Demographics of Slovenia explained

Place:Slovenia
Size Of Population:2,101,208 (2022 est.)
Growth: 0.06% (2022 est.)
Birth:8.3 births/1,000 population
Death:10.4 deaths/1,000 population
Net Migration:1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Infant Mortality:1.52 deaths/1,000 live births
Total Mf Ratio:1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Sr At Birth:1.04 male(s)/female
Life:81.82 years
Life Male:78.96 years
Life Female:84.79 years
Fertility:1.6 children

Demographic features of the population of Slovenia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

With 101 inhabitants per square kilometre (262/sq mi), Slovenia ranks low among the European countries in population density (compared to 402/km2 (1042/sq mi) for the Netherlands or 195/km2 (505/sq mi) for Italy). The Littoral–Inner Carniola Statistical Region has the lowest population density, and the Central Slovenia Statistical Region has the highest.[1]

According to the 2002 census, Slovenia's main ethnic group are Slovenes (83%). At least 13% of the population were immigrants from other parts of former Yugoslavia, primarily ethnic Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), Croats and Serbs and their descendants.[2] They have settled mainly in cities and suburbanised areas.[3] Relatively small but protected by the Constitution of Slovenia are the Hungarian and the Italian national community.[4] [5] [6] A special position is held by the geographically dispersed Roma ethnic community.[7] [8]

Slovenia is among the European countries with the most pronounced ageing of population, ascribable to a low birth rate and increasing life expectancy.[9] Almost all Slovenian inhabitants older than 64 are retired, with no significant difference between the genders.[10] The working-age group is diminishing in spite of immigration.[11] The proposal to raise the retirement age from the current 57 for women and 58 for men was rejected in a referendum in 2011.[12] Also the difference among the genders regarding life expectancy is still significant. In 2007, it was 74.6 years for men and 81.8 years for women.[13] In addition, in 2009, the suicide rate in Slovenia was 22 per 100,000 persons per year, which places Slovenia among the highest ranked European countries in this regard.[14]

Population

! Census date! Population! Population density
(per km2)
18571,101,85454.4
18691,128,76855.7
18801,182,22358.3
18901,234,05660.9
19001,268,05562.5
19101,321,09865.2
19211,304,80064.4
19311,397,65068.9
19481,439,80071.0
19531,504,42774.2
19611,591,52378.5
19711,727,13785.2
19811,891,86493.3
19911,913,35594.4
20021,964,03696.9
20112,050,189101.1
20212,108,977104.0

Vital statistics

[15] [16]

Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia[17]

-Mid-year population Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rateFemale fertile population (15–49 years)
19501,466,88135,99217,33518,65724.511.812.73.12389,726
19511,480,24534,81918,49716,32223.512.511.02.98391,462
19521,493,55034,16515,61718,54822.910.512.42.91393,199
19531,508,42833,75414,94818,80622.49.912.52.80394,935
19541,521,48531,82814,89716,93120.99.811.12.58395,721
19551,533,99832,09615,10916,98720.99.811.12.58396,506
19561,545,59131,46616,35115,11520.410.69.82.51397,292
19571,556,52130,08614,54515,54119.39.310.02.38398,077
19581,566,97928,28414,08214,20218.19.09.12.22398,863
19591,576,20428,42915,35713,07218.09.78.32.23399,648
19601,580,14527,82515,14512,68017.69.68.02.18400,434
19611,595,45028,95514,01314,94218.18.89.42.26401,219
19621,604,98029,03515,86613,16918.19.98.22.27406,216
19631,614,41429,17415,10214,07218.19.48.72.28411,214
19641,630,55329,18416,72912,45517.910.37.62.32416,211
19651,650,41330,58715,98714,60018.59.78.82.45421,209
19661,669,60630,94115,24815,69318.59.19.42.48426,206
19671,690,93929,82416,35313,47117.69.78.02.38431,203
19681,703,70828,58017,44611,13416.810.26.52.28436,201
19691,714,02227,88318,5649,31916.310.85.42.17441,198
19701,726,51327,43217,35410,07815.910.15.82.21446,196
19711,738,10128,27817,42510,85316.310.06.22.16451,193
19721,751,50628,71318,15310,56016.410.46.02.14453,763
19731,766,12529,54817,61411,93416.710.06.82.18456,332
19741,782,47028,62517,20611,41916.19.76.42.10458,902
19751,800,02229,78618,18011,60616.510.16.42.16461,471
19761,819,27630,33918,15712,18216.710.06.72.17464,041
19771,839,35829,90417,63312,27116.39.66.72.16466,610
19781,862,62030,35418,35711,99716.39.96.42.19469,180
19791,882,30430,60418,14812,45616.39.66.62.22471,749
19801,901,20829,90218,82011,08215.79.95.82.11474,319
19811,917,46929,22018,73310,48715.29.85.51.96476,888
19821,924,87728,89419,6479,24715.010.24.81.93480,333
19831,933,10427,20020,7036,49714.110.73.41.82482,847
19841,942,80226,27420,2146,06013.510.43.11.75484,847
19851,973,15125,93319,8546,07913.110.13.11.72486,852
19861,980,71825,57019,4996,07112.99.83.11.65489,508
19871,989,46225,59219,8375,75512.910.02.91.64503,828
19881,999,98825,20919,1266,08312.69.63.01.63506,828
19891,999,40423,44718,6694,77811.79.32.41.52508,310
19901,998,09022,36818,5553,81311.29.31.91.46509,166
19912,001,76821,58319,3242,25910.89.71.11.42511,191
19921,995,83219,98219,33364910.09.70.31.34512,506
19931,990,62319,79320,012-2199.910.1-0.11.33511,866
19941,988,85019,46319,3591049.89.70.11.32511,534
19951,987,50518,98018,968129.59.50.01.29514,298
19961,991,16918,78818,6201689.49.40.11.28516,690
19971,986,84818,16518,928-7639.19.5-0.41.25516,585
19981,982,60317,85619,039-1,1839.09.6-0.61.23516,296
19991,985,55717,53318,885-1,3528.89.5-0.71.21516,261
20001,990,27218,18018,588-4089.19.3-0.21.26515,258
20011,992,03517,47718,508-1,0318.89.3-0.51.21512,358
20021,995,71817,50118,701-1,2008.89.4-0.61.21510,692
20031,996,77317,32119,451-2,1308.79.7-1.11.20507,713
20041,997,00417,96118,523-5629.09.3-0.31.25504,530
20052,001,11418,15718,825-6689.19.4-0.31.26500,449
20062,008,51618,93218,1807529.49.10.41.31496,853
20072,019,40619,82318,5841,2399.89.20.61.31491,536
20082,022,62921,81718,3083,50910.89.11.71.53486,506
20092,042,33521,85618,7503,10610.79.21.51.53483,681
20102,049,26122,34318,6093,73410.99.11.81.57479,815
20112,052,49621,94718,6993,24810.79.11.61.56474,646
20122,056,26221,93819,2572,68110.79.41.31.58469,442
20132,059,11421,11119,3341,77710.39.40.91.55463,138
20142,061,62321,16518,8862,27910.39.21.11.58456,811
20152,063,07720,64119,83480710.09.60.41.57450,224
20162,064,24120,34519,6896569.99.50.31.58443,390
20172,066,16120,24120,509-2689.89.9-0.11.62436,478
2018[18] 2,070,05019,58520,485-9009.59.9-0.41.61430,225
2019[19] [20] 2,089,31019,32820,588-1,2609.39.9-0.61.61428,255
2020[21] [22] 2,100,12618,76724,016-5,2498.911.4-2.51.60426,155
2021[23] [24] 2,107,00718,98423,261-4,2779.011.0-2.01.64425,310
20222,108,73217,62722,492-4,8658.410.7-2.31.55423,301
20232,120,93716,98921,540-4,5518.010.2-2.11.51423,982

Current vital statistics

[25] [26] [27]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January - June 20238,32810,852−2,524
January - June 20247,99410,723−2,729
Difference -334 (-4.01%) -129 (-1.19%) -205

Structure of the population

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total1 059 9381 049 039 2 108 977100
0–451 23048 119 99 3494.71
5–956 155 52 767108 9225.16
10–1456 28553 175 109 4605.19
15–1948 45045 49793 9474.45
20–2455 50048 158103 6584.92
25–2960 66052 345113 005 5.36
30–3471 30962 333133 6426.34
35–3979 85570 219150 0747.12
40–4485 95275 862161 8147.67
45–4980 25072 516152 7667.24
50–5476 91372 888149 8017.10
55–5976 79975 553152 3527.22
60–6471 99872 474144 4726.85
65-6966 49570 032136 5276.47
70-7450 20057 623107 8235.11
75-7932 46543 273 75 7383.59
80-8423 62137 43161 0522.89
85-8911 65624 98636 6421.74
90-943 56911 12914 6980.70
95-995252 429 2 9540.14
100+512302810.01
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14163 670154 061317 73115.07
15–64707 686647 8451 355 53164.27
65+188 582247 133435 71520.66

Life expectancy at birth

PeriodLife expectancy inYears[28]
1950–195565.60
1955–1960 67.88
1960–1965 69.15
1965–1970 69.17
1970–1975 69.81
1975–1980 70.97
1980–1985 71.21
1985–1990 72.69
1990–1995 73.74
1995–2000 75.26
2000–2005 76.66
2005–2010 78.55
2010–2015 80.31

Marriages and divorces

Immigration

Largest groups of foreign residents[30] !Rank!Nationality !Population (2023)
1 Bosnia and Herzegovina87,446
227,013
3 Serbia17,652
414,863
59,819
6 Ukraine8,524
74,172
8 Bulgaria3,135
9 Italy2,695
10 China1,285
11 Germany1,051
12 Montenegro1,029
13 United Kingdom713
14 Turkey670
15 Hungary656
16506
17 Romania476
18 Slovakia468
19 United States468
20 Thailand369

Net Migration

Slovenia International Migration Statistics (1961-present)
Year Immigrants from Abroad Emigrants to Abroad Net Migration from Abroad
1961 6,537 5,707 830
1962 7,373 5,357 2,016
1963 8,850 6,056 2,794
1964 9,364 5,999 3,365
1965 10,513 6,250 4,263
1966 9,457 5,046 4,411
1967 9,272 5,686 3,586
1968 7,051 6,112 939
1969 7,834 6,705 1,129
1970 7,168 5,665 1,503
1971 7,442 4,913 2,529
1972 7,832 4,475 3,357
1973 8,271 4,956 3,315
1974 9,646 5,281 4,365
1975 11,325 4,479 6,846
1976 12,682 4,570 8,112
1977 13,132 5,113 8,019
1978 12,770 5,432 7,338
1979 13,877 5,780 8,097
1980 11,983 6,710 5,273
1981 11,482 7,220 4,262
1982 10,644 6,207 4,437
1983 9,781 5,977 3,804
1984 9,224 5,910 3,314
1985 8,912 5,386 3,526
1986 9,194 5,294 3,900
1987 8,580 4,124 4,456
1988 7,782 4,089 3,693
1989 7,151 4,730 2,421
1990 7,075 4,908 2,167
1991 5,989 9,060 -3,071
1992 3,461 3,848 -387
1993 2,745 1,390 1,355
1994 1,919 983 936
1995 5,879 3,372 2,507
1996 9,495 2,985 6,510
1997 7,889 5,447 2,442
1998 4,603 6,708 -2,105
1999 4,941 2,606 2,335
2000 6,185 3,570 2,615
2001 7,803 4,811 2,992
2002 9,134 7,269 1,865
2003 9,279 5,867 3,412
2004 10,171 8,269 1,902
2005 15,041 8,605 6,436
2006 20,016 13,749 6,267
2007 29,193 14,943 14,250
2008 30,693 12,109 18,584
2009 30,296 18,788 11,508
2010 15,416 15,937 -521
2011 14,083 12,024 2,059
2012 15,022 14,378 644
2013 13,871 13,384 487
2014 13,846 14,336 -490
2015 15,420 14,913 507
2016 16,623 15,572 1,051
2017 18,808 17,555 1,253
2018 28,455 13,527 14,928
2019 31,319 15,106 16,213
2020 36,110 17,745 18,365
2021 23,624 21,144 2,480
2022 35,613 20,956 14,657
[31]

Ethnic groups

The majority of Slovenia's population are ethnic Slovenes (83.06%). Hungarians and Istrian Italians have the status of indigenous minorities under the Constitution of Slovenia, which guarantees them seats in the National Assembly. Most other minority groups, particularly those from other parts of the former Yugoslavia (except for one part of autochthonous community of Serbs and Croats), relocated after World War II for economic reasons.

Around 12.4% of the inhabitants of Slovenia were born abroad.[32] According to data from 2008, there were around 100,000 non-EU citizens living in Slovenia, or around 5% of the overall population of the country.[33] The highest number came from Bosnia and Herzegovina, followed by immigrants from Serbia, North Macedonia, Croatia (which has since joined the EU itself) and Kosovo. In April 2019, there were 143,192 foreign citizens living in Slovenia, representing 6.87% of Slovenia's population.[34] The number of people migrating to Slovenia has been steadily rising from 1995;[35] and the rate of immigration itself has been increasing year-on-year, reaching its peak in 2016. Since Slovenia joined the EU in 2004, the yearly inflow of immigrants has doubled by 2006 and tripled by 2009.[36] In 2007, Slovenia was one of the countries with the fastest growth of net migration rate in the European Union.[35]

Population of Slovenia by ethnic group, 1948–20021
Ethnic
group		1948 census1953 census1961 census1971 census1981 census1991 census2002 census
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Slovenes1,350,14997.01,415,44896.51,522,24895.61,578,96394.01,668,62390.81,689,65788.31,631,36383.1
Serbs7,0480.511,2250.813,6090.920,2091.241,6952.347,4012.538,9642.0
Croats16,0691.217,9781.231,4292.041,5562.553,8822.952,8762.835,6421.8
Ethnic Muslims1790.01,6170.14650.03,1970.213,3390.726,5771.410,4670.5
Bosniaks21,5421.1
Hungarians10,5790.811,0190.810,4980.78,9430.58,7770.58,0000.46,2430.3
Albanians2160.01690.02820.01,2660.11,9330.13,5340.26,1860.3
Macedonians3660.06400.01,0090.11,5720.13,2270.24,3710.23,9720.2
Romani460.01,6630.11580.09510.11,3930.12,2590.13,2460.2
Montenegrins5210.01,3560.11,3840.11,9500.13,1750.24,3390.22,6670.1
Italians1,4580.18540.13,0720.22,9870.22,1380.12,9590.22,2580.1
Others/undeclared5,2420.44,4560.37,3690.519,2121.140,1992.279,3744.1201,48610.3
Total1,391,8731,466,4251,591,5231,679,0511,838,3811,913,3551,964,036
1 Source: http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/rezultati/rezultati_red.asp?ter=SLO&st=7 .

Religion

See main article: Religion in Slovenia. Traditionally, Slovenes are predominantly Roman Catholic. Before World War II, 97% of Slovenes declared as Roman Catholics, around 2.5% were Lutheran, and only around 0.5% belonged to other denominations. Catholicism was an important feature of both social and political life in pre-communist Slovenia. After 1945, the country underwent a process of gradual but steady secularization. After a decade of severe persecution of religions, the communist regime adopted a policy of relative tolerance towards the churches, but limited their social functioning. After 1990, the Roman Catholic Church regained some of its former influence, but Slovenia remains a largely secularized society. According to the 2002 census, 57.8% of the population is Roman Catholic. As elsewhere in Europe, affiliation with Roman Catholicism is dropping: in 1991, 71.6% were self-declared Catholics, which means a drop of more than 1% annually.[37] The vast majority of Slovenian Catholics belong to the Latin Church. A small number of Eastern Catholics live in the White Carniola region.[38]

Despite a relatively small number of Protestants (less than 1% in 2002), the Protestant legacy is important because of its historical significance, since the bases of Slovene standard language and Slovene literature were established by the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Nowadays, a significant Lutheran minority lives in the easternmost region of Prekmurje, where they represent around a fifth of the population and are headed by a bishop with the seat in Murska Sobota.[39]

Besides these two Christian denominations, a small Jewish community has also been historically present. Despite the losses suffered during the Holocaust, Judaism still numbers a few hundred adherents, mostly living in Ljubljana, site of the sole remaining active synagogue in the country.[40]

According to the 2002 census, Islam is the second largest religious denomination with around 2.4% of the population. Most Slovenian Muslims came from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and North Macedonia.[41] The third largest denomination, with around 2.2% of the population, is Orthodox Christianity, with most adherents belonging to the Serbian Orthodox Church, whereas a minority belong to the Macedonian Orthodox Church and other Orthodox churches.

In the 2002, around 10% of Slovenes declared themselves as atheists, another 10% professed no specific denomination, and around 16% decided not to answer the question about their religious affiliation. According to the Eurobarometer Poll 2005,[42] 37% of Slovenian citizens responded that "they believe there is a god", whereas 46% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 16% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force".

The distribution of the residents of Slovenia by religion is the following: Roman Catholic 57.8%, atheist 10.1%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox Christian 2.3%, Protestant 0.9%, other and unknown 26.5% (2002).

According to the published data from the 2002 Slovenian census, out of a total of 47,488 Muslims (2.4% of the total population) 2,804 Muslims (5.90% of the total Muslims in Slovenia) declared themselves as ethnic Slovenian Muslims.[43]

Language

See main article: Languages of Slovenia. The official language in Slovenia is Slovene, which is a member of the South Slavic language group. In 2002, Slovene was the native language of around 88% of Slovenia's population according to the census, with more than 92% of the Slovenian population speaking it in their home environment.[44] [45] This places Slovenia among the most homogeneous countries in the EU in terms of the share of speakers of predominant mother tongue.[46] Slovene is sometimes characterized as the most diverse Slavic language in terms of dialects,[47] with different degrees of mutual intelligibility. Accounts of the number of dialects range from as few as seven[48] [49] [50] dialects, often considered dialect groups or dialect bases that are further subdivided into as many as 50 dialects.[51] Other sources characterize the number of dialects as nine[52] or eight.[53]

The distribution of speakers by language is the following: Slovene 87.7%, Serbo-Croatian 8%, Hungarian 0.4%, Albanian 0.4%, Macedonian 0.2%, Romani 0.2%, Italian 0.2%, German 0.1%, other 0.1% (Russian, Czech, Ukrainian, English, Slovak, Polish, Romanian, Turkish, French, Bulgarian, Arabic, Spanish, Dutch, "Vlach", Rusyn, Greek, Swedish, Danish or Armenian), unknown 2.7% (2002)

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

2,102,678 (July 2020 est.)

Age structure


0–14 years:13.4% (male 138,604/female 130,337)
15–64 years:69.8% (male 703,374/female 692,640)
65 years and over:16.8% (male 132,096/female 203,068) (2011 est.)

Median age

total: 42.8 years

male: 41.1 years

female: 44.5 years (2012 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 50% of total population (2012 est.)

rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2010-2015 est.)

Sex ratio


at birth:1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years:1.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years:1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.66 male(s)/female
total population:0.95 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Infant mortality rate

4.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2010)

Life expectancy at birth


total population:80 years
male:77 years
female:83 years (2013 est)

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Napaka 404. www.stat.si. 24 April 2012. 26 August 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130826070232/http://www.stat.si/letopis/2010/30_10/30-09-10.htm. dead.
  2. News: Kdo so priseljenci z območja nekdanje Jugoslavije . Who Are the Immigrants from the Area of Former Yugoslavia . sl . Mojca . Medvešek . Razprave in Gradivo . Institute for Ethnic Studies . 53–54 . 2007 . 34.
  3. News: Narodnostno neopredeljeno prebivalstvo ob popisih 1991 in 2002 v Sloveniji . Peter . Repolusk . Ethnically Undeclared Population in Slovenian Population Censuses 1991 and 2002 . sl, en . Dela . 25 . 87–96 . 2006 . Anton Melik Geographical Institute . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120306014855/http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/geo/publikacije/dela/files/dela_25/07%20repolust.pdf . 6 March 2012.
  4. News: International Mother Language Day 2010 . Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia . 19 February 2010 . 29 January 2011 . 25 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181225163236/https://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=2957%20 . dead .
  5. Web site: Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia . National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia . 26 January 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101223221038/http://www.dz-rs.si/index.php?id=351&docid=25&showdoc=1 . 23 December 2010.
  6. Book: Šabec, Ksenija . Poročilo: Italijanska narodna skupnost v Slovenski Istri . sl . Report: The Italian National Community in the Slovenian Istria . 2009 . Center for Cultural and Religious Studies, University of Ljubljana . 1 February 2011 . 7 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110511125306/http://www.eliamep.gr/en/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/slovenija_slov.pdf . 11 May 2011 . dead .
  7. Book: Gajšek, Nina . Pravice romske skupnosti v Republiki Sloveniji . sl . Rights of the Roma Community in the Republic of Slovenia . 2004 . Faculty of Social Science, University of Ljubljana.
  8. News: Romska naselja kot poseben del naselbinskega sistema v Sloveniji . sl, en . Roma Settlements as a Specific Part of Settlement System in Slovenia . Jernej . Zupančič . Dela . Institute of Geography . 27 . 2007 . 215–246 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120306014932/http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/geo/publikacije/dela/files/Dela_27/12_zupancic.pdf . 6 March 2012.
  9. News: Demografski preobrat: tiha revolucija med nami . sl . The Demographic Overturn: The Silent Revolution Among Us . 20 June 2011 . Milena . Zupanič . Delo.si . Delo, d. d. . 1854-6544.
  10. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=vmAQ_cwR14oC&pg=PA118 . Population Ageing in Central and Eastern Europe: Societal and Policy Implications . Population Ageing in Slovenia and Social Support Networks of Older People . 118–119 . Andreas . Hoff . Valentina . Hlebec . Milivoja . Šircelj . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. . September 2011 . 978-0-7546-7828-1.
  11. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=OgBaG-NB9hMC&pg=PA34 . Slovenia . Strong Growth but an Ageing Workforce . 34 . OECD Publishing . July 2009 . 978-92-64-06894-0.
  12. News: Countries with Aging Populations . CNBC. 23 January 2012 . Rajeshni . Naidu-Ghelani . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130223035533/http://www.cnbc.com/id/46010334/Countries_With_Aging_Populations?slide=3 . 23 February 2013.
  13. http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=2397 Complete life table for the population of Slovenia, 2007
  14. Web site: World Suicide Prevention Day 2010 . Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia . September 2010 . 24 April 2012 . 13 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101113165716/http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=3380 . dead .
  15. Web site: Podatkovna baza SiStat. pxweb.stat.si.
  16. Web site: Database - Eurostat. ec.europa.eu.
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