Demographics of Mongolia explained

Size Of Population:	3,296,866^[1] (2020 census)
Density:	1.76/km²
Growth:	1.46% (2010 census)
Birth:	20.7 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
Death:	6.01 deaths/1,000 population (2012 est.)
Life:	68.63 years (2012 est.)
Life Male:	66.16 years (2012 est.)
Life Female:	71.23 years (2012 est.)
Infant Mortality:	13.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2019 est.)
Fertility:	2.87 (2019 est.)
Age 0-14 Years:	27.1%^[2] (2012 est.)
Age 15-64 Years:	68.9% (2012 est.)
Age 65 Years:	4% (2012 est.)
Total Mf Ratio:	1 male(s)/female (2012 est.)
Sr At Birth:	1.05 male(s)/female (2012 est.)
Sr Under 15:	1.04 male(s)/female (2012 est.)
Sr 15-64 Years:	1 male(s)/female (2012 est.)
Sr 65 Years Over:	0.77 male(s)/female (2012 est.)
Nation:	Mongolian
Minor Ethnic:	Kazakh
Spoken:	Mongolian, Kazakh

This article on the demographics of Mongolia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

Segments

Youth

Vital statistics

UN estimates

Period^[3]	Live births per year	Deaths per year	Natural change per year	CBR¹	CDR¹	NC¹	TFR¹	IMR¹
1950–1955	33 000	18 000	15 000	40.0	21.4	18.6	5.60	182.9
1955–1960	39 000	19 000	20 000	43.0	20.7	22.2	6.30	164.9
1960–1965	49 000	19 000	30 000	47.9	18.4	29.5	7.50	134.5
1965–1970	54 000	19 000	34 000	44.8	15.9	28.8	7.50	118.6
1970–1975	59 000	19 000	40 000	43.0	13.9	29.1	7.50	106.5
1975–1980	63 000	21 000	42 000	39.6	13.1	26.5	6.65	104.5
1980–1985	69 000	22 000	47 000	38.1	12.4	25.7	5.75	102.3
1985–1990	75 000	22 000	53 000	36.6	10.8	25.9	4.90	91.7
1990–1995	62 000	22 000	40 000	27.6	9.6	18.0	3.30	66.6
1995–2000	52 000	20 000	33 000	22.1	8.3	13.8	2.50	54.7
2000–2005	47 000	17 000	30 000	18.9	7.2	11.7	2.08	43.5
2005–2010	62 000	17 000	45 000	22.4	6.9	15.5	2.40	36.0
2010–2015				26.1	6.3	19.8	2.84
2015–2020				24.4	6.3	18.1	2.90
2020–2025				20.5	6.4	14.1	2.73
2025–2030				18.1	6.7	11.4	2.59
¹ CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Registered births and deaths

^[4] ^[5]	Average population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Total fertility rate
1934		10,622	8,991	1,631
1935	738,200	13,700	12,083	1,617	18.6	16.4	2.2
1936	737,900	12,209	17,049	−4,840	16.5	23.1	−6.6
1937	740,000	14,126	14,747	−621	19.1	19.9	−0.8
1938	747,600	15,492	15,101	391	20.7	20.2	0.5
1939	736,400	14,092	17,242	−3,150	19.1	23.4	−4.3
1940	738,600	19,046	15,906	3,140	25.8	21.5	4.3
1941	743,800
1942	749,000
1943	754,200
1944	759,100
1945	759,300
1946	759,400
1947	759,700
1948	759,200
1949	758,700
1950	758,000
1951	772,400	11,015	7,598	3,417
1952	786,100	14,218	9,205	5,013
1953	799,900	23,989	10,953	13,036
1954	813,600	21,394	11,068	10,326
1955	827,300	26,889	11,823	15,066
1956	845,500	26,825	10,573	16,252
1957	862,000	32,594	9,722	22,872
1958	884,800	34,654	9,895	24,759
1959	909,600	36,624	9,345	27,279
1960	936,900	41,202	10,043	31,159	44.0	10.7	33.3
1961	968,100	40,036	10,030	30,006	41.4	10.4	31.0
1962	998,000	42,144	10,192	31,952	42.2	10.2	32.0
1963	1,017,100	40,250	12,168	28,082	39.0	11.8	27.2
1964	1,045,200	42,001	11,215	30,786	39.6	10.6	29.0
1965	1,076,000	41,427	13,072	28,355	38.0	12.0	26.0
1966	1,104,400	43,150	13,097	30,053	38.5	11.7	26.8
1967	1,134,400	43,650	13,563	30,087	38.0	11.8	26.2
1968	1,164,500	46,159	13,085	33,074	38.8	11.1	27.7
1969	1,197,600	46,849	13,905	32,944	38.6	11.5	27.1
1970	1,230,500	50,152	15,314	34,838	40.2	12.3	27.9
1971	1,265,400	49,917	13,857	36,060	38.8	10.8	28.0
1972	1,301,400	52,796	14,727	38,069	40.0	11.4	28.8
1973	1,339,500	54,841	13,611	41,230	40.3	10.0	30.3
1974	1,380,700	56,218	12,555	43,663	40.1	9.0	31.1
1975	1,424,400	56,953	14,445	42,508	39.4	10.0	29.4
1976	1,466,900	55,224	14,757	40,467	37.1	9.9	27.2
1977	1,512,400	56,683	15,490	41,193	37.0	10.1	26.9
1978	1,553,600	60,291	14,238	46,053	38.3	9.0	29.3
1979	1,595,000	60,233	15,375	44,858	37.2	9.5	27.7
1980	1,639,700	63,068	17,331	45,737	39.2	10.4	28.8	6.411
1981	1,682,000	62,751	15,787	46,964	36.8	9.2	27.6
1982	1,724,700	64,210	16,568	47,642	36.8	9.5	27.3
1983	1,767,500	65,020	17,620	47,400	36.4	9.9	26.5
1984	1,808,900	68,129	20,359	47,770	37.2	11.1	26.1
1985	1,854,300	69,627	18,688	50,939	38.2	10.0	28.2	5.476
1986	1,900,600	71,801	16,424	55,377	37.3	8.5	28.8
1987	1,949,700	71,437	15,930	55,507	36.2	8.1	28.1
1988	1,997,000	75,832	17,689	58,143	37.5	8.7	28.8
1989	2,043,954	73,593	17,000	56,593	35.5	8.2	27.3
1990	2,153,466	73,209	17,559	55,650	34.9	8.4	26.5	4.472
1991	2,177,217	70,083	18,734	51,349	32.4	8.7	23.7	4.009
1992	2,158,362	63,258	18,288	44,970	29.2	8.4	20.8	3.512
1993	2,171,898	47,871	17,606	30,265	22.1	8.1	14.0	2.532
1994	2,206,892	52,962	16,546	36,416	24.2	7.6	16.6	2.694
1995	2,242,998	54,293	16,794	37,499	24.4	7.5	16.9	2.760
1996	2,276,016	51,806	17,550	34,256	21.8	7.8	14.0	2.506
1997	2,307,484	49,488	16,980	32,508	21.6	7.4	14.2	2.351
1998	2,340,134	49,256	15,799	33,457	21.2	6.8	14.4	2.304
1999	2,373,493	49,461	16,105	33,356	21.0	6.8	14.2	2.318
2000	2,403,105	48,721	15,472	33,249	20.4	6.5	13.9	2.243
2001	2,432,397	49,685	15,999	33,686	20.6	6.6	14.0	2.221
2002	2,465,657	46,922	15,857	31,065	19.2	6.5	12.7	2.076
2003	2,495,091	45,723	16,006	29,717	18.4	6.5	11.9	2.014
2004	2,521,733	45,501	16,404	29,097	18.1	6.5	11.6	1.984
2005	2,551,081	45,326	16,480	28,846	17.9	6.5	11.4	1.968
2006	2,583,254	49,092	16,682	32,410	19.1	6.5	12.6	2.081
2007	2,620,446	56,636	16,259	40,377	21.8	6.2	15.6	2.341
2008	2,665,955	63,768	15,413	48,355	24.1	5.8	18.3	2.633
2009	2,716,275	69,167	16,911	52,256	25.7	6.3	19.4	2.753
2010	2,760,968	63,270	18,293	44,977	23.1	6.7	16.4	2.431
2011	2,811,666	69,853	19,155	50,698	25.1	6.9	18.2	2.609
2012	2,867,744	73,839	17,761	56,078	26.0	6.3	19.7	2.741
2013	2,930,277	79,780	17,247	62,533	27.5	5.9	21.6	3.006
2014	2,995,949	82,839	16,521	66,318	28.0	5.6	22.4	3.070
2015	3,057,778	82,130	17,620	64,510	27.1	5.8	21.3	3.015
2016	3,119,935	79,920	17,763	62,157	25.9	5.8	20.1	2.950
2017	3,177,899	75,321	17,357	57,964	23.9	5.5	18.4	2.790
2018	3,238,479	78,444	17,864	60,580	24.5	5.6	18.9	2.920
2019	3,296,866	79,580	18,403	61,177	24.4	5.6	18.8	2.986
2020	3,357,542	77,716	17,040	60,676	23.2	4.8	18.4	2.936
2021	3,409,939	73,253	20,856	52,397	21.7	5.9	15.8	2.785
2022	3,457,548	66,910	19,301	47,609	19.4	5.2	14.2	2.714
2023	3,504,741	66,234	19,041	47,193	19.0	5.0	14.0	2.565

Current vital statistics

^[6]


Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January–July 2023	38,532	10,132	+28,400
January–July 2024	33,797	10,209	+23,588
Difference	−4,735 (−12.3%)	+77 (+0.8%)	−4,812

Life expectancy

Period	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	43.2	1985–1990	59.6
1955–1960	46.1	1990–1995	60.8
1960–1965	50.7	1995–2000	61.8
1965–1970	53.9	2000–2005	64.1
1970–1975	56.4	2005–2010	66.1
1975–1980	56.9	2010–2015	68.5
1980–1985	57.3

Source: UN World Population Prospects^[7]

Structure of the population

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	1 313 968	1 333 577	2 647 545	100
0–4	146 516	141 981	288 497	10.90
5–9	110 117	106 097	216 214	8.17
10–14	120 064	116 801	236 865	8.95
15–19	130 560	127 085	257 645	9.73
20–24	147 472	144 711	292 183	11.04
25–29	124 490	123 493	247 983	9.37
30–34	111 976	110 546	222 522	8.40
35–39	100 819	101 564	202 383	7.64
40–44	88 273	90 994	179 267	6.77
45–49	77 475	81 281	158 756	6.00
50–54	58 009	64 073	122 082	4.61
55–59	33 384	38 605	71 989	2.72
60–64	22 106	27 347	49 453	1.87
65–69	17 262	20 970	38 232	1.44
70–74	13 081	16 251	29 332	1.11
75–79	7 252	11 365	18 617	0.70
80–84	3 258	5 908	9 166	0.35
85–89	1 378	3 037	4 415	0.17
90–94	383	1 076	1 459	0.06
95–99	80	322	402	0.02
100+	13	70	83	<0.01
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	376 697	364 879	741 576	28.01
15–64	894 564	909 699	1 804 263	68.15
65+	42 707	58 999	101 706	3.84

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	1 409 648	1 489 363	2 899 011	100
0–4	158 578	153 763	312 341	10.77
5–9	121 534	118 706	240 240	8.29
10–14	119 093	116 891	235 984	8.14
15–19	125 751	127 324	253 075	8.73
20–24	149 565	154 323	303 888	10.48
25–29	143 113	149 877	292 990	10.11
30–34	122 710	130 973	253 683	8.75
35–39	111 396	119 629	231 025	7.97
40–44	95 134	104 034	199 168	6.87
45–49	82 000	91 869	173 868	6.00
50–54	65 965	75 237	141 201	4.87
55–59	42 749	50 508	93 257	3.22
60–64	25 525	31 862	57 386	1.98
65–69	17 524	22 340	39 864	1.38
70–74	14 689	18 102	32 790	1.13
75–79	8 092	11 753	19 845	0.68
80–84	4 126	7 454	11 580	0.40
85–89	1 512	3 020	4 532	0.16
90–94	509	1 343	1 852	0.06
95–99	73	281	354	0.01
100+	15	80	95	<0.01
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	399 205	389 360	788 565	27.20
15–64	963 903	1 035 630	1 999 533	68.97
65+	46 540	64 373	110 913	3.83

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	1 576 930	1 620 090	3 197 020	100
0–4	196 803	186 456	383 259	11.99
5–9	188 352	179 962	368 314	11.52
10–14	140 208	134 666	274 874	8.60
15–19	110 141	106 626	216 767	6.78
20–24	113 271	112 114	225 385	7.05
25–29	130 143	129 056	259 199	8.11
30–34	143 491	143 359	286 850	8.97
35–39	119 621	120 173	239 794	7.50
40–44	106 169	109 049	215 218	6.73
45–49	93 162	98 495	191 657	5.99
50–54	76 257	86 183	162 440	5.08
55–59	64 238	76 928	141 166	4.42
60–64	41 768	54 458	96 226	3.01
65–69	22 808	32 535	55 343	1.73
70–74	12 878	19 928	32 806	1.03
75–79	9 984	15 179	25 163	0.79
80–84	4 918	8 293	13 211	0.41
85–89	2 069	4 792	6 861	0.21
90–94	527	1 370	1 897	0.06
95–99	110	401	511	0.02
100+	12	67	79	<0.01
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	525 363	501 084	1 026 447	32.11
15–64	998 261	1 036 441	2 034 702	63.64
65+	53 306	82 565	135 871	4.25

Ethnicity and languages

The demonym for the people of Mongolia is Mongolian. The name Mongol usually accounts for people of the Mongol ethnic group, thus excluding Turkic groups such as Kazakhs and Tuvans.

Ethnic Mongols account for about 96% of the population and consist of Khalkh and other subgroups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the Mongolian language. The Khalkhs make up 86% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 14% include Oirats, Buryats and others. Ethnic distinctions among the Mongol subgroups are relatively minor. Language or tribal differences are not a political or social issue.

Turkic speaking Kazakhs form the largest ethnic minority and constitute c. 3.9% of Mongolia's population. Khotons and Chantuu are Mongolized people with Turkic origin and speak Mongolian.

In around 1860, part of the Middle jüz Kazakhs who sought refuge from Qing Empire massacre in Xinjiang came to Mongolia and were allowed to settle down in Bayan-Ölgii Province. There are smaller numbers of Russian, Chinese, Korean and American people working in Mongolia since 1990. 3,000 Westerners live in Mongolia, accounting for 0.1% of its total population.^[8]

English is the most widely used foreign language followed by Russian. Lately, Chinese,^[9] Japanese, Korean and German are gaining popularity.

Ethnicity

National censuses data^[10]
Ethnic groups	Ethno-linguistic family	1956	1963	1969	1979	1989	2000	2010^[11]	2020^[12]
Khalkh		639,141	775,376	911,079	1,235,806	1,610,424	1,934,674	2,168,141	2,659,985
Kazakh		36,729	47,735	62,812	84,305	120,506	102,983	101,526	120,999
Dörbet		25,667	31,339	34,725	45,053	55,208	66,706	72,403	83,719
Bayid		15,874	19,891	25,479	31,053	39,233	50,824	56,573	63,775
Buryat		24,625	28,523	29,772	29,802	35,444	40,620	45,087	43,661
Zakhchin		15,772	14,399	15,662	18,957	23,478	25,183	32,845	37,407
Dariganga		16,852	18,587	20,603	24,564	29,040	31,909	27,412	36,419
Altai Uriankhai		10,833^[13]	13,140	15,057	19,475	22,998	29,766	26,654	29,021
Darkhad		10,833^[13]	8,826	10,174	10,716	14,757	19,019	21,558	24,549
Uuld								15,520	14,666
Khotogoid		...	...	...	...	...	7,237	15,460	8,583
Torguud		4,729	6,028	7,119	8,617	10,050	12,628	14,176	15,596
Khotons		2,603	2,874	4,056	4,380	6,076	9,014	11,304	12,057
Myangad		2,518	2,712	3,222	4,173	4,760	6,028	6,592	8,125
Tuvan		...	...	...	...	...	4,778	5,169	2,354
Barga		2,458	2,343	2,305	1,999	2,130	2,506	2,989	2,832
Üzemchin		2,046	2,070	2,127	2,030	2,086	2,386	2,577	2,308
Eljigin		...	...	...	...	...	151	1,340	1,034
Sartuul		...	...	...	...	...	1,540	1,286	2,023
Hamnigan of Tungusic origin		...	...	...	...	...	565	537	384
Tsaatan		...	...	...	...	...	303	282	208
Chantuu		...	...	...	...	...	380	260	202
Kharchin		...	...	...	...	...	266	152	154
Chahar		...	...	...	...	...	123	132	...
Khoshut									382
(Huuchid)		...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
(Baarin)		...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
(Khorchin)		...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
(Tümed)		...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Russian nationals		13,444	8,905	1,433	196	140	2,020	2,474
Chinese nationals		16,157	21,981	725	344	247	3,374	8,688
Korean nationals		...	...	...	...	...	338	1,522
American nationals		...	...	...	...	...	303	656
Others		11,125	6,819	35,045	8,653	1,509	...	...	4,122
Mongolia		845,481	1,017,162	1,188,271	1,538,980	1,987,274	2,365,269	2,754,685	3,174,565

Literacy

Literacy rate is the percentage of people over the age of 15 who can read and write.

Total population: 98.3%^[14]

After a decline in enrollment ratios during the transition to a market economy in the 1990s, school attendance is now once more near-universal: primary school attendance rate is estimated at 97%, and adult literacy at 98%.^[15]

Religions

See main article: Religion in Mongolia. Various forms of Shamanism have been widely practiced throughout the history of what is now Mongolia, as such beliefs were common among nomadic people in Asian history. Such beliefs gradually gave way to Tibetan Buddhism, but shamanism has left a mark on Mongolian religious culture, and continues to be practiced.

Traditionally, Tibetan Buddhism was the predominant religion. However, it was suppressed under the communist regime until 1990, with only one showcase monastery allowed to remain. Since 1990, as liberalization began, Buddhism has encountered a resurgence.

Religions in Mongolia
(population aged 15 and above)
Year	Buddhism		Islam		Shamanism		Christianity		Other religions		Atheism		Year
Year		%		%		%		%		%		%	Year
2010	909,357		190,702		155,174		41,117		6,933		835,283		3,000,000
2020^[16]

Urbanization

Life in sparsely populated Mongolia has become more urbanized. Nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers. Semi nomadic life still predominates in the countryside, but settled agricultural communities are becoming more common. Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.6% (2020 census). About two-thirds of the total population is under age 30, 36% of whom are under 14.

Key: For population growth 1979–2008

Salmon cells indicate that the population has declined or experienced minimal (<1%) growth.
Light green cells indicate a growth between 1–2%.
Dark green cells indicate a growth of greater than or equal to 2%.

Rank	Name	Mongolian	Inhabitants (1979 est.^[17] ^[18] ^[19])	Inhabitants (1989 est.^[20])	Inhabitants (2000 census^[21])	Inhabitants (est. 2008)	Change since 1979	Growth Percentage/Year	Administrative Unit
1.	Ulaanbaatar ^*	Улаанбаатар	396,300	540,600	711,900	1,008,738	612,438	+5.2%	Ulaanbaatar
2.		Эрдэнэт	29,100	style="text-align: center; background:;"	-	68,310	86,866	57,766	+6.6%	Orkhon
3.		Дархан	49,100	style="text-align: center; background:;"	-	65,791	74,300	25,200	+1.7%	Darkhan-Uul
4.		Чойбалсан	28,500	37,300	40,123	38,150	9,650	+1.1%	Dornod
5.		Мөрөн	16,500	21,300	28,903	36,082	19,582	+4.0%	Khövsgöl
6.		Налайх	-	style="text-align: center; background:;"	-	23,600	29,115	5,515	+3.0%	Ulaanbaatar
7.		Ховд	17,500	24,100	25,765	28,601	11,101	+2.1%	Khovd
8.		Өлгий	18,700	27,200	25,791	27,855	9,155	+1.6%	Bayan-Ölgii
9.		Баянхонгор	16,300	21,200	22,066	26,252	9,952	+2.0%	Bayankhongor
10.		Багануур	-	style="text-align: center; background:;"	-	21,100	25,877	4,777	+1.8%	Ulaanbaatar
11.		Багануур	12,300	16,900	19,058	25,622	13,322	+3.6%	Övörkhangai
12.		Улаангом	17,900	22,900	25,993	21,406	3,506	+0.67%	Uvs
13.		Сүхбаатар	14,300	19,600	22,374	19,626	5,326	+1.2%	Selenge
14.		Сайншанд	11,100	10,300	18,290	25,210	14,110	+4.2%	Dornogovi
15.		Даланзадгад	10,000	14,300	14,050	16,856	6,856	+2.3%	Ömnögovi
16.		Цэцэрлэг	14,700	20,300	18,519	16,300	1,600	+0.37%	Arkhangai
17.		Улиастай	15,400	20,300	18,154	16,240	840	+0.17%	Zavkhan
18.		Алтай	13,700	18,800	15,741	15,800	2,100	+0.5%	Govi-Altai
19.		Зүүнхараа	11,400	-	15,000⁽²⁰⁰⁴⁾	-	3,600	+1.1%	Selenge
20.		Өндөрхаан	11,100	14,400	18,003	14,800	3,700	+1.1%	Khentii
21.		Зуунмод	9,800	15,800	14,837	14,568	4,768	+1.6%	Töv
22.		Баруун-Урт	11,600	16,100	15,133	12,994	1,394	+0.4%	Sükhbaatar
23.		Замын-Үүд	-	style="text-align: center; background:;"	-	5,486	11,527	6,041	+13.8%	Dornogovi
24.		Булган	11,300	12,800	12,681	11,198	−102	−0.03%	Bulgan
25.		Мандалговь	10,200	16,100	14,517	10,299	99	+0.03%	Dundgovi
26.		Хархорин	-	style="text-align: center; background:;"	-	8,977⁽²⁰⁰³⁾	-	style="text-align: center; background:;"	-	n/a%	Övörkhangai
27.		Бор-Өндөр	-	style="text-align: center; background:;"	-	6,406⁽²⁰⁰¹⁾	8,902	2,496	+3.5%	Khentii
28.		Чойр	4,500	style="text-align: center; background:;"	-	8,983	7,998	3,498	+2.6%	Govisümber
29.		Шарынгол	-	-	8,902	7,798	−1,104	−2.8%	Darkhan-Uul
		Монгол улс	1,538,980	1,987,274	2,365,269	2,635,000	1,096,600	+2.38%

- city proper, Nalaikh, Baganuur, Bagakhangai not included in this figure, they are separated in the table.

From List of cities in Mongolia

Base demographic indicators for Mongolia

Base Demographic Indicators for Mongolia
Demography indicator	units	U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base 1 July 2007^[22]	United Nations World Population Prospects: The 2007 Revision 1 July 2007^[23]	United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific(ESCAP) 1 July 2006^[24]	National Statistical Office of Mongolia 31 December 2007^[25]
align=right	Population	person	align=right	2,951,786	align=right	2,629,000	align=right	2,605,000	align=right	2,635,200
align=right	Age structure: 0–14 years:	% of total population
align=right	Age structure: 15–59 years:	% of total population
align=right	Age structure: 60 years and over:	% of total population
align=right	Population growth rate	%
align=right	Birth rate	births/1,000 population	align=right	21.07	align=right	18.5	align=right	19.7 ^{(2000–2005)}	align=right	21.7
align=right	Death rate	deaths/1,000 population	align=right	6.21	align=right	6.6	align=right	6.9 ^{(2000–2005)}	align=right	6.2
align=right	Net migration rate	migrant(s)/1,000 population	align=right	0	align=right	0	align=right	−4.0 ^{(2000–2005)}
align=right	Sex ratio at birth:	male(s)/female	align=right	1.0500	align=right	1.01	align=right	1.0424	align=right	1.0310
align=right	Sex ratio: under 15 years:	male(s)/female	align=right	1.0408		align=right	1.0153	align=right	1.0193
align=right	Sex ratio: 15–59 years:	male(s)/female	align=right	1.0003		align=right	0.9414	align=right	0.9379
align=right	Sex ratio: 60 years and over:	male(s)/female	align=right	0.8169	align=right	0.80		align=right	0.7933
align=right	Sex ratio: total population:	male(s)/female	align=right	1.0002	align=right	0.9947		align=right	0.9508
align=right	Potential support ratio	persons aged 15 to 64 per persons aged 65 or older	align=right	17.47	align=right	17		align=right	16.33
align=right	Infant mortality rate	deaths/1,000 live births	align=right	42.65	align=right	40	align=right	39 ⁽²⁰⁰⁵⁾	align=right	15.4
align=right	Mortality under age 5	deaths/1,000		align=right	55	align=right	49 ⁽²⁰⁰⁵⁾	align=right	22
align=right	Life expectancy at birth total population:	years	align=right	66.99	align=right	68	align=right	65.1 ^{(2000–2005)}	align=right	66.54
align=right	Life expectancy at birth male:	years	align=right	64.61	align=right	64	align=right	61.9 ^{(2000–2005)}	align=right	63.13
align=right	Life expectancy at birth female:	years	align=right	69.48	align=right	70	align=right	68.4 ^{(2000–2005)}	align=right	70.23
align=right	Total fertility rate	children born/woman	align=right	2.2517	align=right	1.9	align=right	2.1 ^{(2000–2005)}	align=right	2.3
align=right	Age specific fertility rate:	ages 15–19 (per 1,000)	align=right	22.5	align=right	45	align=right	49.7 ^{(2000–2005)}	align=right	18.7
align=right	Urban population:	% of total population
align=right	Gross secondary school enrolment ratio males:	%
align=right	Gross secondary school enrolment ratio females:	%
align=right	Contraceptive prevalence rate all methods:	% of women aged 15 to 49 who are married or in union
align=right	Contraceptive prevalence rate modern methods:	% of women aged 15 to 49 who are married or in union
align=right	Persons with disabilities:	% of total population
align=right	National poverty rate:	% of total population			⁽²⁰⁰²⁾
align=right	Human development index	% of total population
align=right	Population projected to 2025:	person	align=right	3,725,352	align=right	3,112,000
align=right	Population projected to 2050:	person	align=right	4,340,496	align=right	3,388,000

Notes and References

Web site: Date . Mongolia National Census 2020 Results . National Statistical Office of Mongolia . 2020-06-12 . 2020-06-12.
Web site: CIA World Factbook. 2012. CIA. 14 November 2012.
Web site: World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision.
Web site: Population . Mongolian Statistical Information Service . 27 April 2019.
Web site: Population, in 2023 .
Web site: Social and economic situation of Mongolia.
Web site: World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations. 2017-07-15.
Web site: Монголия - Монголия - Каталог статей - Чойбалсан|Монголия|Ностальгия.
Web site: "Chinese language fever" in Mongolia on the upswing . english.hanban.org . 7 February 2020 . 12 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161112153659/http://english.hanban.org/article/2016-08/09/content_652567.htm . dead .
"Монгол улсын ястангуудын тоо, байршилд гарч буй өөрчлөлтуудийн асуудалд" М.Баянтөр, Г.Нямдаваа, З.Баярмаа pp.57-70
http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf Mongolia National Census 2010 Provision Results. National Statistical Office of Mongolia
Web site: 2020 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF MONGOLIA /summary/. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210715110250/https://www.1212.mn/BookLibraryDownload.ashx?url=Census2020_Mongolia_Eng.pdf&ln=En . 2021-07-15 .
In the 1956 National Census Darkhad were counted with Uriankhai
http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf National Census 2010 Preliminary results
For the 2000-2006 and 2000-2005 periods, respectively. UNICEF - At a glance: Mongolia, accessed June 15th, 2006
Web site: 2020 Population and Housing Census. National Statistics Office of Mongolia. https://web.archive.org/web/20230901022031/https://tuv.nso.mn/uploads/users/87/files/Khun_am_toollogo.pdf. 1 September 2023. 15 August 2023. bot: unknown.
Web site: City Population - Historical population figures.
Statistisches Bundesamt: Statistik des Auslands - Mongolei, 1985
Encyclopedia "Cartactual," published 01/01/85
Web site: NSO . 2010-03-22 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090103190133/http://www.nso.mn/eng/index.php . 2009-01-03 . National Statistical Office of Mongolia (accessed May 2, 2007)
(2000) PADCO: Mongolia Urban Development and Housing Sector Strategy, Final Report, Vol. 2, published 2005.
https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/mgportal.html U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base - Mongolia Country Summary
Web site: United Nations World Population Prospects: The 2007 Revision.
Web site: United Nations ESCAP 2007 Statistical Yearbook . 2008-04-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170105062237/http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2007/index.asp . 2017-01-05 . dead .
Statistical Yearbook of Mongolia 2007, National Statistical Office, Ulaanbaatar, 2008