Demographics of the Czech Republic explained

Size Of Population: 10,900,555 (1 January 2024)[1]
Growth:0.004% (2020)[2]
Birth: 9.5 births/1,000 population (2022)
Death: 11.4 deaths/1,000 population (2022)
Life:79.3 years (2020)
Life Male:76.3 years (2020)
Life Female:82.4 years (2020)
Fertility: 1.45 children born/woman (2023)
Infant Mortality:2.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020)
Net Migration:2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020)
Age 0-14 Years: 15.9 % (2023)[3]
Age 15-64 Years: 63.6 % (2023)
Age 65 Years: 20.5 % (2023)
Total Mf Ratio:0.97 male(s)/female (2018)[4]
Nation:
  • noun: Czech(s)
  • adjective: Czech
Major Ethnic:Czech 64.3% (2011)
Minor Ethnic:
  • Moravian 5%
  • Slovak 1.4%
  • other 1.8%
  • unspecified 27.5%
  • (2011)
Official:Czech
Spoken:
  • Czech (official) 95.4%
  • Slovak 1.6%
  • other 3%
  • (2011 census)

Demographic features of the population of the Czech Republic include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, and religious affiliations.

Population

With an estimated population of 10,516,707 as of 2022, compared to 9.3 million at the beginning of the 20th century, the population growth of the Czech Republic has been limited, due to low fertility rates and loss of population in and around World Wars I and II. Population loss during World War I was approximately 350,000. At the beginning of World War II the population of the Czech Republic reached its maximum (11.2 million). Due to the expulsion of the German residents after World War II, the Czech Republic lost about 3 million inhabitants and in 1947 the population was only 8.8 million. Population growth resumed, and in 1994 the population was 10.33 million.

From 1994 to 2003 natural growth was slightly negative (−0.15% per year) and the population decreased to 10.2 million. Since 2005, natural growth has been positive, but in recent times the most important influence on the population of the Czech Republic has been immigration: approximately 300,000 during the 2010s.

[5]

Life expectancy

total population: 79.5 years. Country comparison to the world: 56th

male: 76.55 years

female: 82.61 years (2021 est.)Death rate

10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 23rd

Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[6]

PeriodLife expectancy
in years
1950–195566.86
1955–1960 69.59
1960–1965 70.35
1965–1970 69.99
1970–1975 70.04
1975–1980 70.64
1980–1985 70.78
1985–1990 71.46
1990–1995 72.50
1995–2000 74.23
2000–2005 75.54
2005–2010 76.98
2010–2015 78.17

| 2.4|}

Population density and urban areas

See main article: List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic.

NamePopulation (2021)[7] Area (km²)Region
1,335,084 496 Prague
382,405 230 South Moravian
284,982 214 Moravian-Silesian
175,219 138 Plzeň
104,261 106 Liberec
100,514 103 Olomouc

Age structure

2020
0–14 years:15.17% (male 834,447 /female 789,328)
15–24 years:9.2% (male 508,329 /female 475,846)
25–54 years:43.29% (male 2,382,899 /female 2,249,774)
55–64 years:12.12% (male 636,357 /female 660,748)
65 years and over:20.23% (male 907,255 /female 1,257,515)

Median age

Vital statistics

Source: Czech Demographic Handbook,[8] Czech Statistical Office – Data and time series[9]

Average population (Mid-year)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude population change (per 1000)Total fertility ratesMigration change[10] Induced abortions[11]
19009,333,853335,441231,190104,25135.424.411.14.85
19019,404,689330,411224,151106,26034.623.511.27.54.76
19029,474,876338,746225,686113,06035.223.511.87.44.68
19039,545,134323,257221,682101,57533.322.910.67.44.6
19049,615,027324,295225,81798,47833.223.110.27.34.52
19059,684,512305,183236,324 68,85931.024.17.17.24.44
19069,745,475318,287206,380111,90732.120.811.46.34.36
19079,824,544311,131214,30196,83031.221.49.88.04.27
19089,894,520313,417213,207100,21031.221.210.17.14.19
19099,964,789310,338213,33897,00030.621.19.77.14.11
191010,035,575300,362199,961100,40129.519.69.97.14.03
191110,099,152292,360208,05784,30328.620.48.36.33.92
191210,157,344283,527205,16578,36227.620.07.75.73.82
191310,221,343278,072192,33285,74026.918.68.36.33.71
191410,283,486257,265181,98175,28426.218.47.66.03.6
191510,285,882188,657193,900-5,24319.219.6-0.50.23.5
191610,221,815132,818179,796-46,97813.718.2-4.8-6.33.39
191710,128,304119,938182,554-62,61612.518.6-6.4-9.23.28
191810,004,335113,489227,729-114,24012.123.6-11.9-12.43.18
19199,921,710189,675177,42812,24719.117.91.2-8.33.07
19209,978,420244,668176,56268,10624.517.76.85.72.964
192110,002,030257,281161,32195,96025.716.19.62.43.035
192210,112,730248,728163,36685,36224.616.28.410.92.882-14,842
192310,198,370241,230142,33598,89523.714.09.78.42.768-10,930
192410,277,770228,894146,09882,79622.314.28.17.72.590-7,856
192510,369,760225,555146,45079,10521.814.17.68.92.484-8,720
192610,442,610219,802148,29871,50421.014.26.87.02.392-6,488
192710,495,940208,711155,47953,23219.914.85.15.12.237-5,501
192810,549,221208,942147,06461,87819.813.95.95.12.209-6,634
192910,597,761203,064155,49347,57119.214.74.54.62.124-5,440
193010,648,057207,224142,15965,06519.513.46.14.72.149-4,948
193110,702,208196,214144,53451,68018.313.54.85.12.026-3,105
193210,750,003190,397142,99747,40017.713.34.44.41.966-1,246
193310,791,313176,201140,90635,29516.313.13.33.81.826-211
193410,826,082171,042135,91435,12815.812.63.23.21.774-1,069
193510,853,125161,748140,87820,87014.913.01.92.51.678-1,044
193610,872,519157,992139,09318,89914.512.81.71.81.664-1,538
193710,888,540155,996139,55816,43814.312.81.51.51.690-2,997
193810,877,442163,525143,11520,41015.013.21.9-1.91.847
193911,105,990192,344146,97645,36817.313.24.120.61.916
194011,159,539218,043153,49964,54419.513.85.84.82.195
194111,129,373208,913152,04856,86518.813.75.1-2.72.279
194211,054,018199,259153,09646,16318.013.84.2-6.82.422
194311,034,846225,379153,34972,03020.413.96.5-1.72.784
194411,109,341230,183161,45768,72620.714.56.26.72.796
194510,692,912194,182184,9449,23818.217.30.9-38.92.673
19469,523,266210,454134,56875,88622.114.18.0-122.83.254
19478,765,230206,745105,277101,46823.612.011.6-86.53.05049,731
19488,893,104197,837101,50196,33622.211.410.814.42.886720
19498,892,613185,484104,63280,85220.911.89.1-0.12.7283,202
19508,925,122188,341103,20385,13821.111.69.53.62.80116,784
19519,023,170185,570102,65882,91220.611.49.210.92.76312,910
19529,125,183180,14397,72682,41719.910.89.011.22.70121,022
19539,220,908172,54798,83773,71018.910.88.010.42.61111,325
19549,290,617168,40299,63668,76618.310.87.47.52.581-2,376
19559,365,969165,87493,30072,57417.910.17.78.02.5783,437
19569,442,040162,50993,52668,98317.410.07.38.12.5686,176
19579,513,758155,42998,68756,74216.610.56.07.52.4956,832
19589,574,650141,76293,69748,06515.09.95.06.42.3056,11849,035
19599,618,554128,98297,15931,82313.610.33.34.62.1218,05461,914
19609,659,818128,87993,86335,01613.69.93.64.32.1136,52167,550
19619,588,016131,01994,97336,04613.79.93.8-7.52.1334,91170,062
19629,621,808133,557104,31829,23913.910.83.03.52.1405,82366,031
19639,668,741148,840100,12948,71115.410.45.04.92.3328,27751,470
19649,730,019154,420101,98452,43615.910.55.46.32.3564,81451,525
19659,785,102147,438105,10842,33015.110.74.35.62.1783,52858,554
19669,826,188141,162105,78435,37814.410.83.64.22.012,12765,818
19679,854,241138,448108,96729,48114.111.13.02.81.90-3,26769,850
19689,877,632137,437115,19522,24213.911.72.32.41.83-1,56272,488
19699,896,695143,165120,65322,51214.512.22.31.91.86-2,72474,263
19709,805,157147,865123,32724,53815.112.62.5-9.31.91-4,35071,893
19719,830,602154,180122,37531,80515.712.53.22.61.982,49068,652
19729,868,379163,661119,20544,45616.612.14.53.82.072,88465,079
19739,919,519181,750124,43757,31318.312.55.85.22.294,61555,898
19749,994,761194,215126,80967,40619.412.76.77.52.433,05256,969
197510,062,366191,776124,31467,46219.112.46.76.72.402,40155,511
197610,128,220187,378125,23262,14618.512.46.16.52.362,63056,889
197710,189,312181,763126,21455,54917.812.45.56.02.321,30761,114
197810,245,686178,901127,13651,76517.512.45.15.52.322,06463,904
197910,296,489172,112127,94944,16316.712.44.34.92.292,49464,505
198010,326,792153,801135,53718,26415.013.21.82.92.101,85668,930
198110,303,208144,438130,40714,03114.012.71.4-2.32.021,71771,574
198210,314,321141,738130,76510,97313.712.71.11.12.011,74874,574
198310,322,823137,431134,4742,95713.313.00.30.81.962,38375,037
198410,330,481136,941132,1884,75313.312.80.50.71.972,62179,534
198510,336,742135,881131,6414,24013.112.70.40.61.962,19583,042
198610,340,737133,356132,58577112.912.80.10.41.943,01383,564
198710,348,834130,921127,2443,67712.712.30.40.81.912,721109,626
198810,356,359132,667125,6946,97312.812.10.70.71.942,544113,730
198910,362,257128,356127,74760912.412.30.10.61.871,459111,683
199010,362,740130,564129,1661,39812.612.50.101.89624111,268
199110,308,682129,354124,2905,06412.512.10.5-5.21.862,876106,042
199210,317,807121,705120,3371,36811.811.70.10.91.7111,78194,180
199310,330,607121,025118,1852,84011.711.40.31.21.675,47670,634
199410,336,162106,579117,373-10,79410.311.4-1.00.51.449,94254,836
199510,330,75996,097117,913-21,8169.311.4-2.1-0.51.289,99949,531
199610,315,35390,446112,782-22,3368.810.9-2.2-1.51.1910,12948,086
199710,303,64290,657112,744-22,0878.810.9-2.1-1.11.1712,07545,022
199810,294,94390,535109,527-18,9928.810.6-1.8-0.81.169,48842,959
199910,282,78489,471109,768-20,2978.710.7-2.0-1.21.138,77439,382
200010,272,50390,910109,001-18,0918.810.6-1.8-1.01.146,53934,623
200110,224,19290,715107,755-17,0408.910.5-1.7-4.71.14-8,55132,528
200210,200,77492,786108,243-15,4579.110.6-1.5-2.31.1712,29031,142
200310,201,65193,685111,288-17,6039.210.9-1.70.11.1825,78929,298
200410,206,92397,664107,177-9,5139.610.5-0.90.51.2318,63527,574
200510,234,092102,211107,938-5,72710.010.5-0.62.71.2836,22926,453
200610,266,646105,831104,4411,39010.310.20.13.21.3334,72025,352
200710,322,689114,632104,6369,99611.110.11.05.41.4483,94525,414
200810,429,692119,570104,94814,62211.510.11.410.31.5071,79025,760
200910,491,492118,348107,42110,92711.310.21.05.91.4928,34424,636
201010,517,247117,153106,84410,30911.210.21.02.41.4915,64823,998
201110,496,672108,673106,8481,82510.410.20.2-2.01.4316,88924,055
201210,509,286108,576108,18938710.310.30.01.21.4510,29323,032
201310,510,719106,751109,160-2,40910.210.4-0.20.11.46-1,29722,714
201410,524,783109,860105,6654,19510.410.00.41.31.5321,66121,893
201510,542,942110,764111,173-40910.510.5-0.01.71.5715,97720,403
201610,565,284112,663107,7504,91310.710.20.52.11.6320,06320,406
2017 10,589,526114,405111,4432,96210.810.50.32.31.6928,27319,415
201810,626,430114,036112,9201,11610.710.60.13.51.7138,62918,298
201910,669,324112,231112,362-13110.510.5-0.04.01.7144,27017,751
202010,700,155110,200129,289-19,08910.312.1-1.82.91.7126,92716,886
202110,500,850111,793139,891-28,09810.613.3-2.7-19.01.8349,96915,492
202210,759,525101,299120,219-18,9209.511.4-1.824.01.62329,74216,438
202310,878,04291,149112,795-21,6468.410.4-2.011.01.4594,672

Current vital statistics

[12]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January – March 202322,88130,550-7,669
January – March 202420,29929,504-9,205
Difference -2,582 (-11.28%) -1,046 (-3.42%) -1,536

Structure of the population

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total5 168 7995 363 97110 532 770100
0–4296 944282 591579 5355.50
5–9249 218235 846485 0644.61
10–14233 025220 518453 5434.31
15–19298 949283 701582 6505.53
20–24355 493336 516692 0096.57
25–29386 426360 070746 4967.09
30–34461 410434 976896 3868.51
35–39456 642432 290888 9328.44
40–44361 605343 287704 8926.69
45–49354 342342 339696 6816.61
50–54336 194336 351672 5456.39
55–59367 638386 703754 3417.16
60–64352 692391 178743 8707.06
65–69249 700302 420552 1205.24
70–74163 508220 319383 8273.64
75–79122 317191 050313 3672.98
80–8479 882152 084231 9662.20
85–8934 87786 898121 7751.16
90–946 45319 43125 8840.25
95–991 2774 7276 0040.06
100+207676883<0.01
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14779 187738 9551 518 14214.41
15–643 731 3913 647 4117 378 80270.06
65+658 221977 6051 635 82615.53
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total5 275 1035 426 674 10 701 777100
0–4290 444276 818567 2625.30
5–9285 498 271 459556 9575.20
10–14304 995290 527595 5225.56
15–19252 007238 443490 4504.58
20–24245 786232 124477 9104.47
25–29320 181300 744620 9255.80
30–34370 523348 408718 9316.72
35–39389 652363 658 753 3107.04
40–44460 462432 859893 3218.35
45–49452 969429 617882 5868.25
50–54352 166338 917691 0836.46
55–59336 205333 528669 7336.26
60–64304 764320 701625 4655.84
65-69313 014359 404672 4186.28
70-74274 177347 000621 1775.80
75-79170 104247 097417 2013.90
80-8490 188153 949244 1372.28
85-8944 75993 731138 4901.29
90-9414 78439 02753 8110.50
95-992 1778 066 10 2430.10
100-1042215307510.01
105-109276794<0.01
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14880 937838 8041 719 74116.07
15–643 484 7153 338 9996 823 71463.76
65+909 4511 248 8712 158 32220.17

Education

Literacy

definition: NA

total population: 99%

male: 99%

female: 99% (2011 est.)

Employment and income

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24

Total: 8%. Country comparison to the world: 155th

Male: 7.2%

Female: 9.2% (2020 est.)

Ethnic groups

The majority of the  million inhabitants of the Czech Republic are ethnically and linguistically Czech (95%). They are descendants of Slavic people from the Black Sea-Carpathian region who settled in Bohemia, Moravia and parts of present-day Austria in the 6th century AD. Other ethnic groups include Germans, Romani people, Poles, and Hungarians. Historical minorities like Germans and Poles are declining due to assimilation. There is also a growing community from Vietnam. Other ethnic communities like Greeks, Turks, Italians, and Yugoslavs are found in Prague. Since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Slovaks living in the Czech Republic have comprised roughly 3% of the population.

There are different groups of national and ethnic minorities in the Czech Republic. The only "old minority" is Poles in the Trans-Olza region, while the "new minorities" are scattered among the majority population (generally in the larger towns). While some of the minorities have the whole social structure of Czech society (Poles, Slovaks, Greeks and Ukrainians), other represent only some of the social groups (i.e. Russian newcomers of middle class, and Romani people who generally represent the underclass).[14]

1880–1910

Population of Bohemia, Moravia and Austrian Silesia by language[15]
Language 1880 1890 1900 1910
Czech 62.5% 62.4% 62.4% 62.9%
German 35.8% 35.6% 35.1% 34.6%
Polish 1.0% 1.2% 1.6% 1.6%
Other 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 0.9%
Total population 8,222,013 8,665,421 9,372,140 10,078,637

After World War I

Population of the Czech Republic according to ethnic group 1921–2011
Ethnic
group		census 1921 1census 1930census 1950census 1961census 1970census 1980census 1991census 2001census 2011[16] census 2021
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Czechs6,758,98367.57,304,58868.38,343,55893.99,023,50194.29,270,61794.49,733,92594.68,363,76881.29,249,77790.56,732,10463.76,415,10461.0
Moravians1,362,31313.2380,4743.7522,4744.9556,6415.3
Silesians44,4460.410,8780.112,2310.131,3010.3
Slovaks15,7320.244,4510.4258,0252.9275,9972.9320,9983.3359,3703.5314,8773.1193,1901.9149,1401.4162,5781.5
Poles103,5211.092,6890.970,8160.866,5400.764,0740.766,1230.659,3830.651,9680.539,2690.438,2180.4
Germans3,061,36930.63,149,82029.5159,9381.8134,1431.480,9030.858,2110.648,5560.539,1060.418,7720.324,6320.2
Ukrainians13,3430.122,6570.219,3840.219,5490.29,7940.110,2710.18,2200.122,1120.253,6030.592,8920.9
Rusyns1,9260.01,1060.07390.0
Russians6,6190.15,0510.05,0620.012,3690.118,0210.234,5060.3
Vietnamese4210.017,4620.229,8250.338,7230.4
Hungarians7,0490.111,4270.113,2010.115,1520.218,4720.219,6760.219,9320.214,6720.19,0490.1
Romani people[17] 2270.019,7700.219,3920.232,9030.311,7460.15,1990.021,6910.2
Jews35,6990.437,0930.42180.05210.0
Yugoslavs4,7490.03,9570.03,3860.0
Romanians9660.03,2050.01,0340.01,2380.01,9210.0
Others/undeclared10,0380.15,7190.111,4410.110,0950.136,2200.439,3000.439,1290.4220,6602.62,739,488126.0
Total10,005,73410,674,3868,896,1339,571,5319,807,69710,291,92710,302,21510,230,06010,436,56010,524,167
1 On the territory of the census date.
1 In 2011 a large part of the population did not claim any ethnicity, before the census it was widely mediatized that the question is not mandatory. The vast majority of those who did so are presumed to be ethnic Czechs, number of whom dropped by roughly the same amount that the number of undeclared people rose, circa 2.5 million.The legal position of the minorities is defined foremost in the Act No. 273/2001 Coll. (The Rights of the Minorities Act) which implements the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and Recommendation of the Council of Europe No. 1201. There is a number of other enactments which to lesser extent deal with the minorities.

A special situation applies in the case of Moravians and Silesians, who are frequently allocated within the group of Czechs when it comes to the statistical data.

Officially recognized minorities

See main article: Bulgarians in Czechoslovakia, Croats in the Czech Republic, Germans in the Czech Republic, Greeks in the Czech Republic, Polish minority in the Czech Republic, Roma in the Czech Republic, Ukrainians in the Czech Republic and Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic.

Minorities, which "traditionally and on a long term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic" enjoy some privileges. As of 2022 there are 14 such officially recognized minorities, which are (alphabetically): Belarusians, Bulgarians, Croatians, Germans, Greeks, Hungarians, Poles, Romani people, Russians, Rusyns, Serbians, Slovaks, Ukrainians and Vietnamese.[18]

Citizens belonging to the officially recognized minorities enjoy the right to "use their language in communication with authorities and in courts of law". Article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms provides the right of the national and ethnic minorities to education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) provides that a citizen of the Czech Republic who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on a long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, has the right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In the case that the administrative agency does not have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in the courts of law) the same also applies to members of national minorities in the courts of law.

Bulgarians

See main article: Bulgarians in Czechoslovakia.

The economic migration of Bulgarians to the Czech Republic began in the 1990s. 4,363 citizens claimed to have Bulgarian nationality in the 2001 census. They mostly live in the large cities and towns, such as Prague, Brno, Ostrava, Karlovy Vary, Kladno, Ústí nad Labem, Děčín, and Havířov. Nowadays the newcomers from Bulgaria aim for these areas in particular, where they can join an already established community. Many of these economic immigrants have dual citizenship of both the Czech Republic and Bulgaria. However most of the recent immigrants still only have Bulgarian citizenship.

The Bulgarian Cultural Organisation publishes the magazine Roden Glas, while a folklore organisation Kytka promotes traditional Bulgarian dances. Among other organisations are Pirin, Zaedno, Vazraždane and Hyshove.[19]

As an officially recognized minority the Bulgarian citizens of the Czech Republic enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in the courts of law. They also enjoy a number of other rights connected to the status of recognized minority, e.g. the right to education in their own language: the first Bulgarian school in the current Czech Republic was established in 1946 in Prague.

Germans

See main article: Germans in the Czech Republic. The German minority of the Czech Republic, historically the largest minority of the country, was almost entirely removed when 3 million were forcibly expelled in 1945–6 on the basis of the Potsdam agreement. The constitution guarantees rights for minority languages, however there are 13 municipalities with German minority constituting 10% of population, which qualifies for such provisions.[20] There is no bilingual education system in Western and Northern Bohemia, where the German minority is mostly concentrated. However, this is in large part due to the absence of German-speaking youth, a heritage of the post-war policy of the Communist government.

According to the 2001 census there remain 13 municipalities and settlements in the Czech Republic with more than 10% Germans.[20]

Many representatives of expellees' organizations support the erection of bilingual signs in all formerly German-speaking territory as a visible sign of the bilingual linguistic and cultural heritage of the region, but their efforts are not supported by some of the current inhabitants, as the vast majority of the current population is not of German descent.

The German-Czech Declaration of 21 January 1997 covered the two most critical issues—the role of some Sudeten Germans in the breakup of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and their expulsion after World War II.[21]

Greeks

See main article: Greeks in the Czech Republic. Another influential minority are Greeks. Large numbers of Greeks arrived in Czechoslovakia during the end of the Greek Civil War. The first transports of Greek children arrived in 1948 and 1949. Later, more transports, also including adults, arrived.[22] They were partly leftists, communists and guerillas with their relatives, hence the willingness of Czechoslovak government to allow the immigration. This was viewed rather as a temporary solution. After the defeat of DSE and other left-wing guerillas, the Greeks stayed in Czechoslovakia. In total more than 12,000 Greeks immigrated to Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1950.[23] Today, there are about 7000 Greeks in the country (3219 according to 2001 census data),[23] mostly in the 3 biggest towns – Prague, Brno, Ostrava – and also in Bohumín, Havířov, Jeseník, Karviná, Krnov, Šumperk, Třinec, Vrbno pod Pradědem and Žamberk (apart from the last one these towns are in Silesia).[24]

Poles

See main article: Polish minority in the Czech Republic. The most concentrated linguistic minority in the Czech Republic are ethnic Poles, historically the plurality, today constituting about 10% of the population of Karviná and Frýdek-Místek districts. Poles have the right to use their language in official dealings; the public media (Czech TV and Czech Radio) regularly broadcast in Polish; and there are many Polish primary and secondary schools in the area. The Polish minority has been decreasing substantially since World War II as education in Polish was difficult to obtain, while Czech authorities did not permit bilingual signs to maintain Polish awareness among the population.

The erection of bilingual signs has technically been permitted since 2001, if a minority constitutes 10% of the population of a municipality. The requirement that a petition be signed by the members of minority was cancelled, thus simplifying the whole process.[25] Still, only a couple of villages with large Polish minorities have bilingual signs (Vendryně/Wędrynia for instance).

Romanis

See main article: Romani people in the Czech Republic. Another minority is the Roma, who nonetheless have very little influence on Czech policy. Around 90% of the Roma that lived in the Czech Republic prior to World War II were exterminated by the Nazi Porajmos. The Roma there now are 80% post-war immigrants from Slovakia or Hungary, or the descendants thereof. In total, the Roma in the CR now number around 200,000.[26] There is Romani press in the CR, written in both Czech and Romani, but Romani radio is broadcast in Czech and there is no Romani television. Romani is also absent from legislative, judiciary, and other political texts but it has recently entered some university and elementary school courses. Life expectancy, literacy, median wage, school enrolment, and other socio-economic markers remain low while Roma compose the majority of prison and habitual offender populations despite accounting for only a fraction of a percent of Czech population.[27]

Immigration

According to the Czech Statistical Office as of 31 December 2020 there were 632,570 legal foreign residents in the Czech Republic (5.1% of the total population).[28] Residents from Ukraine are the largest group (165,356), followed by residents of Slovakia (124,544). There are also Asian immigrant communities in the Czech Republic. The largest is the Vietnamese one (62,842) followed by the Mongolians (10,135) and the Chinese (7,940). During the communist era the governments of Czechoslovakia and Vietnam had a deal concerning the education of Vietnamese people in Czechoslovakia. Vietnamese people came to Czechoslovakia for the first time in 1956 and then the number of new migrants grew until the fall of communism. First generation Vietnamese work mostly as small-scale businessmen in markets. Still, many Vietnamese are without Czech citizenship. One of the towns with the largest Vietnamese communities is Cheb. Other large immigrant groups come from Russia (41,692), Poland (20,733), Germany (20,861), Bulgaria (17,917) and Romania (18,396).

Czech Republic Net migration data

Year Net Migration
2002 12,290
2003 25,789
2004 18,635
2005 36,229
2006 34,720
2007 83,945
2008 86,412
2009 28,344
2010 15,648
2011 16,889
2012 10,293
2013 -1,297
2014 21,661
2015 15,977
2016 20,064
2017 28,273
2018 38,629
2019 44,270
2020 26,927
2021 49,969
2022 329,742
2023 94,672

Recent trends

Countries with at least 1,000 people, immigrating each year.[29] [30]

! Country !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018

Slovakia
Russia
Vietnam
Romania
Mongolia
China
United States
Total 37,503 45,957 58,148

Foreign-born population

Largest groups of foreign residents!Nationality !Population
(31 December 2023)[31]
Ukraine574,447
Slovakia119,182
67,783
40,990
Romania20,469
Bulgaria17,907
Poland17,837
Germany12,719
Mongolia12,664
Hungary11,117
United States10,132
Kazakhstan9,798
India9,553
China8,813
United Kingdom7,905
Belarus7,726
7,662
Philippines7,026
Italy6,125
Serbia5,993
Turkey5,340
France4,120
Uzbekistan3,448
Croatia3,252
2,915
2,816
See also

Languages

The Czech language (divided into three dialects in Bohemia, four dialects in Moravia, and two dialects in Czech Silesia) is the official language of the state. There is also the transitional Cieszyn Silesian dialect as well as the Polish language in Cieszyn Silesia, both spoken in Czech Silesia. Various Sudeten German dialects are currently practically extinct: present Czech Germans speak mainly Czech and/or Standard German. Czech Sign Language is the language of most of the deaf community.

For other languages spoken in the Czech Republic, see the above section on officially recognised minorities.

Religion

See main article: Religion in the Czech Republic.

Religious affiliations in the Czech Republic, census 1991–2011[32] [33] [34] [35]
1991200120112021 p
number%number%number%number%
4,021,385 39.0 2,740,780 26.8 1,082,463 10.4741,0197.0
203,996 2.0 117,212 1.1 51,858 0.532,5770.3
178,036 1.7 99,103 1.0 39,229 0.423,6100.2
Believers identified with another specific religion 120,317 1.7 330,993 3.2 290,034 2.8577,0795.5
Believers not identified with any specific religion 705,3686.8960,2019.1
No religion 4,112,864 39.9 6,039,991 59.0 3,612,80434.25,024,41647.7
No response, unknown 1,665,617 16.2 901,981 8.8 4,774,32345.23,167,77430.1
Total population 10,302,215 10,230,060 10,436,56010,524,167

The 2021 census did not contain list of religious organisations and they had to be written by the respondent (unlike in the previous ones). Therefore another 231 thousand people responded with catholicism or similar response, 71 thousand people identified simply with Christianity and 27 thousand people claimed to be protestants or evangelicals. Moreover, after doubling their followers the Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia was the 2nd strongest church in 2021 census with 40,681 faithful.

Almost half (45.2%) of the Czech population prefer not to respond to religious questions in the Census. Others claim to have no religion or that they are without religious affiliation (34.2%). In comparison, one in every five claims to have some personal belief (20.6%).

The largest denominations are Roman Catholicism, estimated at 10.3% of the population, Protestant (0.5%), Hussites (0.4%). Other organized religions, including non-organized believers, totalled about (9.4%) (as of Census 2011).

According to the Eurobarometer Poll 2005,[36] 19% of Czech citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", whereas 50% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 30% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force"; the percentage of believers is thus the lowest of EU countries after Estonia with 16%.[37]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Population of Municipalities - as at 1 January 2024 . 2024-05-21 . Population of Municipalities - as at 1 January 2024.
  2. Web site: EUROPE :: CZECHIA . CIA.gov . . 9 February 2020.
  3. Web site: Population: demographic situation, languages and religions . 2023-08-06 . eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu.
  4. Web site: Zaostřeno na ženy a muže – 2019 . CZSO.cz . Czech Statistical Office.
  5. Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.
  6. Web site: World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations . 2018-08-26 . esa.un.org.
  7. Web site: 30 April 2021 . Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021 . Czech Statistical Office.
  8. Web site: Czech Demographic Handbook – 2022: Tables 1-4, 1-5. Czech Statistical Office. 2023-12-18.
  9. Web site: Data and time series. Czech Statistical Office. 2024-07-21.
  10. Web site: Czech Statistical Office – Population. Czech Statistical Office.
  11. Web site: Czech Statistical Office – Population. Czech Statistical Office.
  12. Web site: Population change - News Releases. Population change - News Releases.
  13. Web site: Number of deaths - weekly and monthly time series . Czech Statistical Office . 23 December 2023.
  14. Web site: Postavení národnostních menšin . cs . 2010-12-01.
  15. http://www.cvvm.cas.cz/upl/nase_spolecnost/100023se_samanova-narodnost%20EN.pdf
  16. Web site: Tab. 614a Obyvatelstvo podle věku, národnosti a pohlaví. Czech Statistical Office. 24 April 2019. cs.
  17. In census people can leave the "nationality" field empty and they can also write down any nationality or ethnicity they want. Most Romani people fill in the Czech nationality. Thus, the real number of Romani people in the country is estimated to be around 220,000. Petr Lhotka: Romové v České republice po roce 1989
  18. Web site: Government Council for National Minorities. Government of the Czech Republic. 10 February 2022.
  19. Web site: Bulharská národnostní menšina. 2010-11-30. Vlada.cz. cs.
  20. http://www.pragerzeitung.cz/?c_id=10531 Peter Josika: Mehrsprachig: Ein Faktor der Versöhnung
  21. Book: Wolff, Stefan. German minorities in Europe: ethnic identity and cultural belonging. 2000. Berghahn Books. 978-1-57181-504-0. 200.
  22. Web site: Greeks in Czech Country . Dialogos-kpr.cz . 2013-11-19.
  23. http://www.europeum.org/disp_article.php?aid=605
  24. Web site: Podkladové materiály pro Radu vlády pro národnostní menšiny o situaci řecké menšiny v České republice. Vangelis Liolios. Dialogs-kpr.cz. 2013-11-19. cs.
  25. Web site: Aktualności . www.polonica.cz . 2013-11-19 . 9 May 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160509151340/http://www.polonica.cz/index.php?m=1&o=aktual . dead .
  26. Web site: European Commission – Languages eac . Ec.europa.eu . 13 January 2011 . 2013-11-19.
  27. Book: Říčan, Pavel. S Romy žít budeme – jde o to jak: dějiny, současná situace, kořeny problémů, naděje společné budoucnosti. Portál. 1998. 978-80-7178-250-6. Prague. cs.
  28. Web site: cs . R01Foreigners in the CR in the years 2004–2020 (as at 31 December).
  29. "Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic – 2018" CZSO
  30. "Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic – 2019" CZSO
  31. Web site: Data on number of foreigners: R04 Foreigners in the Czech Republic by citizenship in the years 1994–2022 (as at 31 December). Czech Statistical Office. 2023-12-18.
  32. Web site: Population by denomination and sex: as measured by 1921, 1930, 1950, 1991 and 2001 censuses. cs, en. 2010-03-09. Czech Statistical Office.
  33. Web site: Scitani lidu, domu a bytu 2001 . Czso.cz . 2013-11-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141103104641/http://www.czso.cz/sldb/sldb2001.nsf/tabx/CZ0000 . 2014-11-03 .
  34. Web site: cs . Tab 7.1 Population by religious belief and by municipality size groups . Czso.cz . 2013-11-19 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150221184947/http://www.czso.cz/sldb2011/eng/redakce.nsf/i/tab_7_1_population_by_religious_belief_and_by_municipality_size_groups/$File/PVCR071_ENG.pdf . 2015-02-21 .
  35. Web site: cs . Tab 7.2 Population by religious belief and by regions . Czso.cz . 2013-11-19 . 2013-11-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131104224923/http://www.czso.cz/sldb2011/eng/redakce.nsf/i/tab_7_2_population_by_religious_belief_and_by_regions/%24File/PVCR072_ENG.pdf . dead .
  36. Web site: Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 – page 11 . 2007-05-05 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060524004644/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf . 2006-05-24 .
  37. Web site: Social values, Science and Technology . June 2005 . 2006-12-19 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060524004644/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf . 2006-05-24.

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