| Place: | Slovakia |
| Size Of Population: | 5,428,797 (2023)[1] |
| Growth: | 3.60% (2022 est.) |
| Nation: | Slovak |
| Birth: | 9.7 births/1,000 population |
| Death: | 11.0 deaths/1,000 population |
| Life: | 78.31 years |
| Net Migration: | 0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Total Mf Ratio: | 0.94 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
| Infant Mortality: | 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life Male: | 74.83 years |
| Life Female: | 82.04 years |
| Fertility: | 1.57 children |
| Major Ethnic: | Slovaks (83.82%) |
Demographic features of the population of Slovakia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The demographic statistics are from the Statistical Office of the SR, unless otherwise indicated.
Total population: 5,795,199 as of 2023.
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2021.
| -bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | Census Date | Population | Population Density (per km2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1848 | 2,442,000 (est.) | 50 | |
| 1869 | 2,481,811 | 51 | |
| 1880 | 2,477,521 | 51 | |
| 1890 | 2,595,180 | 53 | |
| 1900 | 2,782,925 | 57 | |
| 1910 | 2,916,657 | 60 | |
| February 15, 1921 | 2,993,859 | 61 | |
| December 1, 1930 | 3,324,111 | 68 | |
| October 4, 1946 | 3,327,803 | 68 | |
| March 1, 1950 | 3,442,317 | 70 | |
| March 1, 1961 | 4,174,046 | 85 | |
| December 1, 1970 | 4,537,290 | 93 | |
| November 1, 1980 | 4,991,168 | 102 | |
| March 3, 1991 | 5,274,335 | 108 | |
| May 26, 2001 | 5,379,455 | 110 | |
| May 21, 2011 | 5,397,036 | 110 | |
| June 13, 2021 | 5,449,270 | 111 |
-0.08% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 202nd
The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.
1.45 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 211th27.2 years (2019 est.)
total population: 78.07 years
male: 74.56 years
female: 81.82 years (2021 est.)
0-14 years: 15.13% (male 423,180 /female 400,128)
15-24 years: 10.06% (male 280,284 /female 266,838)
25-54 years: 44.61% (male 1,228,462 /female 1,198,747)
55-64 years: 13.15% (male 342,142 /female 373,452)
65 years and over: 17.05% (male 366,267 /female 561,120) (2020 est.)
total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 41st
male: 40.1 years
female: 43.6 years (2020 est.)
| Population (from 1980 December 31) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Births (per 1000) | Deaths (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Curde migration change (per 1000) | Fertility rates | Induced abortions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | 2,940,000 | 91,729 | 56,866 | 34,863 | 31.2 | 19.3 | 11.9 | 3.64 | ||
| 1920 | 3,001,000 | 97,680 | 61,084 | 36,596 | 32.6 | 20.4 | 12.2 | 8.5 | 4.25 | |
| 1921 | 3,006,000 | 114,947 | 63,507 | 51,440 | 38.2 | 21.1 | 17.1 | -15.4 | 4.96 | |
| 1922 | 3,046,000 | 111,059 | 62,902 | 48,157 | 36.5 | 20.7 | 15.8 | -2.5 | 4.67 | |
| 1923 | 3,095,000 | 111,070 | 54,176 | 56,894 | 35.9 | 17.5 | 18.4 | -2.5 | 4.55 | |
| 1924 | 3,135,000 | 106,062 | 56,322 | 49,740 | 33.8 | 18.0 | 15.9 | -2.3 | 4.25 | |
| 1925 | 3,168,000 | 102,867 | 56,171 | 46,696 | 32.5 | 17.7 | 14.7 | -4.2 | 4.01 | |
| 1926 | 3,202,000 | 103,955 | 59,701 | 44,254 | 32.5 | 18.6 | 13.8 | -3.1 | 3.98 | |
| 1927 | 3,232,000 | 99,891 | 59,172 | 40,719 | 30.9 | 18.3 | 12.6 | -3.2 | 3.76 | |
| 1928 | 3,258,000 | 99,673 | 58,320 | 41,353 | 30.6 | 17.9 | 12.7 | -4.7 | 3.69 | |
| 1929 | 3,286,000 | 95,387 | 56,447 | 38,940 | 29.0 | 17.2 | 11.9 | -3.3 | 3.48 | |
| 1930 | 3,315,000 | 96,898 | 52,268 | 44,630 | 29.2 | 15.8 | 13.5 | -4.7 | 3.49 | |
| 1931 | 3,350,000 | 93,309 | 54,273 | 39,036 | 27.9 | 16.2 | 11.7 | -1.1 | 3.33 | |
| 1932 | 3,388,000 | 93,140 | 52,992 | 40,148 | 27.5 | 15.6 | 11.9 | -0.6 | 3.29 | |
| 1933 | 3,424,000 | 84,975 | 50,655 | 34,320 | 24.8 | 14.8 | 10.0 | 0.6 | 2.96 | |
| 1934 | 3,456,000 | 83,493 | 50,178 | 33,315 | 24.2 | 14.5 | 9.6 | -0.3 | 2.86 | |
| 1935 | 3,486,000 | 82,382 | 49,830 | 32,552 | 23.6 | 14.3 | 9.3 | -0.6 | 2.8 | |
| 1936 | 3,515,000 | 80,923 | 48,547 | 32,376 | 23.0 | 13.8 | 9.2 | -0.6 | 2.79 | |
| 1937 | 3,540,000 | 79,862 | 49,527 | 30,335 | 22.6 | 14.0 | 8.6 | -1.5 | 2.77 | |
| 1938 | 3,726,000 | 80,800 | 49,700 | 31,100 | 21.7 | 13.3 | 8.3 | 44.2 | 2.8 | |
| 1939 | 3,577,000 | 81,200 | 48,800 | 32,400 | 22.7 | 13.6 | 9.1 | style="color:red;" | -49.1 | 2.83 |
| 1940 | 3,553,000 | 85,300 | 52,900 | 32,400 | 24.0 | 14.9 | 9.1 | 15.8 | 2.87 | |
| 1941 | 3,542,000 | 85,700 | 53,600 | 32,100 | 24.2 | 15.1 | 9.1 | -12.2 | 2.9 | |
| 1942 | 3,523,000 | 87,200 | 55,900 | 31,300 | 24.8 | 15.9 | 8.9 | -14.3 | 2.93 | |
| 1943 | 3,503,000 | 87,700 | 50,900 | 36,800 | 25.0 | 14.5 | 10.5 | -16.2 | 2.96 | |
| 1944 | 3,484,000 | 91,600 | 58,100 | 33,500 | 26.3 | 16.7 | 9.6 | -15.0 | 3 | |
| 1945 | 3,459,000 | 81,880 | 67,505 | 14,375 | 23.7 | 19.5 | 4.2 | -11.4 | 3.03 | |
| 1946 | 3,392,000 | 82,204 | 47,589 | 34,615 | 24.2 | 14.0 | 10.2 | -29.6 | 3.09 | |
| 1947 | 3,399,000 | 87,659 | 41,491 | 46,168 | 25.8 | 12.2 | 13.6 | -11.5 | 3.21 | |
| 1948 | 3,446,000 | 91,189 | 40,873 | 50,316 | 26.5 | 11.9 | 14.6 | -0.8 | 3.24 | |
| 1949 | 3,447,000 | 91,053 | 41,727 | 49,326 | 26.4 | 12.1 | 14.3 | -14.0 | 3.28 | |
| 1950 | 3,463,000 | 99,721 | 39,668 | 60,053 | 28.8 | 11.5 | 17.4 | -12.8 | 3.56 | |
| 1951 | 3,509,000 | 100,663 | 40,505 | 60,158 | 28.5 | 11.5 | 17.0 | -3.7 | 3.58 | |
| 1952 | 3,558,000 | 100,824 | 36,897 | 63,927 | 28.0 | 10.2 | 17.7 | -3.7 | 3.57 | |
| 1953 | 3,599,000 | 99,124 | 35,598 | 63,526 | 26.9 | 9.7 | 17.3 | -5.8 | 3.50 | |
| 1954 | 3,661,000 | 98,310 | 34,866 | 63,444 | 26.2 | 9.3 | 16.9 | 0.3 | 3.45 | |
| 1955 | 3,727,000 | 99,305 | 32,917 | 66,388 | 26.0 | 8.6 | 17.4 | 0.6 | 3.47 | |
| 1956 | 3,787,000 | 99,467 | 32,815 | 66,652 | 25.5 | 8.4 | 17.1 | -1.0 | 3.46 | |
| 1957 | 3,844,000 | 97,311 | 35,755 | 61,556 | 24.5 | 9.0 | 15.5 | -0.4 | 3.34 | |
| 1958 | 3,900,000 | 93,272 | 32,106 | 61,166 | 23.1 | 7.9 | 15.1 | -0.5 | 3.25 | 12,383 |
| 1959 | 3,946,000 | 87,991 | 34,077 | 53,914 | 21.5 | 8.3 | 13.1 | -1.3 | 3.07 | 17,217 |
| 1960 | 3,994,000 | 88,412 | 31,609 | 56,803 | 22.1 | 7.9 | 14.2 | -2.0 | 3.08 | 20,738 |
| 1961 | 4,182,000 | 87,359 | 31,403 | 55,956 | 21.6 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 33.3 | 3.04 | 24,244 |
| 1962 | 4,238,000 | 83,899 | 34,398 | 49,501 | 19.8 | 8.1 | 11.7 | 1.7 | 2.84 | 23,784 |
| 1963 | 4,282,000 | 87,158 | 32,978 | 54,180 | 20.4 | 7.7 | 12.7 | -2.3 | 2.95 | 19,076 |
| 1964 | 4,327,000 | 86,878 | 32,875 | 54,003 | 20.1 | 7.6 | 12.5 | -2.0 | 2.91 | 19,174 |
| 1965 | 4,371,000 | 84,257 | 35,910 | 48,347 | 19.3 | 8.2 | 11.1 | -0.9 | 2.80 | 21,037 |
| 1966 | 4,412,000 | 81,453 | 36,357 | 45,096 | 18.5 | 8.2 | 10.2 | -0.8 | 2.68 | 24,445 |
| 1967 | 4,449,000 | 77,537 | 35,458 | 42,079 | 17.4 | 8.0 | 9.5 | -1.1 | 2.50 | 26,571 |
| 1968 | 4,484,000 | 76,370 | 38,076 | 38,294 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 8.5 | -0.6 | 2.40 | 27,398 |
| 1969 | 4,519,000 | 79,769 | 40,623 | 39,146 | 17.7 | 9.0 | 8.7 | -0.9 | 2.43 | 28,534 |
| 1970 | 4,550,000 | 80,666 | 42,240 | 38,426 | 17.7 | 9.3 | 8.4 | -1.5 | 2.40 | 27,873 |
| 1971 | 4,557,000 | 83,062 | 42,856 | 40,206 | 18.2 | 9.4 | 8.8 | -7.3 | 2.42 | 28,619 |
| 1972 | 4,597,000 | 87,794 | 41,410 | 46,384 | 19.1 | 9.0 | 10.1 | -1.3 | 2.49 | 26,213 |
| 1973 | 4,641,000 | 92,953 | 43,759 | 49,194 | 20.0 | 9.4 | 10.6 | -1.0 | 2.56 | 25,335 |
| 1974 | 4,690,000 | 97,585 | 44,934 | 52,651 | 20.8 | 9.6 | 11.2 | -0.6 | 2.60 | 26,086 |
| 1975 | 4,739,000 | 97,649 | 45,248 | 52,401 | 20.6 | 9.5 | 11.1 | -0.7 | 2.53 | 26,160 |
| 1976 | 4,790,000 | 99,814 | 45,420 | 54,394 | 20.8 | 9.5 | 11.4 | -0.6 | 2.52 | 27,700 |
| 1977 | 4,841,000 | 99,533 | 47,181 | 52,352 | 20.6 | 9.7 | 10.8 | -0.2 | 2.47 | 27,875 |
| 1978 | 4,890,000 | 100,193 | 47,778 | 52,415 | 20.5 | 9.8 | 10.7 | -0.6 | 2.45 | 28,641 |
| 1979 | 4,939,000 | 100,240 | 47,837 | 52,403 | 20.3 | 9.7 | 10.6 | -0.6 | 2.44 | 29,981 |
| 1980 | 4,996,000[2] | 95,100 | 50,579 | 44,521 | 19.1 | 10.1 | 8.9 | 2.6 | 2.31 | 31,240 |
| 1981 | 5,036,000 | 93,290 | 49,632 | 43,658 | 18.6 | 9.9 | 8.7 | -0.7 | 2.28 | 31,943 |
| 1982 | 5,074,000 | 92,618 | 50,393 | 42,225 | 18.3 | 10.0 | 8.4 | -0.9 | 2.26 | 33,107 |
| 1983 | 5,110,000 | 92,053 | 52,433 | 39,620 | 18.1 | 10.3 | 7.8 | -0.7 | 2.27 | 33,625 |
| 1984 | 5,145,000 | 90,843 | 51,739 | 39,104 | 17.7 | 10.1 | 7.6 | -0.8 | 2.25 | 34,268 |
| 1985 | 5,179,000 | 90,155 | 52,464 | 37,691 | 17.5 | 10.2 | 7.3 | -0.7 | 2.26 | 36,283 |
| 1986 | 5,209,000 | 87,138 | 53,233 | 33,905 | 16.8 | 10.3 | 6.5 | -0.7 | 2.20 | 40,624 |
| 1987 | 5,237,000 | 84,006 | 52,980 | 31,026 | 16.1 | 10.1 | 5.9 | -0.5 | 2.18 | 49,690 |
| 1988 | 5,264,000 | 83,242 | 52,475 | 30,767 | 15.9 | 10.0 | 5.9 | -0.7 | 2.15 | 51,000 |
| 1989 | 5,288,000 | 80,116 | 53,902 | 26,214 | 15.2 | 10.2 | 5.0 | -0.4 | 2.08 | 48,602 |
| 1990 | 5,311,000 | 79,989 | 54,619 | 25,370 | 15.1 | 10.3 | 4.8 | -0.5 | 2.09 | 48,437 |
| 1991 | 5,296,000 | 78,569 | 54,618 | 23,951 | 14.9 | 10.3 | 4.5 | -7.3 | 2.05 | 45,902 |
| 1992 | 5,314,000 | 74,640 | 53,423 | 21,217 | 14.1 | 10.1 | 4.0 | -0.6 | 1.99 | 42,626 |
| 1993 | 5,336,000 | 73,256 | 52,707 | 20,549 | 13.8 | 9.9 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 1.93 | 38,815 |
| 1994 | 5,356,000 | 66,370 | 51,386 | 14,984 | 12.4 | 9.6 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 1.67 | 34,883 |
| 1995 | 5,368,000 | 61,427 | 52,686 | 8,741 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.52 | 29,409 |
| 1996 | 5,379,000 | 60,123 | 51,236 | 8,887 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 1.47 | 25,173 |
| 1997 | 5,388,000 | 59,310 | 52,080 | 7,230 | 11.0 | 9.7 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.43 | 22,318 |
| 1998 | 5,393,000 | 57,582 | 53,156 | 4,426 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 1.37 | 21,109 |
| 1999 | 5,399,000 | 56,223 | 52,402 | 3,821 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.33 | 19,949 |
| 2000 | 5,403,000 | 55,151 | 52,724 | 2,427 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.29 | 18,468 |
| 2001 | 5,379,000 | 51,136 | 51,980 | -844 | 9.5 | 9.7 | -0.2 | -4.2 | 1.20 | 18,026 |
| 2002 | 5,379,000 | 50,841 | 51,532 | -691 | 9.5 | 9.6 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 1.19 | 17,382 |
| 2003 | 5,380,000 | 51,713 | 52,230 | -517 | 9.6 | 9.7 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 1.20 | 16,222 |
| 2004 | 5,385,000 | 53,747 | 51,852 | 1,895 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.24 | 15,307 |
| 2005 | 5,389,000 | 54,430 | 53,475 | 955 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.25 | 14,427 |
| 2006 | 5,394,000 | 53,904 | 53,301 | 603 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.24 | 14,243 |
| 2007 | 5,401,000 | 54,424 | 53,856 | 568 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.26 | 13,424 |
| 2008 | 5,412,000 | 57,360 | 53,164 | 4,196 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.32 | 13,394 |
| 2009 | 5,425,000 | 61,217 | 52,913 | 8,304 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.41 | 13,240 |
| 2010 | 5,435,000 | 60,410 | 53,445 | 6,965 | 11.1 | 9.8 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.40 | 12,582 |
| 2011 | 5,404,000 | 60,813 | 51,903 | 8,910 | 11.3 | 9.6 | 1.7 | -7.4 | 1.45 | 11,789 |
| 2012 | 5,411,000 | 55,535 | 52,437 | 3,098 | 10.3 | 9.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.34 | 11,214 |
| 2013 | 5,416,000 | 54,823 | 52,089 | 2,734 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.34 | 11,105 |
| 2014 | 5,421,000 | 55,033 | 51,346 | 3,687 | 10.2 | 9.5 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.37 | 10,582 |
| 2015 | 5,426,000 | 55,604 | 53,826 | 1,778 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.40 | 10,058 |
| 2016 | 5,435,000 | 57,557 | 52,351 | 5,206 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.48 | 9,390 |
| 2017[3] [4] | 5,443,000 | 57,969 | 53,914 | 4,055 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.52 | 9,083 |
| 2018 | 5,450,000 | 57,639 | 54,293 | 3,346 | 10.6 | 10.0 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.54 | 9,039 |
| 2019 | 5,458,000 | 57,054 | 53,234 | 3,820 | 10.5 | 9.8 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 1.56 | 6,682 |
| 2020[5] | 5,459,781 | 56,650 | 59,089 | -2,439 | 10.4 | 10.8 | -0.4 | 0.8 | 1.59 | 6,180 |
| 2021 | 5,434,712 | 56,565 | 73,461 | -16,896 | 10.4 | 13.5 | -3.1 | -1.5 | 1.64 | 5,552 |
| 2022 | 5,428,800 | 52,668 | 59,583 | -6,915 | 9.7 | 11.0 | -1.3 | 0.2 | 1.57 | 5,891 |
| 2023 | 5,424,687[6] | 48,627 | 54,133 | -5,506 | 9.0 | 10.0 | -1.0 | 0.3 | ||
| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January - May 2023 | 19,924 | 22,886 | -2,962 | |
| January - May 2024 | 19,323 | 22,078 | -2,755 | |
| Difference | -601 (-3.02%) | -808 (-3.53%) | +207 |
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 2 666 486 | 2 793 295 | 5 459 781 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 151 050 | 143 932 | 294 982 | 5.40 |
| 5–9 | 148 703 | 141 292 | 289 995 | 5.31 |
| 10–14 | 145 175 | 138 142 | 283 317 | 5.19 |
| 15–19 | 134 762 | 127 412 | 262 174 | 4.80 |
| 20–24 | 146 693 | 139 514 | 286 207 | 5.24 |
| 25–29 | 178 989 | 171 583 | 350 572 | 6.42 |
| 30–34 | 205 583 | 197 417 | 403 000 | 7.38 |
| 35–39 | 223 148 | 210 774 | 433 922 | 7.95 |
| 40–44 | 233 997 | 219 935 | 453 932 | 8.31 |
| 45–49 | 210 693 | 203 524 | 414 217 | 7.59 |
| 50–54 | 172 944 | 172 772 | 345 716 | 6.33 |
| 55–59 | 174 312 | 181 729 | 356 041 | 6.52 |
| 60–64 | 167 771 | 185 911 | 353 682 | 6.48 |
| 65-69 | 150 908 | 184 068 | 334 976 | 6.14 |
| 70-74 | 103 829 | 143 803 | 247 632 | 4.54 |
| 75-79 | 59 778 | 100 517 | 160 295 | 2.94 |
| 80-84 | 34 122 | 69 918 | 104 040 | 1.91 |
| 85-89 | 16 505 | 40 150 | 56 655 | 1.04 |
| 90-94 | 5 395 | 15 678 | 21 073 | 0.39 |
| 95-99 | 1 462 | 4 076 | 5 538 | 0.10 |
| 100+ | 667 | 1 148 | 1 815 | 0.03 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 444 928 | 423 366 | 868 294 | 15.90 |
| 15–64 | 1 848 892 | 1 810 571 | 3 659 463 | 67.03 |
| 65+ | 372 666 | 559 358 | 932 024 | 17.07 |
Slovak (official) 81.77%, Hungarian 8.48%, Roma 1.84%, Rusyn 0.71%, other or unspecified 7.2% (2021 census)
Total: 19.4%. Country comparison to the world: 81st
Male: 98.6%
Female: 21.2% (2020 est.)
The majority of the 5.4 million inhabitants of Slovakia are Slovak (83.82%). Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority (7.75%) and are concentrated in the southern and eastern regions of Slovakia. Other ethnic groups include Roma (1.23%), Czechs, Croats, Rusyns, Ukrainians, Germans, Poles, Gorals, Serbs[8] and Jews (about 2,300 remain of the estimated pre-WWII population of 120,000).
While both international organizations (the United Nations and the World Bank) and the official Slovak statistics office offer population figures for ethnic groups, these figures seldom come close to agreement. Figures for the Roma population (for a variety of reasons) vary between 1% and 10% of the population. In the most recent survey carried out by the Slovak Government's Roma Plenipotentiary, the figure for the percentage of Roma was arrived at through interview with municipality representatives and mayors, according to how many Roma they think live in their jurisdictions. The figure arrived at by this means was in the region of 300,000 (about 5.6%). Note that in the case of the 5.6%, however, the above percentages of Hungarians and Slovaks are lower accordingly.
| Ethnic group | census 1950 | census 1961 | census 1970 | census 1980 | census 1991 | census 2001 | census 2011 | census 2021[11] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | ||
| Slovaks | 86.6 | 85.3 | 85.5 | 4,317,008 | 86.5 | 4,519,328 | 85.7 | 4,614,854 | 85.8 | 4,352,775 | 80.7 | 4,567,547 | |||||
| Hungarians | 10.3 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 559,490 | 11.2 | 567,296 | 10.8 | 520,528 | 9.7 | 458,467 | 8.5 | 422,065 | |||||
| Romani1 | - | - | - | - | - | 75,802 | 1.4 | 89,920 | 1.7 | 105,738 | 2.0 | 67,179 | |||||
| Czechs | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 57,197 | 1.1 | 59,326 | 1.1 | 44,620 | 0.8 | 30,367 | 0.6 | 28,996 | |||||
| Rusyns | 1.4 | - | 0.9 | 36,850 | 0.7 | 17,197 | 0.3 | 24,201 | 0.4 | 33,482 | 0.6 | 23,746 | |||||
| Ukrainians | 13,281 | 0.3 | 10,814 | 0.2 | 7,430 | 0.1 | 9,451 | ||||||||||
| Others/undeclared | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 20,623 | 0.4 | 22,105 | 0.4 | 74,518 | 1.4 | 408,777 | 7.5 | 330,286 | |||||
| Total | 3,442,317 | 4,174,046 | 4,537,290 | 4,991,168 | 5,274,335 | 5,379,455 | 5,397,036 | 5,450,421 | |||||||||
| 1 Before 1991 the Romani were not recognized as a separate ethnic group | |||||||||||||||||
The official state language is Slovak, and Hungarian is widely spoken in the southern regions.
Despite its modern European economy and society, Slovakia has a significant rural element. About 45% of Slovaks live in villages with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants, and 14% in villages with fewer than 1,000.
Foreign residents:[12]
| 2023 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Total | 294,067 | |
| 165,041 | ||
| 19,065 | ||
| 12,702 | ||
| 9,606 | ||
| 8,448 | ||
| 8,092 | ||
| 6,756 | ||
| 6,072 | ||
| 4,497 | ||
| 4,245 | ||
| 3,510 | ||
| 2,977 | ||
| 2,791 | ||
| 2,706 | ||
| 2,586 | ||
| 2,580 | ||
| 1,753 | ||
| 1,602 | ||
| 1,540 | ||
| 1,497 | ||
| 1,319 | ||
| 1,224 | ||
| 1,223 | ||
| 1,184 | ||
| 1,179 | ||
| 1,176 | ||
| 1,147 | ||
| 1,100 | ||
| 1,033 | ||
| Others/undeclared | 15,416 |
| 1993 | 9,106 | 7,355 | 1,751 | |
| 1995 | 3,055 | 213 | 2,842 | |
| 1996 | 2,477 | 222 | 2,255 | |
| 1997 | 2,303 | 572 | 1,731 | |
| 1998 | 2,052 | 746 | 1,306 | |
| 1999 | 2,072 | 618 | 1,454 | |
| 2000 | 2,274 | 811 | 1,463 | |
| 2001 | 2,023 | 1,011 | 1,012 | |
| 2002 | 2,312 | 1,411 | 901 | |
| 2003 | 2,603 | 1,194 | 1,409 | |
| 2004 | 4,460 | 1,586 | 2,874 | |
| 2005 | 5,276 | 1,873 | 3,403 | |
| 2006 | 5,589 | 1,735 | 3,854 | |
| 2007 | 8,624 | 1,831 | 6,793 | |
| 2008 | 8,765 | 1,705 | 7,060 | |
| 2009 | 6,346 | 1,979 | 4,367 | |
| 2010 | 5,272 | 1,889 | 3,383 | |
| 2011 | 4,829 | 1,863 | 2,966 | |
| 2012 | 5,419 | 2,003 | 3,416 | |
| 2013 | 5,149 | 2,770 | 2,379 | |
| 2014 | 5,357 | 3,644 | 1,713 | |
| 2015 | 6,997 | 3,870 | 3,127 | |
| 2016 | 7,686 | 3,801 | 3,885 | |
| 2017 | 7,188 | 3,466 | 3,722 | |
| 2018 | 7,253 | 3,298 | 3,955 | |
| 2019 | 7,016 | 3,384 | 3,632 | |
| 2020 | 6,775 | 2,428 | 4,347 | |
| 2021 | 5,733 | 3,395 | 2,338 | |
| 2022 | 5,463 | 4,468 | 995 | |
| 2023 | 5,923 | 4,522 | 1,401 |
See main article: Religion in Slovakia. The Slovak constitution guarantees freedom of religion. The majority of Slovak citizens (55,76%) practice Roman Catholicism; the second-largest group consider themselves atheists (23.79%). About 5.27% are Protestants, 4% are Greek Catholics, and 0.93% are Orthodox and Reformed Christian Church 1.56% (2021 census).