longyanwan PA | 37.4198°N 122.6358°W | 1999 | Longyangang | ||||
| Rizhao WPE | Port of Rizhao | Lanshan PA[114] | 35.0997°N 119.381°W | 1986[115] | Rizhao | |||
| Shijiu PA | 35.3597°N 119.5325°W | |||||||
| Dongying WPE | Port of Dongying | Dongying PA | 38.0941°N 118.9643°W | 1995[116] | Dongying | Jinan Customs | ||
| Weifang WPE | Port of Weifang | Unconfirmed | 37.2372°N 119.1821°W | 2007 | Weifang | |||
| Binzhou WPE | Port of Binzhou | Unconfirmed | 38.2952°N 118.1243°W | 2017 | Binzhou | |||
| Guangdong | Guangzhou WPE | Port of Guangzhou | Neigang PA | 1963[117] | Zhoutouzui | Guangzhou BIS | Guangzhou Customs | |
| Huangpu PA | 23.0905°N 113.4662°W | Huangpu | Huangpu Customs | |||||
| Xinsha PA | 23.0116°N 113.5304°W | Xinsha | ||||||
| Nansha PA | 22.6482°N 113.6777°W | Nansha | Guangzhou Customs | |||||
| Zhujiangkou Anchorage[118] | 22.6524°N 113.7013°W | —— | ||||||
| Nansha WPE | Nansha Passenger Wharf | 22.7729°N 113.6074°W | 1992 | Nansha | ||||
| Lianhuashan WPE | Lianhuashan Passenger Wharf | 22.9705°N 113.5027°W | 1985[119] | Lianhuashan | ||||
| Pazhou WPE | Pazhou HK/Macao Wharf | 23.1069°N 113.3621°W | 2023[120] | Zhoutouzui | ||||
| Yantian Wharves WPE | Yantian PA | 22.5707°N 114.2596°W | 1990[121] | Yantian | Shenzhen BIS | Shenzhen Customs | ||
| Xiadong PA | 22.6144°N 114.3872°W | |||||||
| Guangdong Dapeng LNG Wharf | 22.5764°N 114.4357°W | |||||||
| Shenzhen LNG Wharf | 22.5883°N 114.4303°W | |||||||
| Shenzhen Dachanwan WPE | Dachanwan PA | 22.5389°N 113.8545°W | 2009[122] | Dachanwan | ||||
| Daya Bay Special Wharf WPE | Daya Bay Nuclear Plant Wharf | 22.5922°N 114.5457°W | 1985 | Yantian | ||||
| Xichong WPE# | Xiyong Resort | 22.6086°N 114.3568°W | 1983 | —— | ||||
| Meisha WPE# | Meisha Leisure Area | 22.5981°N 114.3093°W | 1984 | —— | ||||
| Shekou Industrial Area WPE | CMPH Wharf | 22.4689°N 113.9029°W | 1981 | Shekou | ||||
| Shekou Container Wharf | 22.4543°N 113.892°W | |||||||
| Taiziwan Cruise Center | 22.4714°N 113.9089°W | |||||||
| Youlian Shipyard Wharf | 22.4582°N 113.8874°W | |||||||
| Chiwan Wharf WPE | Chiwan Wharf | 22.4727°N 113.8784°W | 1984 | |||||
| Mawan Wharf WPE | Mawan Wharf | 22.4913°N 113.8667°W | 1990 | |||||
| Dongjiaotou WPE | Dongjiaotou Wharf | 22.4838°N 113.9359°W | 1987 | |||||
| Fuyong WPE | (Shenzhen Airport) | Fuyong Wharf | 22.6032°N 113.8096°W | 1992[123] | Shenzhen Airport | |||
| Huizhou WPE | Port of Huizhou | Quanwan PA | 22.692°N 114.5686°W | 1993[124] | Huizhou | |||
| Dongma PA | 22.7453°N 114.612°W | |||||||
| Bijia PA | 22.6027°N 114.7433°W | |||||||
| Yapojiao PA | 22.7852°N 114.7225°W | |||||||
| Humen WPE | Port of Dongguan | Machong PA | 23.0504°N 113.5941°W | 1997[125] | Dongguan | Guangzhou BIS | Huangpu Customs | |
| Shatian PA | 22.8975°N 113.5869°W | |||||||
| Shajiao PA | 22.7653°N 113.6596°W | |||||||
| Chang'an PA | 22.7446°N 113.6857°W | |||||||
| Shanwei WPE | Port of Shanwei | Shanwei PA | 22.7797°N 115.344°W | 1988 | Shanwei | Shenzhen BIS | Shantou Customs | |
| Honghaiwan PA[126] | 22.749646°115.043958° | |||||||
| Chaozhou WPE | Port of Chaozhou | Sanbaimen PA | 23.611°N 116.9719°W | 1994[127] | Chaozhou | |||
| Jinshiwan PA | 23.5599°N 117.0976°W | |||||||
| Jieyang WPE | Port of Jieyang | Shenquan PA | 22.9321°N 116.3724°W | 2010[128] | 惠来 | |||
| Shantou WPE | Port of Shantou | Unconfirmed | 23.3513°N 116.7221°W | 1860 | Shantou | |||
| Chaoyang WPE | Haimen PA | 23.1629°N 116.6391°W | 1996[129] | Chaoyang | ||||
| Nan'ao WPE | Nan'ao PA | 23.4598°N 116.9726°W | 1993[130] | Longhu | ||||
| Zhuhai WPE | Port of Zhuhai | Xiangzhou PA | 22.2842°N 113.5839°W | 1994 | Gaolan | Zhuhai BIS | Gongbei Customs | |
| Gaolan PA | 21.947°N 113.23°W | |||||||
| Jiuzhou WPE | Jiuzhou PA | 22.2422°N 113.5857°W | 1981 | Jiuzhou | ||||
| Wanshan WPE | Wanshan PA | 1995 | Wanshan | |||||
| Wanzai Ferry WPE | Wanzai PA | 22.193°N 113.5284°W | 1984 | Wanzai | ||||
| Jiangmen WPE | Port of Jiangmen | Jiangmen PA | 1996[131] | Jiangmen | Jiangmen Customs | |||
| Hk/Macau Passenger Wharf | 22.5834°N 113.1723°W | |||||||
| Gaoshagang WPE | Gaosha PA | 1995 | Gaosha | |||||
| Shajinheng WPE | Jianghai PA | 1988 | Jianghai | |||||
| Shajinheng Industrial Park | ||||||||
| Yinzhouhu WPE | Yinzhouhu PA | 22.2819°N 113.0754°W | 1999 | Yinzhouhu | ||||
| Guangmei WPE | Port of Jiangmen | Guanghaiwan PA | 21.9672°N 112.8191°W | 1985[132] | Taishan | |||
| Yangjiang WPE | Port of Yangjiang | Hailingwan PA | 21.6884°N 111.8231°W | 1993[133] | Yangjiang | |||
| Zhanjiang WPE | Port of Zhanjiang | Xiashan PA | 21.1641°N 110.4041°W | 1956[134] | Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang Customs | ||
| Diaoshun PA | 21.3015°N 110.4158°W | |||||||
| Xiahai PA | 21.2366°N 110.4212°W | |||||||
| Baoman PA | 21.135°N 110.3928°W | |||||||
| Donghaidao PA | 21.0689°N 110.4923°W | |||||||
| Maoming WPE | Port of Maoming | Shuidong PA | 21.477°N 111.0735°W | 1988[135] | Maoming | |||
| Guangxi | Beihai WPE | Port of Beibu Gulf | Shibuling PA | 21.4728°N 109.0613°W | 1950 | Beihai | Guangxi BIS | Nanning Customs |
| Tieshangangxi PA | 21.4876°N 109.5527°W | |||||||
| Tieshangangdong PA | ||||||||
| Weizhoudao[136] | ||||||||
| Shitoubu WPE | Tieshangangdong PA | 21.588°N 109.5796°W | 1994 | 石头埠 | ||||
| Qinzhou WPE | Longmen PA | 21.7037°N 108.6045°W | 1994[137] | Qinzhou | ||||
| Jingu PA | 21.7261°N 108.5958°W | |||||||
| Dalangping PA | 21.6772°N 108.6418°W | |||||||
| Fangchenggang WPE | Yuman PA | 21.5837°N 108.3344°W | 1983 | Fangcheng | ||||
| Qishaxi PA | 21.5573°N 108.3752°W | |||||||
| Jiangshan Bandao[138] | ||||||||
| Hainan | Haikou WPE | Port of Haikou | Xiuying PA | 20.033°N 110.2829°W | 1957[139] | Xiuying | Haikou BIS | Haikou Customs |
| Macun PA | 19.9565°N 110.0172°W | Macun | ||||||
| Sanya WPE | Port of Sanya | Sanya PA | 18.235°N 109.4993°W | 1984 | Sanya | |||
| Nanshan PA | 18.3173°N 109.1435°W | |||||||
| Qinglan WPE | Port of Qinglan | Qinglan PA[140] | 19.5498°N 110.8311°W | 1996[141] | Qinglan | |||
| Yangpu WPE | Port of Yangpu | Yangpu PA | 19.7269°N 109.2082°W | 1990 | Yangpu | |||
| Shentou PA[142] | 19.7664°N 109.1637°W | |||||||
| Basuo WPE | Port of Basuo | First PA | 19.1012°N 108.6261°W | 1988 | Basuo | |||
| Second PA | 19.061°N 108.629°W |
Note: Italics mark temporary ports of entry, a “#” sign marks that the WPE only accepts ships with Chinese flags.
As of 2016, the People's Republic of China has a total of 44 Class I river ports and 11 Class I boundary river ports on the Songhua, Heilongjiang, Ussuri, Yangtze, Pearl, and Lancang rivers. Boundary river ports between China and Russia utilize ship transportation during the clear water period, and road transportation during the ice closure period.
In 2016 statistics, the river port with the largest volume of import and export freight was Zhangjiagang Water Transport Port in Jiangsu, with an annual volume of 76,256,569 tons, followed by Taicang Waterway Port in Jiangsu with 62,180,070 tons and Nantong Waterway Port with 51,403,683 tons, also in Jiangsu. The river port with the largest number of people entering and leaving the country was Guangdong's Zhongshan Water Transportation Port with 1,339,634 person-times, followed by Heilongjiang's Heihe WPE with 718,521 person-times and Guangdong's Shunde WPE with 632,295 person-times. The port with the largest number of inbound and outbound vehicles was Zhongshan Port with 20,071 trips, followed by Shunde with 10,819 trips, and Heihe with 8,523 trips, in addition to having 31,959 vehicles entering and exiting the country during the ice closure period.
| Province | PoE Name | Port Name | Opened Port Areas | Coordinates | Da'an WPE| Port of Da'an | Da'an PA | 1990[143] | Tai'an | Jilin BIS | Changchun Customs | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heilongjiang | Harbin WPE | Port of Harbin | Unconfirmed | 1989 | Harbin Gangkou | Heilongjiang BIS | Harbin Customs | |||||
| Jiamusi WPE | Port of Jiamusi | Jiamusi PA | 1989 | Jiamusi | ||||||||
| Huachuan WPE | Huachuan PA[144] | 1994[145] | Huachuangang | |||||||||
| Fujin WPE | Fujin PA | 1989 | Fujin | |||||||||
| Suibin WPE | Port of Suibin | Suibin PA | 1995 | Suibin | ||||||||
| Jiangsu | Nanjing WPE | Port of Nanjing | Unconfirmed | 32.1179°N 118.7563°W | 1986[146] | Nanjinggang | Jiangsu BIS | Nanjing Customs | ||||
| Nantong WPE | Port of Nantong | Unconfirmed | 31.9913°N 120.837°W | 1982[147] | Nantong | |||||||
| Rugao WPE | Rugao PA | 32.0631°N 120.5379°W | 2008[148] | Rugao | ||||||||
| Zhangjiagang WPE | Port of Suzhou | Zhangjiagang PA | 31.9669°N 120.4168°W | 1982 | Zhanjiagang | |||||||
| Taicang WPE | Taicang PA | 31.6338°N 121.2288°W | 1995 | Taicang | ||||||||
| Changshu WPE | Changshu PA | 31.7455°N 121.0227°W | 1995 | Changshu | ||||||||
| Zhenjiang WPE | Port of Zhenjiang | Unconfirmed | 32.1894°N 119.6256°W | 1986[149] | Zhenjiang | |||||||
| Jiangyin WPE | Port of Jiangyin | Unconfirmed | 31.9238°N 120.2302°W | 1992[150] | Jiangyin | |||||||
| Yangzhou WPE | Port of Yangzhou | Liuwei PA | 32.3365°N 119.684°W | 1992[151] | Yangzhou | |||||||
| Jiangdu PA | 32.3244°N 119.7347°W | |||||||||||
| Yizheng PA | 32.2518°N 119.1422°W | |||||||||||
| Taizhou WPE | Port of Taizhou | Gaogang PA | 32.2831°N 119.8675°W | 1992 | Taizhou | |||||||
| Taixing PA | 32.1293°N 119.9232°W | |||||||||||
| Jingjiang WPE | Jingjiang PA | 32.012°N 120.3595°W | 2012[152] | Jingjiang | ||||||||
| Changzhou WPE | Port of Changzhou | Unconfirmed | 31.9594°N 120.0024°W | 2001[153] | Changzhou | |||||||
| Anhui | Wuhu WPE | Port of Wuhu | Unconfirmed | 31.4002°N 118.3492°W | 1980 | Wuhu | Anhui BIS | Hefei Customs | ||||
| Tongling WPE | Port of Tongling | Unconfirmed | 30.8671°N 117.7347°W | 1993[154] | Tongling | |||||||
| Anqing WPE | Port of Anqing | Unconfirmed | 30.5043°N 117.0791°W | 1986 | Anqing | |||||||
| Ma'anshan WPE | Unconfirmed | 31.7362°N 118.4654°W | 1990[155] | Ma'anshan | ||||||||
| Chizhou WPE | Port of Chizhou | Unconfirmed | 30.7332°N 117.5382°W | 2005[156] | Chizhou | |||||||
| Jiangxi | Jiujiang WPE | Port of Jiujiang | Chengqu PA | 29.724°N 115.9678°W | 1980 | Jiujiang | Jiangxi BIS | Nanchang Customs | ||||
| Chengxi PA[157] | 29.7218°N 115.8902°W | |||||||||||
| Hubei | Wuhan WPE | Port of Wuhan | Yangluo PA | 30.6721°N 114.5438°W | 1992[158] | Hankou | Hubei BIS | Wuhan Customs | ||||
| Huashan PA | 30.5744°N 114.5774°W | |||||||||||
| Jinkou PA | 30.3786°N 114.1566°W | |||||||||||
| Hannan PA | 30.3253°N 114.0894°W | |||||||||||
| Huangzhou PA | 30.5117°N 114.8366°W | |||||||||||
| Sanjiang PA[159] | 30.5408°N 114.828°W | |||||||||||
| Huangshi WPE | Port of Huangshi | Qinpanzhou PA[160] | 30.2169°N 115.0894°W | 1993[161] | Huangshi | |||||||
| Hunan | Chenglingji WPE | Port of Yueyang | Chenglingji PA | 29.4736°N 113.1771°W | 1996[162] | Yueyang | Hunan BIS | Changsha Customs | ||||
| Guangdong | Xintang WPE | — | Zengcheng Xintangang PA | 23.1065°N 113.5991°W | 1995 | Xintang | Guangzhou BIS | Huangpu Customs | ||||
| Doumen WPE# | Port of Zhuhai | Doumen PA | 22.2734°N 113.3292°W | 1987[163] | Doumen | Zhuhai BIS | Gongbei Customs | |||||
| Zhongshan WPE | Port of Zhongshan | Zhongshan PA | 1984 | Zhongshan | ||||||||
| Shenwan PA | 22.3041°N 113.3231°W | |||||||||||
| Xiaolan PA | 22.6685°N 113.262°W | |||||||||||
| Huangpu PA | 22.7423°N 113.4026°W | |||||||||||
| Nanhai WPE# | Port of Foshan | Nanhai PA | 23.0413°N 113.2107°W | 1985 | Nanhai | Guangzhou BIS | Guangzhou Customs | |||||
| Rongqi WPE# | Shunde PA | 22.8066°N 113.3353°W | 1986[164] | Shunde | ||||||||
| Gaoming WPE# | Gaoming PA | 22.8716°N 112.9063°W | 1992[165] | Gaoming | ||||||||
| Zhaoqing WPE# | Port of Zhaoqing | Unconfirmed | 23.1856°N 112.6395°W | 1982 | Zhaoqing | |||||||
| Jiangmen WPE# | Port of Jiangmen | Zhucheng PA | 1981 | Jiangmen | Zhuhai BIS | Jiangmen Customs | ||||||
| Xinhui WPE | Xinhui PA | 1992 | Xinhui | |||||||||
| Heshan WPE# | Heshan PA | 1988[166] | Heshan | |||||||||
| Sanbu WPE# | Kaiping PA | 1982 | Kaiping | |||||||||
| Guangxi | Wuzhou WPE# | Port of Wuzhou | Zhongxin PA | 1982 | Wuzhou | Guangxi BIS | Nanning Customs | |||||
| Tengxian PA | ||||||||||||
| Guigang WPE# | Port of Guigang | Zhongxin PA | 1992[167] | Guigang | ||||||||
| Liuzhou WPE# | Port of Liuzhou | Zhongxincheng PA | 1988[168] | Liuzhou | ||||||||
| Chongqing | Chongqing WPE# | Unconfirmed | 2010 | Unconfirmed | Chongqing BIS | Chongqing Customs | ||||||
| Sichuan | Yibin WPE | Port of Yibin | Cuibai PA | 2018[169] | Sichuan BIS | Chengdu Customs | ||||||
| Luzhou WPE | Port of Luzhou | Longjiang PA | 2018[170] | |||||||||
| Yunnan | Jinghong WPE | Jinghong PA | 1993[171] | Jinghonggang | Yunnan BIS | Kunming Customs | ||||||
| Guanlei PA | ||||||||||||
| Menghan PA[172] | ||||||||||||
| Simao WPE | Port of Simao | Simao PA | 1993 | Simaogang |
Note: Italics mark a temporary port, "#" marks a restricted port that only allows Chinese-flagged vessels.
| Province | PoE Name | Port name | Open Port Areas | Coordinates | Counterpart Port | Opening year | Inspection Code | Border Inspection Station | Customs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jilin | Laohushao WPE | Laohushao Power Station | — | Wiwon | 1949 | Laohushao | Jilin BIS | Changchun Customs | |
| Heilongjiang | Fuyuan WPE | Port of Jiamushi | Fuyuan PA | Khabarovsk | 1992[173] | Fuyuan | Heilongjiang BIS | Harbin Customs | |
| Tongjiang WPE | Tongjiang PA | Nizhneleninskoye | 1986[174] | Tongjiang | |||||
| Luobei WPE | Port of Luobei | Luobei PA | Amurzet | 1989[175] | Luobei | ||||
| Jiayin WPE | Port of Jiayin | Jiayin PA | Pashkovo | 1989 | Jiayin | ||||
| Heihe WPE | Port of Heihe | Heihe PA | Blagoveshchensk | 1982 | Heihe | ||||
| Xunke WPE | Xunke PA | Poyarkovo | 1989[176] | Xunke | |||||
| Sunwu WPE | Sunwu PA | Konstantinovka | 1993[177] | Sunwu | |||||
| Huma WPE[178] | Port of Huma | Huma PA | Ushakovo | 1993[179] | Huma | ||||
| Mohe WPE[180] | Port of Mohe | Mohe PA | Dzhalinda | 1989 | Mohe | ||||
| Raohe WPE | Port of Raohe | Raohe PA | Pokrovka | 1989 | Raohe |
Air Transportation Ports of Entry (APE), also known as Aviation Ports of Entry, are categorized into two types: Class I aviation ports, open to all airlines, and Restricted (限制类) Class I aviation ports, open only to aircraft flying the Chinese flag. According to the "Regulations of the State Council on the Opening of Ports of Entry", issued on 18 September 1985, the opening of an Air Transport Port of Entry must always be subject to State Council approval.[181]
According to the requirements of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), to officially become an "international airport", the airport must meet the requirements of a port of entry, meet the requirements to allow the flight of foreign airplanes, and the acceptance of the joint inspection facilities by the State Port Administration Office.[182] As of January 12, 2024, the People's Republic of China has a total of 83 Class I APE (adding up to 86 actual airports),[183] including 60 official international airports, 16 international airports that have not yet been named as such, 4 airports with restricted access, and 6 airports that have not yet passed the acceptance for a port of entry. There are also 18 temporarily open aviation ports, and in emergencies, ports may be open exceptionally: Guanghan Airport, which is not a civil transportation airport, was temporarily opened to the public during the Wenchuan earthquake relief efforts.[184]
In 2016 statistics, the port with the largest number of arrivals and departures was the Shanghai Air Transport Port, with an annual volume of 37,927,468 passengers, followed by the Beijing Air Transportation Port with 24,252,289 passengers, and the Guangdong Guangzhou Air Transport Port with 13,219,779 passengers. The port with the largest volume of import and export cargo was the Shanghai APE, with 4,746,330 tons, followed by the Beijing APE with 1,853,736 tons, and the Guangzhou APE in Guangdong Province with 1,631,938 tons. The largest number of inbound/outbound flights was at the Shanghai APE with 234,047, followed by 131,483 at the Beijing APE, and 93,616 at the Guangzhou APE in Guangdong Province.
| Province | PoE Name | Established | Airport Name | Coordinates | Airport Type | Border Inspection Station | Customs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing | Beijing APE | 1954[185] & 2019[186] | Beijing Capital Intl Airport | 40.0753°N 116.6064°W | Intl Airport | Beijing BIS | Beijing Customs |
| Beijing Daxing Intl Airport | 39.5091°N 116.4106°W | Intl Airport | |||||
| Tianjin | Tianjin APE | 1981[187] | Tianjin Binhai Intl Airport | 39.1298°N 117.3565°W | Intl Airport | Tianjin BIS | Tianjin Customs |
| Hebei | Shijiazhuang APE | 1995[188] | Shijiazhuang Zhengding Intl Airport | 38.2809°N 114.6871°W | Intl Airport | Hebei BIS | Shijiazhuang Customs |
| - | 2007[189] | Qinhuangdao Beidaihe Airport | 39.6618°N 119.0585°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Shanxi | Taiyuan APE | 1993[190] | Taiyuan Wusu Intl Airport | 37.7537°N 112.6295°W | Intl Airport | Shanxi BIS | Taiyuan Customs |
| Datong APE | 2019 | Datong Yungang Airport | 40.0565°N 113.4801°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Yuncheng APE | 2020[191] | Yuncheng Zhangxiao Airport | 35.1137°N 111.0364°W | Intl Airport | |||
| - | 2019[192] | Xinzhou Wutaishan Airport | 38.5972°N 112.9815°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Inner Mongolia | Hohhot APE | 1991[193] | Hohhot Baita Intl Airport | 40.8541°N 111.8146°W | Intl Airport | Inner Mongolia BIS | Hohhot Customs |
| Ordos APE | 2016[194] | Ordos Ejin Horo Intl Airport | 39.4989°N 109.861°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Erenhot APE | 2021[195] | Erenhot Saiwusu Airport | 43.427°N 112.0964°W | Pending acceptance | |||
| Baotou APE | 2019 | Baotou Donghe Airport | 40.5649°N 109.9964°W | Intl Airport | |||
| - | 2019[196] | Ulanqab Jining Airport | 41.1266°N 113.1103°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Manzhouli APE | 2009[197] | Manzhouli Xijiao Airport | 49.5703°N 117.3285°W | Intl Airport | Manzhouli Customs | ||
| Hailar APE | 1993[198] | Hulunbuir Hailar Airport | 49.2107°N 119.8191°W | Intl Airport | |||
| - | 2015[199] | Arxan Yi'ershi Airport | 47.3075°N 119.9165°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Liaoning | Shenyang APE | 1959[200] | Shenyang Taoxian Intl Airport | 41.6307°N 123.4874°W | Intl Airport | Liaoning BIS | Shenyang Customs |
| - | 2013[201] | Jinzhou Jinzhouwan Airport | 40.931°N 121.2806°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Dalian APE | 1985[202] | Dalian Shoushuizi Intl Airport | 38.9656°N 121.5383°W | Intl Airport | Dalian Customs | ||
| - | 2007[203] | Dandong Langtou Airport | 40.03°N 124.2806°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Jilin | Changchun APE | 1992[204] | Changchun Longjia Intl Airport | 43.9908°N 125.6857°W | Intl Airport | Jilin BIS | Changchun Customs |
| Yanji APE | 2003[205] | Yanji Chaoyangchuan Intl Airport | 42.8848°N 129.4397°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Heilongjiang | Harbin APE | 1984[206] | Harbin Taiping Intl Airport | 45.6203°N 126.2347°W | Intl Airport | Heilongjiang BIS | Harbin Customs |
| Qiqihar APE | 1993[207] | Qiqihar Sanjiazi Airport | 47.2518°N 123.9174°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Mudanjiang APE | 1996 | Mudanjiang Hailang Intl Airport | 44.535042°129.581312° | Intl Airport | |||
| Jiamusi APE | 1992[208] | Jiamusi Dongjiao Airport | 46.8443°N 130.4563°W | Intl Airport | |||
| - | 1992[209] | Heihe Aihui Airport | 50.1781°N 127.3116°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| - | 2016[210] | Fuyuan Dongji Airport | 48.2028°N 134.3642°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Shanghai | Shanghai APE | 1963[211] &1999[212] | Shanghai Hongqiao Intl Airport | 31.1961°N 121.3242°W | Intl Airport | Shanghai BIS | Shanghai Customs |
| Shanghai Pudong Intl Airport | 31.1515°N 121.8018°W | Intl Airport | |||||
| Jiangsu | Nanjing APE | 1979[213] | Nanjing Lukou Intl Airport | 31.7323°N 118.8712°W | Intl Airport | Jiangsu BIS | Nanjing Customs |
| Xuzhou APE | 2008 | Xuzhou Guanyin Intl Airport | 34.0545°N 117.5527°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Yancheng APE | 2007[214] | Yancheng Nanyang Intl Airport | 33.433°N 120.2045°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Wuxi APE | 2008[215] | Wuxi Shuofang Airport | 31.5066°N 120.4293°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Changzhou APE | 2014 | Changzhou Benniu Intl Airport | 31.9133°N 119.7821°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Huaian APE | 2014[216] | Huaian Lianshui Intl Airport | 33.7886°N 119.1292°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Yangtai APE | 2015[217] | Yangzhou Taizhou Intl Airport | 32.5626°N 19.7137°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Nantong APE | 2015[218] | Nantong Xingdong Intl Airport | 32.0697°N 120.9743°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Lianyungang APE | 2015[219] | Lianyungang Huaguoshan Airport | 34.41°N 119.1843°W | Pending acceptance | |||
| Zhejiang | Hangzhou APE | 1979[220] | Hangzhou Xiaoshan Intl Airport | 30.2353°N 120.4266°W | Intl Airport | Zhejiang BIS | Hangzhou Customs |
| Wenzhou APE | 1994[221] | Wenzhou Longwan Intl Airport | 27.9083°N 120.844°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Yiwu APE | 2014[222] | Yiwu Airport | 29.3431°N 120.0279°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Zhoushan APE | 2018[223] | Zhoushan Putuoshan Airport | 29.9361°N 122.3574°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Ningbo APE | 1992[224] | Ningbo Lishe Intl Airport | 29.8221°N 121.4568°W | Intl Airport | Ningbo Customs | ||
| Anhui | Hefei APE | 1990[225] | Hefei Xinqiao Intl Airport | 31.989°N 116.9642°W | Intl Airport | Anhui BIS | Hefei Customs |
| Huangshan APE | 1992[226] | Huangshan Tunxi Intl Airport | 29.9361°N 118.2535°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Fujian | Fuzhou APE | 1982[227] | Fuzhou Changle Intl Airport | 25.9318°N 119.6683°W | Intl Airport | Xiamen BIS | Fuzhou Customs |
| Wuyishan APE | 1993[228] | Wuyishan Airport | 27.7082°N 117.9999°W | Restricted PoE | |||
| Quanzhou APE | 2009[229] | Quanzhou Jinjiang Intl Airport | 24.8032°N 118.588°W | Intl Airport | Xiamen Customs | ||
| Xiamen APE | 1983 | Xiamen Gaoqi Intl Airport | 24.5369°N 118.1266°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Jiangxi | Nanchang APE | 1990[230] | Nanchang Changbei Intl Airport | 28.8622°N 115.912°W | Intl Airport | Jiangxi BIS | Nanchang Customs |
| - | 2019[231] | Ganzhou Huangjin Airport | 25.8484°N 114.7815°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Shandong | Jinan APE | 1990[232] | Jinan Yaoqiang Intl Airport | 36.851°N 117.2073°W | Intl Airport | Shandong BIS | Jinan Customs |
| - | 2015[233] | Weifang Airport | 36.6409°N 119.1141°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Qingdao APE | 1988[234] | Qingdao Jiaodong Intl Airport | 36.361°N 120.0877°W | Intl Airport | Qingdao Customs | ||
| Yantai APE | 1992[235] | Yantai Penglai Intl Airport | 37.6571°N 120.9867°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Weihai APE | 2004 | Weihai Dashuipo Airport | 37.189°N 122.236°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Linyi APE | 2019 | Linyi Qiyang Airport | 35.043°N 118.4063°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Henan | Zhengzhou APE | 1988[236] | Zhengzhou Xinzheng Intl Airport | 34.5259°N 113.849°W | Intl Airport | Henan BIS | Zhengzhou Customs |
| Luoyang APE | 1992 | Luoyang Beijiao Airport | 34.7363°N 112.3866°W | Restricted PoE | |||
| Hubei | Wuhan APE | 1987[237] | Wuhan Tianhe Intl Airport | 30.7749°N 114.2137°W | Intl Airport | Hubei BIS | Wuhan Customs |
| Yichang APE | 2005[238] | Yichang Sanxia Airport | 30.5485°N 111.4811°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Enshi APE | 2023[239] | Enshi Xujiaping Airport | 30.323°N 109.4823°W | Pending acceptance | |||
| - | 2023[240] | Ezhou Huahu Airport | 30.3342°N 115.0379°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| - | 2019[241] | Xiangyang Liuji Airport | 32.1532°N 112.287°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Hunan | Changsha APE | 1990[242] | Changsha Huanghua Intl Airport | 28.1964°N 113.2142°W | Intl Airport | Hunan BIS | Changsha Customs |
| Zhangjiajie APE | 1997[243] | Zhangjiajie Hehua Intl Airport | 29.1074°N 110.4396°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Guangdong | Guangzhou APE | 1956[244] [245] | Guangzhou Baiyun Intl Airport | 23.3995°N 113.3007°W | Intl Airport | Guangzhou BIS | Guangzhou Customs |
| Shenzhen APE | 1992[246] | Shenzhen Baoan Intl Airport | 22.6273°N 113.8075°W | Intl Airport | Shenzhen BIS | Shenzhen Customs | |
| Jieyang APE | 1986[247] [248] | Jieyang Chaoshan Intl Airport | 23.5486°N 116.5093°W | Intl Airport | Shantou Customs | ||
| Meizhou APE | 1989 | Meizhou Meixian Airport | 24.2667°N 116.1044°W | Restricted PoE | |||
| Zhanjiang APE | 1987 | Zhanjiang Wuchuan Airport | 21.2145°N 110.3615°W | Intl Airport | Zhuhai BIS | Zhanjiang Customs | |
| - | 2009[249] | Zhuhai Jinwan Airport | 22.0113°N 113.3716°W | Temporary PoE | Gongbei Customs | ||
| Guangxi | Nanning APE | 1956 | Nanning Wuwei Intl Airport | 22.604°N 108.1814°W | Intl Airport | Guangxi BIS | Nanning Customs |
| Guilin APE | 1979[250] | Guilin Liangjiang Intl Airport | 25.2126°N 110.0458°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Beihai APE | 1993[251] | Beihai Fucheng Airport | 21.543°N 109.2887°W | Restricted PoE | |||
| - | 2018[252] | Liuzhou Bailian Airport | 24.2038°N 109.3995°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Hainan | Haikou APE | 1983[253] | Haikou Meilan Intl Airport | 19.9466°N 110.4572°W | Intl Airport | Haikou BIS | Haikou Customs |
| Sanya APE | 1983[254] | Sanya Fenghuang Intl Airport | 18.3091°N 109.4093°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Bo'ao APE | 2020 | Qionghai Boao Airport | 19.1415°N 110.458°W | Pending acceptance | |||
| Chongqing | Chongqing APE | 1987[255] | Chongqing Jiangbei Intl Airport | 29.7123°N 106.6521°W | Intl Airport | Chongqing BIS | Chongqing Customs |
| Wanzhou APE | 2022[256] | Wanzhou Wuqiao Airport | 30.7993°N 108.4285°W | Pending acceptance | |||
| Sichuan | Chengdu APE | 1981[257] &2021 | Chengdu Shuangliu Intl Airport | 30.5718°N 103.9533°W | Intl Airport | Sichuan BIS | Chengdu Customs |
| Chengdu Tianfu Intl Airport | 30.3141°N 104.4417°W | Intl Airport | |||||
| Guizhou | Guiyang APE | 1992[258] | Guiyang Longdongbao Intl Airport | 26.5459°N 106.796°W | Intl Airport | Guizhou BIS | Guiyang Customs |
| Zunyi APE | 2019 | Zunyi Xinzhou Airport | 27.8033°N 107.2493°W | Pending acceptance | |||
| - | 2018[259] | Tongren Fenghuang Airport | 27.8837°N 109.3044°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Yunnan | Kunming APE | 1955 | Kunming Changshui Intl Airport | 25.1°N 102.9274°W | Intl Airport | Yunnan BIS | KunmingCustoms |
| Xishuangbanna APE | 1995[260] | Xishuangbanna Gasa Intl Airport | 21.9776°N 100.7663°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Lijiang APE | 2011[261] | Lijiang Sanyi Intl Airport | 26.6699°N 100.2471°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Mangshi APE | 2016[262] | Dehong Manshi Intl Airport | 24.4053°N 98.5312°W | Intl Airport | |||
| - | 1962[263] | Pu'er Simao Airport | 22.7966°N 100.962°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Tibet | Lhasa APE | 1993[264] | Lhasa Gonggar Airport | 29.2926°N 90.8936°W | Intl Airport | Tibet BIS | Lhasa Customs |
| Shaanxi | Xi'an APE | 1981[265] | Xi'an Xiangyang Intl Airport | 34.4372°N 108.7558°W | Intl Airport | Shaanxi BIS | Xi'an Customs |
| - | 2018[266] | Yulin Yuyang Airport | 38.3645°N 109.5962°W | Temporary PoE | |||
| Gansu | Lanzhou APE | 1992[267] | Lanzhou Zhongchuan Intl Airport | 36.504°N 103.615°W | Intl Airport | Gansu BIS | Lanzhou Customs |
| Dunhuang APE | 2015[268] | Dunhuang Mogao Intl Airport | 40.1656°N 94.8057°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Qinghai | Xining APE | 2006[269] | Xining Caojiapu Intl Airport | 36.5244°N 102.0406°W | Intl Airport | Qinghai BIS | Xining Customs |
| Ningxia | Yinchuan APE | 2005[270] | Yinchuan Hedong Intl Airport | 38.3219°N 106.3836°W | Intl Airport | Ningxia BIS | Yinchuan Customs |
| Xinjiang | Ürümqi APE | 1973 | Ürümqi Diwopu Intl Airport | 43.9006°N 87.4713°W | Intl Airport | Xinjiang BIS | Ürümqi Customs |
| Kashgar APE | 1993[271] | Kashgar Laining Intl Airport | 39.5367°N 76.0115°W | Intl Airport | |||
| Yining APE | 2016 | Yining Airport | 43.9522°N 81.3314°W | Intl Airport | |||
| - | 2017[272] | Karamay Guhai Airport | 45.4673°N 84.9571°W | Temporary PoE |
Images of various ports of entry of China
Posto Fronteiriço das Portas do Cerco
